Sex differences in insulin sensitivity and insulin response with increasing age in black South African men and women

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H. Goedecke ◽  
Cindy George ◽  
Katherine Veras ◽  
Nasheeta Peer ◽  
Carl Lombard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
South African ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black South African

scholarly journals Insulin Response in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity: An appropriate  -cell response in black South African women

Diabetes Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Goedecke ◽  
J. A. Dave ◽  
M. V. Faulenbach ◽  
K. M. Utzschneider ◽  
E. V. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
South African ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Women

scholarly journals Insulin Response in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity: An Appropriate  -Cell Response in Black South African Women: Response to Joffe and Distiller

Diabetes Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. e124-e124
Author(s):  
J. H. Goedecke ◽  
E. V. Lambert ◽  
N. S. Levitt ◽  
T. Olsson ◽  
J. R. Seckl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
South African ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Women

scholarly journals High risk of metabolic syndrome among black South African women with severe mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Saloojee ◽  
Jonathan K. Burns ◽  
Ayesha A. Motala
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
South African ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Black South African

Background: There is an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) globally. The prevalence of MetS is higher in black women compared to black men from South Africa.Aim: To compare the prevalence of MetS between black South African men and women with SMI taking antipsychotic medication. Further, this prevalence was compared to the prevalence in a matched control group of black South African men and women without SMI. Setting: A general hospital psychiatric unit.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of MetS in a group of multi-ethnic participants with SMI treated with antipsychotic medication and a matched control group without SMI, applying the 2009 Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Here, we included only the black African participants to compare MetS prevalence between men and women.Results: There were 232 participants in the group with SMI (male 155 and female 77) and without SMI (male 156 and female 76). The prevalence of MetS was more than three times higher in women with SMI compared to men with SMI (37.7% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MetS in men or women between the groups with and without SMI. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (odds ratio [OR] 7.66), advancing age (OR 1.08) and longer duration of illness (OR = 1.15) were significant risk factors for MetS in SMI.Conclusion: In black South Africans with SMI on antipsychotic medication, there is a higher prevalence and risk for MetS in women compared to men.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4558
Author(s):  
Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo ◽  
Julia H. Goedecke ◽  
Melikhaya Soboyisi ◽  
Clement Kufe ◽  
Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Nutrient Patterns ◽  
Regional Body Fat ◽  
Regional Adiposity

The study evaluated the association between nutrient patterns with body fat and regional adiposity in middle-aged black South African (SA) men and women and determined if this differed by sex. Body fat and regional adiposity (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and dietary intake (7-day quantified food frequency questionnaire) were measured in black SA men (n = 414) and women (n = 346). Using principal component analysis, nutrient patterns were computed from 25 nutrients in the combined sample. Four nutrient patterns were extracted, explaining 67% of the variance in nutrient intake. Animal and fat, as well as the vitamin C, sugar, and potassium driven patterns, were positively associated with total adiposity. In contrast, the retinol and vitamin B12 pattern was associated with the centralisation of fat. Notably, the strength of the association between the animal-driven nutrient pattern and BMI was greater in men (1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.63–1.66)) than in women (0.81 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.25–1.36)) (Pint = 0.017). In contrast, the plant-driven pattern was associated with higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women (44 cm2, 95% CI (22–67)) but not men (Pint = 1.54 × 10−4). These differences suggest that although men and women have similar nutrient patterns, their associations with the whole body and regional body fat are different.

scholarly journals An Exercise Intervention to Unravel the Mechanisms Underlying Insulin Resistance in a Cohort of Black South African Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Baseline Characteristics of Participants (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H Goedecke ◽  
Amy E Mendham ◽  
Louise Clamp ◽  
Pamela A Nono Nankam ◽  
Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
South African ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
African Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Causal Pathways

