Reciprocal influences on performances of a postural–suprapostural task by manipulating the level of task-load

Abstract. The Monty Hall Dilemma (MHD) is an intriguing example of the discrepancy between people’s intuitions and normative reasoning. This study examines whether the notorious difficulty of the MHD is associated with limitations in working memory resources. Experiment 1 and 2 examined the link between MHD reasoning and working memory capacity. Experiment 3 tested the role of working memory experimentally by burdening the executive resources with a secondary task. Results showed that participants who solved the MHD correctly had a significantly higher working memory capacity than erroneous responders. Correct responding also decreased under secondary task load. Findings indicate that working memory capacity plays a key role in overcoming salient intuitions and selecting the correct switching response during MHD reasoning.

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Quantifying car following performance as a metric for primary and parameters secondary (distraction) task load: Part A - Modification of task

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e576912012-008 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas J. Ward ◽

Michael P. Manser ◽

Dick de Waard ◽

Nobuyuki Kuge ◽

Erwin Boer

Keyword(s):

Car Following ◽

Task Load ◽

Distraction Task

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Reciprocal Influences of Attentional Focus on Postural and Supra-Postural Task Performance

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e579872013-053 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriele Wulf John Mercer ◽

Mark Guadagnoli ◽

Nancy McNevin

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Attentional Focus ◽

Reciprocal Influences ◽

Postural Task

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Motor theory modulated by task load: strategies of phonological processing in frontal aphasia revealed by tDCS over the LIFG

10.31234/osf.io/xn9tf ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lílian Rodrigues de Almeida ◽

Paul A. Pope ◽

Peter Hansen

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception ◽

Speech Production ◽

Phonological Processing ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Dorsal Stream ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Motor Theory ◽

Task Load ◽

Cathodal Tdcs ◽

The Individual

In our previous studies we supported the claim that the motor theory is modulated by task load. Motoric participation in phonological processing increases from speech perception to speech production, with the endpoints of the dorsal stream having changing and complementary weightings for processing: the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) being increasingly relevant and the left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) being decreasingly relevant. Our previous results for neurostimulation of the LIFG support this model. In this study we investigated whether our claim that the motor theory is modulated by task load holds in (frontal) aphasia. Person(s) with aphasia (PWA) after stroke typically have damage on brain areas responsible for phonological processing. They may present variable patterns of recovery and, consequently, variable strategies of phonological processing. Here these strategies were investigated in two PWA with simultaneous fMRI and tDCS of the LIFG during speech perception and speech production tasks. Anodal tDCS excitation and cathodal tDCS inhibition should increase with the relevance of the target for the task. Cathodal tDCS over a target of low relevance could also induce compensation by the remaining nodes. Responses of PWA to tDCS would further depend on their pattern of recovery. Responses would depend on the responsiveness of the perilesional area, and could be weaker than in controls due to an overall hypoactivation of the cortex. Results suggest that the analysis of motor codes for articulation during phonological processing remains in frontal aphasia and that tDCS is a promising diagnostic tool to investigate the individual processing strategies.

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Monitoring Moment-to-Moment Operator Workload Using Task Load and System-State Information

10.21236/ada390275 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. F. Van Orden

Keyword(s):

System State ◽

State Information ◽

Task Load ◽

Moment Operator ◽

Operator Workload

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Eye Movements in Response to Pain-Related Feelings in the Presence of Low and High Cognitive Loads

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs10050092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Ramtin Zargari Marandi ◽

Camilla Ann Fjelsted ◽

Iris Hrustanovic ◽

Rikke Dan Olesen ◽

Parisa Gazerani

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Cognitive Load ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Load Level ◽

