Prediction of the optimum heating duration for potatoes in steam convection ovens

2021 ◽  
pp. 100442
Author(s):  
Rio Yoshida ◽  
Yoko Sato ◽  
Risa Hachikawa ◽  
Midori Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Heating ◽  
Heating Duration

scholarly journals The formation conditions of birch tar in oxygen-depleted environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabea J. Koch ◽  
Patrick Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Dry Distillation ◽  
Narrow Temperature Interval ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heating Duration

AbstractBirch tar is the oldest manmade adhesive dating back to the European Middle Palaeolithic. Its study is of importance for understanding the cognitive capacities and technical skills of Neanderthals and the aceramic production systems employed in the European Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. Several methods may have been used to make birch tar, the most common proposition being dry distillation in oxygen-depleted atmospheres. One of the major impediments for our understanding of the conditions employed to make Neanderthal birch tar, and ultimately the technique used, is that it remains unknown at which temperatures exactly birch tar forms. The relationship between heating duration and tar formation is also unknown. To address these questions, we conduct a laboratory heating experiment, using sealed glass tubes and an electric furnace. We found that birch tar is only produced at a narrow temperature interval (350 °C and 400 °C). Heating times longer than 15 min have no effect on the quantity of tar produced. These findings, notwithstanding previous propositions of necessarily long heating times and larger tolerances for temperature, have important implications for our understanding of the investment in time needed for Palaeolithic birch tar making.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Organic Matter in Aqueous Environments Simulating Small Bodies in the Solar System and the Effects of Minerals on Amino Acid Formation

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Walaa Elmasry ◽  
Yoko Kebukawa ◽  
Kensei Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Heating Duration

The extraterrestrial delivery of organics to primitive Earth has been supported by many laboratory and space experiments. Minerals played an important role in the evolution of meteoritic organic matter. In this study, we simulated aqueous alteration in small bodies by using a solution mixture of H2CO and NH3 in the presence of water at 150 °C under different heating durations, which produced amino acids after acid hydrolysis. Moreover, minerals were added to the previous mixture to examine their catalyzing/inhibiting impact on amino acid formation. Without minerals, glycine was the dominant amino acid obtained at 1 d of the heating experiment, while alanine and β-alanine increased significantly and became dominant after 3 to 7 d. Minerals enhanced the yield of amino acids at short heating duration (1 d); however, they induced their decomposition at longer heating duration (7 d). Additionally, montmorillonite enhanced amino acid production at 1 d, while olivine and serpentine enhanced production at 3 d. Molecular weight distribution in the whole of the products obtained by gel chromatography showed that minerals enhanced both decomposition and combination of molecules. Our results indicate that minerals affected the formation of amino acids in aqueous environments in small Solar System bodies and that the amino acids could have different response behaviors according to different minerals.

scholarly journals Effect of load sequence interaction on bond-wire lifetime due to power cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoubir Khatir ◽  
Son-Ha Tran ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Richard Lallemand ◽  
Nicolas Degrenne
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Power Cycling ◽  
Power Modules ◽  
Bond Wire ◽  
Load Sequence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Heating Duration

AbstractExperimental investigations on the effects of load sequence on degradations of bond-wire contacts of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors power modules are reported in this paper. Both the junction temperature swing ($$\Delta T_{j}$$ Δ T j ) and the heating duration ($$t_{ON}$$ t ON ) are investigated. First, power cycling tests with single conditions (in $$\Delta T_{j}$$ Δ T j and $$t_{ON}$$ t ON ), are performed in order to serve as test references. Then, combined power cycling tests with two-level stress conditions have been done sequentially. These tests are carried-out in the two sequences: low stress/high stress (LH) and high stress/low stress (HL) for both $$\Delta T_{j}$$ Δ T j and $$t_{ON}$$ t ON . The tests conducted show that a sequencing in $$\Delta T_{j}$$ Δ T j regardless of the direction “high-low” or “low–high” leads to an acceleration of degradations and so, to shorter lifetimes. This is more pronounced when the difference between the stress levels is large. With regard to the heating duration ($$t_{ON}$$ t ON ), the effect seems insignificant. However, it is necessary to confirm the effect of this last parameter by additional tests.

A REVIEW ON EDDY CURRENT THERMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Rusli ◽  
I. Z. Abidin ◽  
S. A. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Defect Detection ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Quantitative Characterisation ◽  
Optimum Heating ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Eddy Current Heating

Eddy current thermography is one of the non-destructive testing techniques that provide advantages over other active thermography techniques in defect detection and analysis. The method of defect detection in eddy current thermography has become reliable due to its mode of interactions i.e. eddy current heating and heat diffusion, acquired via an infrared camera. Such ability has given the technique the advantages for non-destructive testing applications. The experimental parameters and settings which contribute towards optimum heating and defect detection capability have always been the focus of research associated with the technique. In addition, the knowledge and understanding of the characteristics heat distribution surrounding a defect is an important factor for successful inspection results. Thus, the quantitative characterisation of defect by this technique is possible compared to the conventional non-destructive which only acquired qualitative result. In this paper, a review of the eddy current thermography technique is presented which covers the physical principles of the technique, associated systems and its applications. Works on the application of the technique have been presented and discussed which demonstrates the ability of eddy current thermography for non-destructive testing of conductive materials.   

Effect of DBDS concentration and heating duration on copper sulfide formation in oil-immersed transformer insulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1869-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kato ◽  
T. Amimoto ◽  
E. Nagao ◽  
N. Hosokawa ◽  
S. Toyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Transformer Insulation ◽  
Heating Duration

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of a new conjugated polymer containing bithiazole group and its thermal decomposition kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Adnan Kurt ◽  
Hacer Andan ◽  
Murat Koca
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Diffusion Type ◽  
Optimum Heating ◽  
Rate Loss ◽  
Kinetics Of

A new conjugated polymer containing a bithiazole group is prepared by the polycondensation of 2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bithiazole and terephthaldialdehyde in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The kinetics of thermal degradation of the new polymer are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates. The temperature corresponding to the maximum rate loss shifts to higher temperatures with increasing heating rate. The thermal decomposition activation energies of the conjugated polymer in a conversion range of 3–15 % are 288.4 and 281.1 kJ/mol by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger methods, respectively. The Horowitz–Metzger method shows that the thermodegradation mechanism of the conjugated polymer proceeds over a three-dimensional diffusion type deceleration D3 mechanism. The optimum heating rate is 20 ºC/min.

scholarly journals Effect of Heating Duration on the Synthesis of Silicon Carbide Nanotubes by Microwave Heating of MWCNTs and Silica

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074
Author(s):  
Chung Sung Tony Voo ◽  
Chun Hong Voon ◽  
Chang Chuan Lee ◽  
Subash C.B. Gopinath ◽  
Bee Ying Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Silicon Carbide Nanotubes ◽  
Heating Duration
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