On the effects of small scale space–time variability of rainfall on basin flood response

2014 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Paschalis ◽  
Simone Fatichi ◽  
Peter Molnar ◽  
Stefan Rimkus ◽  
Paolo Burlando
Keyword(s):  
Scale Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flood Response

Generalised synthesis of space–time variability in flood response: An analytical framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 394 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Viglione ◽  
Giovanni Battista Chirico ◽  
Ross Woods ◽  
Günter Blöschl
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Flood Response

Climatic-scale space-time variability of tropical precipitation

1996 ◽  
Vol 101 (D21) ◽  
pp. 26297-26307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gershunov ◽  
Joel Michaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Scale Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Tropical Precipitation

scholarly journals Visualization of radar-observed rainfall for hydrological risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Jonas Olsson ◽  
Peter Berg ◽  
Remco van de Beek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Temporal Aggregation ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Flood Analysis

Abstract. Short-duration high-intensity rainfall constitutes a major hydro-meteorological hazard, with impacts such as pluvial (urban) flooding and debris flow. There is a great demand in society for improved information on small-scale rainfall extremes, both in real time (e.g. for early warning) and historically (e.g. for post-flood analysis). Observing this type of events is notoriously difficult, because of their extreme small-scale space-time variability. However, owing to recent advances in weather radar technology as well as integration with ground-based sensors, observational products potentially applicable in this context are now available. In this paper we present a visualization prototype tailored for hydrological risk assessment by using sub-basins as spatial units, by allowing temporal aggregation over different durations (i.e. accumulation periods) and by expressing high rainfall intensities in terms of return period exceedance. The radar-based data is evaluated by comparison with gauge observations and the quality is deemed sufficient for the intended applications. Different stakeholders have shown great interest in the prototype, which is openly accessible online.

scholarly journals Forecasting the SST Space-time variability of the Alboran Sea with genetic algorithms

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 2709-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Álvarez ◽  
Cristóbal López ◽  
Margalida Riera ◽  
Emilio Hernández-García ◽  
Joaquín Tintoré
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Alboran Sea ◽  
Alborán Sea

scholarly journals Modeling the Variability of Drop Size Distributions in Space and Time

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu Won Lee ◽  
Alan W. Seed ◽  
Isztar Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Precipitation Field ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Taylor Hypothesis ◽  
Drop Size Distributions

Abstract The information on the time variability of drop size distributions (DSDs) as seen by a disdrometer is used to illustrate the structure of uncertainty in radar estimates of precipitation. Based on this, a method to generate the space–time variability of the distributions of the size of raindrops is developed. The model generates one moment of DSDs that is conditioned on another moment of DSDs; in particular, radar reflectivity Z is used to obtain rainfall rate R. Based on the fact that two moments of the DSDs are sufficient to capture most of the DSD variability, the model can be used to calculate DSDs and other moments of interest of the DSD. A deterministic component of the precipitation field is obtained from a fixed R–Z relationship. Two different components of DSD variability are added to the deterministic precipitation field. The first represents the systematic departures from the fixed R–Z relationship that are expected from different regimes of precipitation. This is generated using a simple broken-line model. The second represents the fluctuations around the R–Z relationship for a particular regime and uses a space–time multiplicative cascade model. The temporal structure of the stochastic fluctuations is investigated using disdrometer data. Assuming Taylor hypothesis, the spatial structure of the fluctuations is obtained and a stochastic model of the spatial distribution of the DSD variability is constructed. The consistency of the model is validated using concurrent radar and disdrometer data.

scholarly journals Movement Around Real and Virtual Cluttered Environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Lessels ◽  
Roy A. Ruddle
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Cluttered Environments ◽  
The Real ◽  
Desktop Virtual Environment

Two experiments investigated participants' ability to search for targets in a cluttered small-scale space. The first experiment was conducted in the real world with two field of view conditions (full vs. restricted), and participants found the task trivial to perform in both. The second experiment used the same search task but was conducted in a desktop virtual environment (VE), and investigated two movement interfaces and two visual scene conditions. Participants restricted to forward only movement performed the search task quicker and more efficiently (visiting fewer targets) than those who used an interface that allowed more flexible movement (forward, backward, left, right, and diagonal). Also, participants using a high fidelity visual scene performed the task significantly quicker and more efficiently than those who used a low fidelity scene. The performance differences among all the conditions decreased with practice, but the performance of the best VE group approached that of the real-world participants. These results indicate the importance of using high fidelity scenes in VEs, and suggest that the use of a simple control system is sufficient for maintaining one's spatial orientation during searching.

Bending tests for the structural safety assessment of space truss members

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bonopera ◽  
Kuo-Chun Chang ◽  
Chun-Chung Chen ◽  
Tzu-Kang Lin ◽  
Nerio Tullini
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Beam Columns ◽  
Space Truss

This article compares two nondestructive static methods used for the axial load assessment in prismatic beam-columns of space trusses. Examples include the struts and ties or the tension chords and diagonal braces of steel pipe racks or roof trusses. The first method requires knowledge of the beam-column’s flexural rigidity under investigation, whereas the second requires knowledge of the corresponding Euler buckling load. In both procedures, short-term flexural displacements must be measured at the given cross sections along the beam-column under examination and subjected to an additional transverse load. The proposed methods were verified by numerical and laboratory tests on beams of a small-scale space truss prototype made from aluminum alloy and rigid connections. In general, if the higher second-order effects are induced during testing and the corresponding total displacements are accurately measured, it would be easy to obtain tensile and compressive force estimations.

scholarly journals AXIS—An Autonomous Expendable Instrument System

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2673-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Fratantoni ◽  
J. K. O’Brien ◽  
C. Flagg ◽  
T. Rossby
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Structure ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Time Stamp ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
System Axis

AbstractExpendable bathythermographs (XBT) to profile upper-ocean temperatures from vessels in motion have been in use for some 50 years now. Developed originally for navy use, they were soon adapted by oceanographers to map out upper-ocean thermal structure and its space–-time variability from both research vessels and merchant marine vessels in regular traffic. These activities continue today. This paper describes a new technology—the Autonomous Expendable Instrument System (AXIS)—that has been developed to provide the capability to deploy XBT probes on a predefined schedule, or adaptively in response to specific events without the presence of an observer on board. AXIS is a completely self-contained system that can hold up to 12 expendable probes [XBTs, XCTDs, expendable sound velocimeter (XSV)] in any combination. A single-board Linux computer keeps track of what probes are available, takes commands from ashore via Iridium satellite on what deployment schedule to follow, and records and forwards the probe data immediately with a time stamp and the GPS position. This paper provides a brief overview of its operation, capabilities, and some examples of how it is improving coverage along two lines in the Atlantic.

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