Last Interglacial (MIS 5) ungulate assemblage from the Central Iberian Peninsula: The Camino Cave (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid, Spain)

Abstract. This study investigates the response of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation changes during termination II and across the last interglacial, in comparison with termination I and the Holocene. Sediment cores from the central and northern part of the Red Sea were investigated by micropaleontological and geochemical proxies. The recovery of the planktonic foraminiferal fauna following high salinities during MIS 6 took place at similar sea-level stand (~50 m below present day), and with a similar species succession, as during termination I. This indicates a consistent sensitivity of the basin oceanography and the plankton ecology to sea-level forcing. Based on planktonic foraminifera, we find that increased water exchange with the Gulf of Aden especially occurred during the sea-level highstand of interglacial MIS 5e. From MIS 6 to the peak of MIS 5e, northern Red Sea SST increased from 21 °C to 25 °C, with about 3 °C of this increase taking place during termination II. Changes in planktonic foraminiferal assemblages indicate that the development of the Red Sea oceanography during MIS 5 was strongly determined by insolation and monsoon strength. The SW Monsoon summer circulation mode was enhanced during the termination, causing low productivity in northern central Red Sea core KL9, marked by high abundance of G. sacculifer, which – as in the Holocene – followed summer insolation. Core KL11 records the northern tip of the intruding intermediate water layer from the Gulf of Aden and its planktonic foraminifera fauna shows evidence for elevated productivity during the sea-level highstand in the southern central Red Sea. By the time of MIS 5 sea-level regression, elevated organic biomarker BIT values suggest denudation of soil organic matter into the Red Sea and high abundances of G. glutinata, and high reconstructed chlorophyll-a values, indicate an intensified NE Monsoon winter circulation mode. Our results imply that the amplitude of insolation fluctuations, and the resulting monsoon strength, strongly influence the Red Sea oceanography during sea-level highstands by regulating the intensity of water exchange with the Gulf of Aden. These processes are responsible for the observation that MIS 5e/d is characterized by higher primary productivity than the Holocene.

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The last interglacial sea-level record of New Zealand (Aotearoa)

10.5194/essd-2020-288 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Deirdre D. Ryan ◽

Alastair J. H. Clement ◽

Nathan R. Jankowski ◽

Paolo Stocchi

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Sea Level ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

The North ◽

Current State ◽

Marine Terraces ◽

Modern Analogue ◽

Mis 5E ◽

Future Work ◽

Mis 5

Abstract. This paper presents the current state-of-knowledge of the New Zealand (Aotearoa) last interglacial (MIS 5 sensu lato) sea-level record compiled within the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database. Seventy-seven total relative sea-level (RSL) indicators (direct, marine-, and terrestrial-limiting points), commonly in association with marine terraces, were identified from over 120 studies reviewed. Extensive coastal deformation around New Zealand has resulted in a significant range of elevation measurements on both the North Island (276.8 to −94.2 msl) and South Island (173.1 to −70.0 msl) and prompted the use of RSL indicators to estimate rates of vertical land movement; however, indicators lack adequate description and age constraint. Identified RSL indicators are correlated with MIS 5, MIS 5e, MIS 5c, and MIS 5a and indicate the potential for the New Zealand sea-level record to inform sea-level fluctuation and climatic change within MIS 5 (sensu lato). The Northland (North Island) and Otago (South Island) regions, historically considered stable, have the potential to provide a regional sea-level curve in a remote location of the South Pacific across broad degrees of latitude. Future work requires modern analogue information, heights above a defined sea-level datum, better stratigraphic descriptions, and use of improved geochronological methods. The database presented in this study is available open-access at this link: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4056376 (Ryan et al., 2020a).

