Editorial overview: Novel technologies in microbiology: Recent advances in techniques in microbiology

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. viii-x
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Charpentier ◽  
Luciano A. Marraffini
Keyword(s):  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent Advances in Medical Device Triage Technologies for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Events

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal Lansdowne ◽  
Christopher G. Scully ◽  
Loriano Galeotti ◽  
Suzanne Schwartz ◽  
David Marcozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Medical Apps ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Medical Countermeasures

AbstractIn 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland USA) created the Medical Countermeasures Initiative with the mission of development and promoting medical countermeasures that would be needed to protect the nation from identified, high‐priority chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) threats and emerging infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to promote regulatory science research of medical devices and to analyze how the devices can be employed in different CBRN scenarios. Triage in CBRN scenarios presents unique challenges for first responders because the effects of CBRN agents and the clinical presentations of casualties at each triage stage can vary. The uniqueness of a CBRN event can render standard patient monitoring medical device and conventional triage algorithms ineffective. Despite the challenges, there have been recent advances in CBRN triage technology that include: novel technologies; mobile medical applications (“medical apps”) for CBRN disasters; electronic triage tags, such as eTriage; diagnostic field devices, such as the Joint Biological Agent Identification System; and decision support systems, such as the Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management Intelligent Syndromes Tool (CHEMM-IST). Further research and medical device validation can help to advance prehospital triage technology for CBRN events.LansdowneK, ScullyCG, GaleottiL, SchwartzS, MarcozziD, StraussDG. Recent advances in medical device triage technologies for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):1-4

scholarly journals Recent advances of novel technologies for quality consistency assessment of natural herbal medicines and preparations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Chuan Wei ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Chuan-Hong Luo ◽  
Hao-Zhou Huang ◽  
Peng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent Advances in Augmentative and Alternative Communication

2015 ◽  
pp. 128-140
Author(s):  
Toby B. Mehl-Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Communication Needs

With the increased development of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and tablets (i.e. iPhone, iPad), the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has changed rapidly over the last few years. Recent advances in technology have introduced applications (apps) for AAC purposes. These novel technologies could provide numerous benefits to individuals with complex communication needs. Nevertheless, introducing mobile technology apps is not without risk. Since these apps can be purchased and retrieved with relative ease, AAC assessments and collaborative evaluations have been circumvented in favor of the “quick fix”-simply ordering a random app for a potential user, without fully assessing the individual's needs and abilities. There is a paucity of research pertaining to mobile technology use in AAC. Therapists, parents and developers of AAC applications must work collaboratively to expand the research pertaining to the assessment and treatment of children who utilize AAC mobile technologies for communication purposes.

Recent Advances in Augmentative and Alternative Communication

2016 ◽  
pp. 2236-2248
Author(s):  
Toby B. Mehl-Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Communication Needs

With the increased development of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and tablets (i.e. iPhone, iPad), the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has changed rapidly over the last few years. Recent advances in technology have introduced applications (apps) for AAC purposes. These novel technologies could provide numerous benefits to individuals with complex communication needs. Nevertheless, introducing mobile technology apps is not without risk. Since these apps can be purchased and retrieved with relative ease, AAC assessments and collaborative evaluations have been circumvented in favor of the “quick fix”-simply ordering a random app for a potential user, without fully assessing the individual's needs and abilities. There is a paucity of research pertaining to mobile technology use in AAC. Therapists, parents and developers of AAC applications must work collaboratively to expand the research pertaining to the assessment and treatment of children who utilize AAC mobile technologies for communication purposes.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Jihong Sun ◽  
Xiaoming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Liver Biopsies

Liver fibrosis is a life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality owing to its diverse causes. Liver biopsy, as the current gold standard for diagnosing and staging liver fibrosis, has a number of limitations, including sample variability, relatively high cost, an invasive nature, and the potential of complications. Most importantly, in clinical practice, patients often reject additional liver biopsies after initiating treatment despite their being necessary for long-term follow-up. To resolve these problems, a number of different noninvasive imaging-based methods have been developed for accurate diagnosis of liver fibrosis. However, these techniques only reflect morphological or perfusion-related alterations in the liver, and thus they are generally only useful for the diagnosis of late-stage liver fibrosis (liver cirrhosis), which is already characterized by “irreversible” anatomic and hemodynamic changes. Thus, it is essential that new approaches are developed for accurately diagnosing early-stage liver fibrosis as at this stage the disease may be “reversed” by active treatment. The development of molecular MR imaging technology has potential in this regard, as it facilitates noninvasive, target-specific imaging of liver fibrosis. We provide an overview of recent advances in molecular MR imaging for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis and we compare novel technologies with conventional MR imaging techniques.

