Persistence of West Nile Virus (WNV) IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with CNS disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Kapoor ◽  
Kimberly Signs ◽  
Patricia Somsel ◽  
Frances P. Downes ◽  
Patricia A. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cns Disease ◽  
Igm Antibodies

West Nile Virus Chorioretinitis in the Presence of Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642097925
Author(s):  
Kareem Moussa ◽  
Karen W. Jeng-Miller ◽  
Leo A. Kim ◽  
Dean Eliott
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Purpose: This work aims to evaluate the utility of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and serology in confirming West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in patients with suspected WNV chorioretinitis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of a cluster of patients who presented to the Retina Service of Massachusetts Eye and Ear between September and October 2018. Results: Three patients were identified with classic WNV chorioretinitis lesions with negative cerebrospinal fluid NAAT and positive serum serology findings. The diagnosis of WNV chorioretinitis was made based on the appearance of the fundus lesions and the presence of characteristic findings on fluorescein angiography as previously described in the literature. Conclusions: This report highlights 3 unique cases of WNV chorioretinitis in which NAAT of cerebrospinal fluid failed to identify WNV as the inciting agent. These cases stress the importance of serum serologic testing in diagnosing WNV infection.

Detection of West Nile virus sequences in cerebrospinal fluid

The Lancet ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (9215) ◽  
pp. 1614-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Briese ◽  
William G Glass ◽  
W lan Lipkin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals West Nile virus circulation in Emilia-Romagna, Italy: the integrated surveillance system 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Angelini ◽  
M Tamba ◽  
A C Finarelli ◽  
R Bellini ◽  
A Albieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Northeastern Italy

Following a large West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in northeastern Italy in 2008, human and animal surveillance activities were implemented in Emilia Romagna. Human surveillance was performed by serology or genome detection on blood and cerebrospinal fluid for all suspected cases suffering from acute meningoencephalitis in the regional territory. Animal surveillance consisted of passive and active surveillance of horses and active surveillance of wild birds and mosquitoes. Between 15 June and 31 October 2009, nine of 78 possible cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease were confirmed (three fatal). From May to October, 26 cases of neurological West Nile disease were confirmed among 46 horses. The overall incidence of seroconversion among horses in 2009 was 13%. In 2009, 44 of 1,218 wild birds yielded positive PCR results for WNV infection. The planned veterinary and entomological surveillance actions detected WNV activity from the end of July 2009, about 2-3 weeks before the onset of the first human neurological case. Passive surveillance of horses seems to be an early and suitable tool for the detection of WNV activity, but it will be less sensitive in the future, because an intensive programme of horse vaccination started in June 2009.

scholarly journals Equine seroprevalence of West Nile virus antibodies in the UK in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arran J. Folly ◽  
Elisabeth S. L. Waller ◽  
Fiona McCracken ◽  
Lorraine M. McElhinney ◽  
Helen Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that can cause neurological disease in both humans and horses. Due to the movement of competent vectors and viraemic hosts, WNV has repeatedly emerged globally and more recently in western Europe. Within the UK, WNV is a notifiable disease in horses, and vaccines against the virus are commercially available. However, there has been no investigation into the seroprevalence of WNV in the UK equine population to determine the extent of vaccination or to provide evidence of recent infection. Methods Equine serum samples were obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Agency’s equine testing service between August and November 2019. A total of 988 serum samples were selected for horses resident in South East England. WNV seroprevalence was determined using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect total flavivirus antibodies and WNV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Positive IgM results were investigated by contacting the submitting veterinarian to establish the clinical history or evidence of prior vaccination of the horses in question. Results Within the cohort, 274 samples tested positive for flavivirus antibodies, of which two subsequently tested positive for WNV-specific IgM antibodies. The follow-up investigation established that both horses had been vaccinated prior to serum samples being drawn, which resulted in an IgM-positive response. All the samples that tested positive by competition ELISA were from horses set to be exported to countries where WNV is endemic. Consequently, the positive results were likely due to previous vaccination. In contrast, 714 samples were seronegative, indicating that the majority of the UK equine population may be susceptible to WNV infection. Conclusions There was no evidence for cryptic WNV infection in a cohort of horses sampled in England in 2019. All IgM-seropositive cases were due to vaccination; this should be noted for future epidemiological surveys in the event of a disease outbreak, as it is not possible to distinguish vaccinated from infected horses without knowledge of their clinical histories.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus specific IgG and IgM antibodies in North-Western and Western provinces of Zambia