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Paleoclimate reconstruction in the Levant region from the petrography and the geochemistry of a MIS 5 stalagmite from the Kanaan Cave, Lebanon

Climate of the Past Discussions ◽

10.5194/cpd-11-3241-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 3241-3275 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. Nehme ◽

S. Verheyden ◽

S. R. Noble ◽

A. R. Farrant ◽

J. J. Delannoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Isotopic Composition ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Paleoclimate Reconstruction ◽

Isotopic Records ◽

Mis 5

Abstract. Lying at the transition between the temperate Mediterranean domain and subtropical deserts, the Levant is a key area to study the palaeoclimatic response over glacial-interglacial cycles. This paper presents a precisely dated last interglacial (MIS 5) stalagmite (129–84 ka) from the Kanaan Cave, Lebanon. Variations in growth rate and isotopic records indicate a warm humid phase at the onst of the last interglacial at ~129 ka that lasted until ~125 ka. A gradual shift in speleothem isotopic composition (125–122 ka) is driven mainly by the δ18O source effect of the Eastern Mediterranean surface waters during Sapropel S5. The onset of glacial inception began after ~122 ka, interrupted by a short wet pulse during Sapropel S4. Low growth rates and enriched oxygen and carbon values until ~84 ka indicate a transition to drier conditions during Northern Hemisphere glaciation.

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Ice Complex formation on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago, East Siberian Arctic) since about 200 ka

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1017/qua.2019.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 530-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sebastian Wetterich ◽

Natalia Rudaya ◽

Vladislav Kuznetsov ◽

Fedor Maksimov ◽

Thomas Opel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isotope Composition ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Late Glacial ◽

Interglacial Period ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽

Mis 3 ◽

Transport Patterns ◽

Mis 5 ◽

Ice Complex

AbstractLate Quaternary landscapes of unglaciated Beringia were largely shaped by ice-wedge polygon tundra. Ice Complex (IC) strata preserve such ancient polygon formations. Here we report on the Yukagir IC from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in northeastern Siberia and suggest that new radioisotope disequilibria (230Th/U) dates of the Yukagir IC peat confirm its formation during the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 7a–c interglacial period. The preservation of the ice-rich Yukagir IC proves its resilience to last interglacial and late glacial–Holocene warming. This study compares the Yukagir IC to IC strata of MIS 5, MIS 3, and MIS 2 ages exposed on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island. Besides high intrasedimental ice content and syngenetic ice wedges intersecting silts, sandy silts, the Yukagir IC is characterized by high organic matter (OM) accumulation and low OM decomposition of a distinctive Drepanocladus moss-peat. The Yukagir IC pollen data reveal grass-shrub-moss tundra indicating rather wet summer conditions similar to modern ones. The stable isotope composition of Yukagir IC wedge ice is similar to those of the MIS 5 and MIS 3 ICs pointing to similar atmospheric moisture generation and transport patterns in winter. IC data from glacial and interglacial periods provide insights into permafrost and climate dynamics since about 200 ka.

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A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 490-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Shannon A. Mahan ◽

Harrison J. Gray ◽

Jeffrey S. Pigati ◽

Jim Wilson ◽

Nathaniel A. Lifton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Collagen ◽

Interglacial Period ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Last Interglacial Period ◽

Fossil Site ◽

Shell Carbonate ◽

Mis 5

AbstractThe Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA), provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct high-altitude paleoenvironmental conditions in the Rocky Mountains during the Last Interglacial Period. We used four different techniques to establish a chronological framework for the site. Radiocarbon dating of lake organics, bone collagen, and shell carbonate, and in situ cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al ages on a boulder on the crest of a moraine that impounded the lake suggest that the ages of the sediments that hosted the fossils are between ~140 ka and >45 ka. Uranium-series ages of vertebrate remains generally fall within these bounds, but extremely low uranium concentrations and evidence of open-system behavior limit their utility. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages (n = 18) obtained from fine-grained quartz maintain stratigraphic order, were replicable, and provide reliable ages for the lake sediments. Analysis of the equivalent dose (DE) dispersion of the OSL samples showed that the sediments were fully bleached prior to deposition and low scatter suggests that eolian processes were likely the dominant transport mechanism for fine-grained sediments into the lake. The resulting ages show that the fossil-bearing sediments span the latest part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, all of MIS 5 and MIS 4, and the earliest part of MIS 3.