Recent Advances in Physical Approaches for Transdermal Penetration Enhancement

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJessy Shaji ◽  
Dhanila Varkey
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Penetration Enhancement ◽  
Transport Barrier ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Transdermal Penetration

Transdermal delivery offers opportunities for inventive, challenging and valuable research with patient benefits. However, the prominent challenge in designing transdermal drug delivery systems is to overcome the natural transport barrier of the skin, the stratum corneum. Several physical and chemical enhancement techniques have been investigated in the last decade to breach the skin barrier and assist the transport of macromolecules across skin. Recent technological advances in this field include novel combination strategies of penetration enhancement techniques, microneedle array designs, needle-free technologies, nanocarriers, metered dose and microstructured transdermal systems. The present review reports on recent advances in physical approaches towards enhanced transdermal penetration. Enhancement strategies comprehensively covered in this review emphasize the significant achievements gained through successful transdermal delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules, vaccines, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, fluorescent dyes and plasmid delivery. Some commercially available technologies for transdermal delivery have also been covered. These novel technologies hold immense potential to advance further into clinical practice and enable better therapeutic applications and prophylactic interventions for various diseases.

scholarly journals Diets, nutrients, genes and the microbiome: Recent advances in personalised nutrition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Nathan Matusheski ◽  
Aoife Caffrey ◽  
Lars Christensen ◽  
Simon Mezgec ◽  
Shelini Surendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Personalised Nutrition ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Recent Advances

Abstract As individuals seek increasingly individualised nutrition and lifestyle guidance, numerous apps and nutrition programs have emerged. However, complex individual variations in dietary behaviours, genotypes, gene expression and composition of the microbiome are increasingly recognised. Advances in digital tools and artificial intelligence can help individuals more easily track nutrient intakes and identify nutritional gaps. However, the influence of these nutrients on health outcomes can vary widely among individuals depending upon life stage, genetics and microbial composition. For example, folate may elicit favourable epigenetic effects on brain development during a critical developmental time window of pregnancy. Genes affecting vitamin B12 metabolism may lead to cardiometabolic traits that play an essential role in the context of obesity. Finally, an individual’s gut microbial composition can determine their response to dietary fibre interventions during weight loss. These recent advances in understanding can lead to a more complete and integrated approach to promoting optimal health through personalised nutrition, in clinical practise settings and for individuals in their daily lives. The purpose of this review is to summarise presentations made during the DSM Science and Technology Award Symposium at the 13th European Nutrition Conference, which focused on personalised nutrition and novel technologies for health in the modern world.

Recent Advances in High Dispersion Spectroscopy of Globular Cluster Stars

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
Raffaele G. Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Photographic Material ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Metal Abundances ◽  
Ccd Detectors ◽  
Major Progress

The use CCD detectors has allowed a major progress in abundance derivations for globular cluster stars in the last years. Abundances deduced from high dispersion spectra now correlates well with other abundance indicators. I discuss some problems concerning the derivation of accurate metal abundances for globular clusters using high dispersion spectra from both the old photographic and the most recent CCD data. The discrepant low abundances found by Cohen (1980), from photographic material for M71 giants, are found to be due to the use of too high microturbulences.

Chelation-assisted transition metal-catalysed C–H chalcogenylations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Ma ◽  
Nikolaos Kaplaneris ◽  
Xinyue Fang ◽  
Linghui Gu ◽  
Ruhuai Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Site Selectivity ◽  
Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

This review summarizes recent advances in C–S and C–Se formations via transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization utilizing directing groups to control the site-selectivity.

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