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in black African women is complex and differs from that in their white counterparts. However, earlier studies have been cross-sectional and provide little insight into the causal pathways. Exercise training is consistently used as a model to examine the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and risk for T2D. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in obese black South African (SA) women. METHODS A total of 45 obese (body mass index, BMI: 30-40 kg/m2) black SA women were randomized into a control (n=22) or experimental (exercise; n=23) group. The exercise group completed 12 weeks of supervised combined aerobic and resistance training (40-60 min, 4 days/week), while the control group maintained their typical physical activity patterns, and both groups were requested not to change their dietary patterns. Before and following the 12-week intervention period, insulin sensitivity and secretion (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and its primary and secondary determinants were measured. Dietary intake, sleep quality and quantity, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were measured every 4 weeks. RESULTS The final sample included 20 exercise and 15 control participants. Baseline sociodemographics, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, physical activity, and diet did not differ between the groups (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The study describes a research protocol for an exercise intervention to understand the mechanisms underlying insulin sensitivity and secretion in obese black SA women and aims to identify causal pathways underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and risk for T2D in black SA women, targeting specific areas for therapeutic intervention. CLINICALTRIAL Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201711002789113; http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/ appmanager/atm/atmregistry?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_app_atmregistry_portal_page_13 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xLEFqKr0)

scholarly journals Insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients: are women more insulin resistant?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Uyttendaele ◽  
J. Geoffrey Chase ◽  
Jennifer L. Knopp ◽  
Rebecca Gottlieb ◽  
Geoffrey M. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Glycaemic control (GC) in intensive care unit is challenging due to significant inter- and intra-patient variability, leading to increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Recent work showed higher insulin resistance in female preterm neonates. This study aims to determine if there are differences in inter- and intra-patient metabolic variability between sexes in adults, to gain in insight into any differences in metabolic response to injury. Any significant difference would suggest GC and randomised trial design should consider sex differences to personalise care. Methods Insulin sensitivity (SI) levels and variability are identified from retrospective clinical data for men and women. Data are divided using 6-h blocks to capture metabolic evolution over time. In total, 91 male and 54 female patient GC episodes of minimum 24 h are analysed. Hypothesis testing is used to determine whether differences are significant (P < 0.05), and equivalence testing is used to assess whether these differences can be considered equivalent at a clinical level. Data are assessed for the raw cohort and in 100 Monte Carlo simulations analyses where the number of men and women are equal. Results Demographic data between females and males were all similar, including GC outcomes (safety from hypoglycaemia and high (> 50%) time in target band). Females had consistently significantly lower SI levels than males, and this difference was not clinically equivalent. However, metabolic variability between sexes was never significantly different and always clinically equivalent. Thus, inter-patient variability was significantly different between males and females, but intra-patient variability was equivalent. Conclusion Given equivalent intra-patient variability and significantly greater insulin resistance, females can receive the same benefit from safe, effective GC as males, but may require higher insulin doses to achieve the same glycaemia. Clinical trials should consider sex differences in protocol design and outcome analyses.

scholarly journals Sex differences in insulin action and body fat distribution in overweight and obese middle-aged and older men and women

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Ferrara ◽  
Andrew P. Goldberg ◽  
Barbara J. Nicklas ◽  
John D. Sorkin ◽  
Alice S. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Glucose Clamp ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Older Men And Women

Controversy exists as to whether there are differences in insulin action between older men and women, and what factors contribute to these differences. This study tests the hypothesis that sex differences in regional fat distribution contribute to a disparity in insulin sensitivity in older men vs. older women. Healthy, older (50–71 years), sedentary men (n = 28) and women (n = 29) were recruited to participate in the study. Body fat, fat-free mass (FFM), and visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) adipose tissue areas were measured by DXA and computed tomography (CT). For measurements of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (M), insulin was infused at a constant rate of 240 pmol·m–2·min–1, and M was calculated between the 90th and 120th min of the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp. The men weighed 16% more and had 16% higher waist and 4% lower hip circumferences than women (p < 0.05 for all). Total fat mass and SAT were 21% and 33% lower and FFM was 49% higher in men than in women, whereas waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and VAT:SAT ratio were 21% and 56% higher in men than in women (p < 0.05 for all). Although insulin concentrations during the glucose clamp were higher in men, M was 47% lower in men vs. women (21.7 ± 1.1 vs. 46.7 ± 3.1 µmol·L–1·kgFFM–1·min–1, p < 0.05). The sex-related differences in M persisted after controlling for insulin concentrations during the glucose clamp, for waist, WHR, and VAT:SAT. Older men are more insulin resistant than women, despite lower body fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat. This difference in insulin sensitivity is not explained by abdominal fat distribution, therefore other metabolic factors contribute to the sex differences in insulin sensitivity.

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