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Seasonal temperature and moisture changes in interior semi‐arid Spain from the last interglacial to the Late Holocene

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1017/qua.2020.108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Dongyang Wei ◽

Penélope González-Sampériz ◽

Graciela Gil-Romera ◽

Sandy P. Harrison ◽

I. Colin Prentice

Keyword(s):

Late Holocene ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Weighted Averaging ◽

Pollen Record ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Mis 3 ◽

Summer Warming ◽

Temperature Seasonality ◽

Mis 5

Abstract The El Cañizar de Villarquemado pollen record covers the last part of MIS 6 to the Late Holocene. We use Tolerance-Weighted Averaging Partial Least Squares (TWA-PLS) to reconstruct mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCO) and growing degree days above 0°C (GDD0) and the ratio of annual precipitation to annual potential evapotranspiration (MI), accounting for the ecophysiological effect of changing CO2 on water-use efficiency. Rapid summer warming occurred during the Zeifen-Kattegat Oscillation at the transition to MIS 5. Summers were cold during MIS 4 and MIS 2, but some intervals of MIS 3 had summers as warm as the warmest phases of MIS 5 or the Holocene. Winter temperatures declined from MIS 4 to MIS 2. Changes in temperature seasonality within MIS 5 and MIS 1 are consistent with insolation seasonality changes. Conditions became progressively more humid during MIS 5, and MIS 4 was also humid, although MIS 3 was more arid. Changes in MI and GDD0 are anti-correlated, with increased MI during summer warming intervals. Comparison with other records shows glacial-interglacial changes were not unform across the circum-Mediterranean region, but available quantitative reconstructions are insufficient to determine if east-west differences reflect the circulation-driven precipitation dipole seen in recent decades.

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The last interglacial sea-level record of Aotearoa New Zealand

Earth System Science Data ◽

10.5194/essd-13-3399-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3399-3437

Author(s):

Deirdre D. Ryan ◽

Alastair J. H. Clement ◽

Nathan R. Jankowski ◽

Paolo Stocchi

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Sea Level ◽

Active Tectonics ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Isostatic Adjustment ◽

The North ◽

Aotearoa New Zealand ◽

Modern Analogue ◽

Marine Isotope Stage 5 ◽

Mis 5

Abstract. This paper presents the current state of knowledge of the Aotearoa New Zealand last interglacial (marine isotope stage 5, MIS 5, sensu lato) sea-level record compiled within the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database. A total of 77 relative sea-level (RSL) indicators (direct, marine-limiting, and terrestrial-limiting points), commonly in association with marine terraces, were identified from over 120 studies reviewed. Extensive coastal deformation around New Zealand has prompted research focused on active tectonics, the scale of which overprints the sea-level record in most regions. The ranges of last interglacial palaeo-shoreline elevations are significant on both the North Island (276.8 ± 10.0 to −94.2 ± 10.6 ma.m.s.l., above mean sea level) and South Island (165.8 ± 2.0 to −70.0 ± 10.3 ma.m.s.l.) and have been used to estimate rates of vertical land movement; however, in many instances there is a lack of adequate description and age constraint for high-quality RSL indicators. Identified RSL indicators are correlated with MIS 5, MIS 5e, MIS 5c, and MIS 5a and indicate the potential for the New Zealand sea-level record to inform sea-level fluctuation and climatic change within MIS 5. The Northland Region of the North Island and southeastern South Island, historically considered stable, have the potential to provide a regional sea-level curve, minimally impacted by glacio- and hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) and reflecting near-eustatic fluctuations in a remote location of the South Pacific, across broad degrees of latitude; however, additional records from these regions are needed. Future work requires modern analogue information, heights above a defined sea-level datum, better stratigraphic descriptions, and use of improved geochronological methods. The database presented in this study is available open access at this link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4590188 (Ryan et al., 2020a).