Task Load ◽

Pupillary Responses ◽

Movement Characteristics

The affective dimension of pain contributes to pain perception. Cognitive load may influence pain-related feelings. Eye tracking has proven useful for detecting cognitive load effects objectively by using relevant eye movement characteristics. In this study, we investigated whether eye movement characteristics differ in response to pain-related feelings in the presence of low and high cognitive loads. A set of validated, control, and pain-related sounds were applied to provoke pain-related feelings. Twelve healthy young participants (six females) performed a cognitive task at two load levels, once with the control and once with pain-related sounds in a randomized order. During the tasks, eye movements and task performance were recorded. Afterwards, the participants were asked to fill out questionnaires on their pain perception in response to the applied cognitive loads. Our findings indicate that an increased cognitive load was associated with a decreased saccade peak velocity, saccade frequency, and fixation frequency, as well as an increased fixation duration and pupil dilation range. Among the oculometrics, pain-related feelings were reflected only in the pupillary responses to a low cognitive load. The performance and perceived cognitive load decreased and increased, respectively, with the task load level and were not influenced by the pain-related sounds. Pain-related feelings were lower when performing the task compared with when no task was being performed in an independent group of participants. This might be due to the cognitive engagement during the task. This study demonstrated that cognitive processing could moderate the feelings associated with pain perception.

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Smart Helmet-Based Personnel Proximity Warning System for Improving Underground Mine Safety

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4342

Author(s):

Yeanjae Kim ◽

Jieun Baek ◽

Yosoon Choi

Keyword(s):

Signal Detection ◽

Performance Test ◽

Warning System ◽

Mine Safety ◽

Transmission Power ◽

Detection Distance ◽

Task Load ◽

Smart Glasses ◽

Heavy Equipment ◽

Equipment Operator

A smart helmet-based wearable personnel proximity warning system was developed to prevent collisions between equipment and pedestrians in mines. The smart helmet worn by pedestrians receives signals transmitted by Bluetooth beacons attached to heavy equipment, light vehicles, or dangerous zones, and provides visual LED warnings to the pedestrians and operators simultaneously. A performance test of the proposed system was conducted in an underground limestone mine. It was confirmed that as the transmission power of the Bluetooth beacon increased, the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal detection distance of the system also increased. The average BLE signal detection distance was at least 10 m, regardless of the facing angle between the smart helmet and Bluetooth beacon. The subjective workload for the smartphone-, smart glasses-, and smart helmet-based proximity warning system (PWS) was evaluated using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index. All six workload parameters were the lowest when using the smart helmet-based PWS. The smart helmet-based PWS can provide visual proximity warning alerts to both the equipment operator and the pedestrian, and it can be expanded to provide worker health monitoring and hazard awareness functions by adding sensors to the Arduino board.

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Desktop lighting for comfortable use of a computer screen

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-208018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (s1) ◽

pp. S209-S221

Author(s):

Lu Han ◽

Hechen Zhang ◽

Zhongxia Xiang ◽

Jinze Shang ◽

Shabila Anjani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Motion Tracking ◽

Tracking System ◽

Computer User ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Computer Screen ◽

Task Load ◽

Trunk Movements ◽

Motion Tracking System ◽

Nasa Task Load Index

BACKGROUND: The contrast between a bright computer screen and a dark ambient environment may influence comfort of the users, especially on their eyes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to identify the optimal desktop lighting for the comfortable use of the computer screen in a dark environment. METHODS: An experiment was designed where seven illumination setups were introduced for the users to perform their leisure tasks on a computer screen. Fifteen healthy subjects participated in the experiments. During each session, durations of the eye blinks, fixations and saccades of the user were recorded by an eye tracker. His/her neck and trunk movements were recorded by a motion tracking system as well. The comfort/discomfort questionnaire, localized postural discomfort questionnaire, NASA task load index and computer user questionnaire were used to record the overall comfort/discomfort, the local perceived physical discomfort, the cognitive workload, and general/eye health problems, respectively. RESULTS: Subjective and objective measurement results indicated that users felt more comfortable with high intensity warm lights using a computer screen. We also identified that the eye fixation durations, as well as the scores of two questions in the computer user questionnaire, have significant negative correlations with comfort. On the other side, the durations of blinks and the scores of three questions in the computer user questionnaire, were significantly correlated with discomfort. CONCLUSION: The warm (3000K) and high intensity (1500 lux) light reduced the visual and cognitive fatigue of the user and therefore improve the comfort of the user during the use of a computer screen.

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