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mweene-Ndumba ◽  
S Siziya ◽  
M Monze ◽  
ML Mazaba ◽  
F Masaninga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Acute West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis Diagnosed Via Metagenomic Deep Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Renal Transplant Patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Wilson ◽  
L. L. Zimmermann ◽  
E. D. Crawford ◽  
H. A. Sample ◽  
P. R. Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Renal Transplant Patient ◽  
Transplant Patient ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G Avidity in Differentiation between Early and Late Antibody Responses to West Nile Virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Fox ◽  
Stuart L. Hazell ◽  
Leslie H. Tobler ◽  
Michael P. Busch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Igg Level

ABSTRACT In 1999 West Nile virus (WNV) surfaced in the United States in the city of New York and spread over successive summers to most of the continental United States, Canada, and Mexico. Because WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been shown to persist for up to 1 year, residents in areas of endemicity can have persistent WNV IgM antibodies that are unrelated to a current illness with which they present. We present data on the use of IgG avidity testing for the resolution of conflicting data arising from the testing of serum or plasma for antibodies to WNV. Thirteen seroconversion panels, each consisting of a minimum of four samples, were used. All samples were tested for the presence of WNV IgM and IgG antibodies, and the avidity index for the WNV IgG-positive samples was calculated. Panels that exhibited a rise in the WNV IgM level followed by a sequential rise in the WNV IgG level were designated “primary.” Panels that exhibited a marked rise in the WNV IgG level followed by a sequential weak WNV IgM response and that had serological evidence of a prior flavivirus infection were designated “secondary.” All samples from the “primary” panels exhibited low avidity indices (less than 40%) for the first 20 to 30 days after the recovery of the index sample (the sample found to be virus positive). All of the “secondary” samples had elevated WNV IgG levels with avidity indices of ≥55%, regardless of the number of days since the recovery of the index sample. These data demonstrate that it is possible to differentiate between recent and past exposure to WNV or another flavivirus through the measurement of WNV IgG avidity indices.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Using Recombinant Envelope Protein Expressed in COS-1 and Drosophila S2 Cells for Detection of West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin M in Serum or Cerebrospinal Fluid

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scott Muerhoff ◽  
George J. Dawson ◽  
Bruce Dille ◽  
Robin Gutierrez ◽  
Thomas P. Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
S2 Cells ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Recombinant Envelope Protein

ABSTRACT Humans infected with West Nile virus (WNV) develop immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies soon after infection. The microtiter-based assays for WNV IgM antibody detection used by most state public health and reference laboratories utilize WNV antigen isolated from infected Vero cells or recombinant envelope protein produced in COS-1 cells. Recombinant antigen produced in COS-1 cells was used to develop a WNV IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A supplementary EIA using WNV envelope protein expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells was also developed. Both assays detected WNV IgM in the sera of experimentally infected rhesus monkeys within approximately 10 days postinfection. Human sera previously tested for WNV IgM at a state public health laboratory (SPHL) were evaluated using both EIAs. Among the sera from 20 individuals with laboratory-confirmed WNV infection (i.e., IgM-positive cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) that were categorized as equivocal for WNV IgM at the SPHL, 19 were IgM positive and one was negative by the new EIAs. Of the 19 IgM-positive patients, 15 were diagnosed with meningitis or encephalitis; the IgM-negative patient was not diagnosed with neurological disease. There was 100% agreement between the EIAs for the detection of WNV IgM. CSF samples from 21 individuals tested equivocal for WNV IgM at the SPHL; all 21 were positive in both bead assays, and 16 of these patients were diagnosed with neurological disease. These findings demonstrate that the new EIAs accurately identify WNV infection in individuals with confirmed WNV encephalitis and that they exhibit enhanced sensitivity over that of the microtiter assay format.

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