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South-western Africa vegetation responses to atmospheric and oceanic changes during the last climatic cycle

Climate of the Past Discussions ◽

10.5194/cpd-11-345-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 345-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. H. Urrego ◽

M. F. Sánchez Goñi ◽

A. L. Daniau ◽

S. Lechevrel ◽

V. Hanquiez

Keyword(s):

Austral Summer ◽

Summer Precipitation ◽

Winter Precipitation ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Austral Winter ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Ice Caps ◽

Western Africa ◽

Mis 5E ◽

Mis 5

Abstract. Terrestrial and marine climatic tracers from marine core MD96-2098 collected in the southwestern African margin and spanning from 194 to 24 (thousand years before present) documented three pronounced expansions of Nama-Karoo and fine-leaved savanna during the last interglacial (Marine Isotopic Stage 5 – MIS 5). Nama-Karoo and fine-leaved savanna expansions were linked to increased aridity during the three warmest substadials of MIS 5. Enhanced aridity potentially resulted from a combination of reduced Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), expanded subtropical high-pressure cells, and reduced austral-summer precipitation due to a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Decreased austral-winter precipitation was likely linked to a southern displacement of the westerlies. In contrast, during glacial isotopic stages MIS 6, 4 and 3, Fynbos expanded at the expense of Nama-Karoo and fine-leaved savanna indicating a relative increase in precipitation probably concentrated during the austral winter months. Our record also suggested that warm-cold or cold-warm transitions between isotopic stages and substages were punctuated by short increases in humidity. Increased aridity during MIS 5e, 5c and 5a warm substages coincided with minima in both precessional index and global ice volume. On the other hand, austral-winter precipitation increases were associated with precession maxima at the time of well-developed northern-hemisphere ice caps.

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A Late Quaternary climate record based on long chain diol proxies from the Chilean margin

10.5194/cp-2018-88 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marijke W. de Bar ◽

Dave J. Stolwijk ◽

Jerry F. McManus ◽

Jaap S. Sinninghe Damste ◽

Stefan Schouten

Keyword(s):

Late Quaternary ◽

Phytoplankton Production ◽

Last Interglacial ◽

Quaternary Climate ◽

Before And After ◽

Primary Focus ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Species Productivity ◽

Mis 5 ◽

Long Chain

Abstract. The primary focus of this study is to test the applicability of different paleoenvironmental proxies based on long chain diols, i.e., the LDI as proxy for past SST, the Diol Index as indicator of past upwelling conditions and the NDI as quantitative proxy for nitrate and phosphate concentrations in seawater. The proxies were analyzed in marine sediments recovered at ODP Site 1234, located within the Peru-Chile upwelling system, with a ~ 2 kyr resolution, covering the last 150 kyrs, i.e., encompassing several glacial and interglacial periods. We also generated TEXH86 and UK´37 temperature and planktonic δ18O records, as well as TOC and accumulation rates (ARs) of TOC and lipid biomarkers (i.e., C37 alkenones, GDGTs, dinosterol and loliolide) to reconstruct past phytoplankton production. The LDI-derived SST record co-varies with TEXH86- and UK´37-derived SST records as well as with the planktonic δ18O record, implying that the LDI reflects past SST variations at this site. TOC and phytoplankton AR records indicate increased export production during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5), simultaneous with a peak in the abundance of preserved Chaetoceros diatoms, suggesting intensified upwelling during this period. The Diol Index is relatively low during the upwelling period, but peaks before and after this period, suggesting that Proboscia diatoms were more dominant before and after the period of upwelling. The NDI reveals the same variations as the Diol Index suggesting that the input of nitrate and phosphate was minimal during upwelling, which is unrealistic. We suggest that the Diol Index should perhaps be considered as an indicator for Proboscia (multiple species) productivity instead of upwelling per se, whereas the NDI likely reflects Proboscia alata productivity, and might therefore not be suitable as a more general paleonutrient proxy.

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