AbstractThe positive solutions of the equation $$x^y = y^x$$
x
y
=
y
x
have been discussed for over two centuries. Goldbach found a parametric form for the solutions, and later a connection was made with the classical Lambert function, which was also studied by Euler. Despite the attention given to the real equation $$x^y=y^x$$
x
y
=
y
x
, the complex equation $$z^w = w^z$$
z
w
=
w
z
has virtually been ignored in the literature. In this expository paper, we suggest that the problem should not be simply to parametrise the solutions of the equation, but to uniformize it. Explicitly, we construct a pair z(t) and w(t) of functions of a complex variable t that are holomorphic functions of t lying in some region D of the complex plane that satisfy the equation $$z(t)^{w(t)} = w(t)^{z(t)}$$
z
(
t
)
w
(
t
)
=
w
(
t
)
z
(
t
)
for t in D. Moreover, when t is positive these solutions agree with those of $$x^y=y^x$$
x
y
=
y
x
.
Positive solutions with a complex behavior for superlinear indefinite ODEs on the real line