Sex differences in the elevated plus-maze test and large open field test in adult Wistar rats

Ageing is a genetically programmed physiological process that is modulated by numerous environmental factors, associated with decreasing physiological function, decreasing reproductive rate and increasing age-related mortality rate. Maintaining mobility performance and physical function in the elderly is the main objective of the successful ageing concept. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation containing Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol) on motor activity and anxiety with the use of a murine model of old animals, as a means of providing proof for clinical use in the elderly, for enhancing physical strength and improving life quality. Eighteen Sprague Dawley 18 months old male rats were divided into three groups and received corn oil (the control group) or 1 capsule/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 1) or 2 capsules/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 2), for a period of 3 months. The Reverse supplement (Natural Doctor S.A, Athens, Greece) contains 9 mg Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C (200 mg as magnesium ascorbate), zinc (5 mg as zinc citrate), vitamin D3 (50 µg as cholecalciferol) per capsule. Before and after the treatment, the motor function and behavioral changes for anxiety and depression were evaluated using the open-field test, elevated plus-maze test and rotarod test. The supplementation with Reverse (Natural Doctor S.A) supplement can improve the locomotor activity in old rats in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by an increase in the latency to leave from the middle square, in the number of rearings in the open field test, in the time spent in the open arms and time spent in the center in the elevated plus-maze test and the latency to all in all three consecutive trials in the rotarod test. Stress also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, following the treatment with Reverse supplement, as was demonstrated by the decrease in the number of groomings at the open field test and time spent in the dark and the number of groomings at the elevated plus-maze test.

Download Full-text

GPR30 activation decreases anxiety in the open field test but not in the elevated plus maze test in female mice

Brain and Behavior ◽

10.1002/brb3.197 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Divya Anchan ◽

Sara Clark ◽

Kevin Pollard ◽

Nandini Vasudevan

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Female Mice ◽

Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽

Maze Test ◽

Plus Maze

Download Full-text

Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/121794 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽

Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽

Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽

Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽

Carlos M. Contreras

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Chloride Channels ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Gaba Binding ◽

Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

Download Full-text

Oxycodone decreases anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze test in male and female rats

10.1101/2021.12.02.470973 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adriaan W. Bruijnzeel ◽

Azin Behnood-Rod ◽

Wendi Malphurs ◽

Ranjithkumar Chellian ◽

Robert M. Caudle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽

Maze Test ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Plus Maze

AbstractThe prescription opioid oxycodone is widely used for the treatment of pain in humans. Oxycodone misuse is more common among people with an anxiety disorder than those without one. Therefore, oxycodone might be misused for its anxiolytic properties. We investigated if oxycodone affects anxiety-like behavior in adult male and female rats. The rats were treated with oxycodone (0.178, 0.32, 0.56, or 1 mg/kg), and anxiety-like behavior was investigated in the elevated plus-maze test. Immediately after the elevated plus-maze test, a small open field test was conducted to determine the effects of oxycodone on locomotor activity. In the elevated plus-maze test, oxycodone increased the percentage of time spent on the open arms, the percentage of open arm entries, time on the open arms, open arm entries, and the distance traveled. The males treated with vehicle had a lower percentage of open arm entries than the females treated with vehicle, and oxycodone treatment led to a greater increase in the percentage of open arm entries in the males than females. Furthermore, the females spent more time on the open arms, made more open arm entries, spent less time in the closed arms, and traveled a greater distance than the males. In the small open field test, treatment with oxycodone did not affect locomotor activity or rearing. Sex differences were observed; the females traveled a greater distance and displayed more rearing than the males. In conclusion, oxycodone decreases anxiety-like behavior in rats, and oxycodone has a greater anxiolytic-like effect in males than females.

Download Full-text

The novel dipeptide ligand of TASP

Доклады Академии наук ◽

10.31857/s0869-56524842228-232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 484 (2) ◽

pp. 228-232

Author(s):

O. A. Deeva ◽

A. S. Pantileev ◽

I. V. Rybina ◽

M. A. Yarkova ◽

T. A. Gudasheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Anxiolytic Activity ◽

The Novel ◽

Minimum Effective Dose ◽

Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽

Maze Test ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Preliminary Administration

Using the previously obtained first dipeptide ligand TSPO the N‑carbobenzoxy-L‑tryptophanyl-L‑isoleucine amide (GD‑23) as a basis, the new dipeptide was synthesized — the N‑phenylpropionyl–L‑tryptophanyl-L‑leucine amide (GD‑102). GD‑102 expressed anxiolytic activity in the open field test in BALB/c mice and in the elevated plus maze test in ICR mice. The minimum effective dose of GD‑102 was an order of magnitude lower than that of GD‑23. Preliminary administration of the TSPO selective antagonist, compound PK11195, completely blocked the anxiolytic activity of GD‑102, that indicated the participation of TSPO in the realization of the anxiolytic action GD‑102. The results were confirmed by molecular docking data.

Download Full-text

Progesterone withdrawal effects in the open field test can be predicted by elevated plus maze performance

Hormones and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.03.002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 208-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Magnus Löfgren ◽

Inga-Maj Johansson ◽

Bengt Meyerson ◽

Per Lundgren ◽

Torbjörn Bäckström

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Maze Performance ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Withdrawal Effects

Download Full-text

Montanoa frutescensandMontanoa grandifloraExtracts Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior during the Metestrus-Diestrus Phase of the Ovarian Cycle in Wistar Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/938060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽

Julio Vicente-Serna ◽

Luis Alfredo Rodríguez-Blanco ◽

María de Jesús Rovirosa-Hernández ◽

Francisco García-Orduña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Ovarian Cycle ◽

Male Rats ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Estrus Phase

In previous studies, the anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoa tomentosaandMontanoa frutescenswere reported in male rats, but the potential anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoaplants during the different phases of the ovarian cycle in rats remain to be explored. The anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous crude extracts ofM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(25 and 50 mg/kg) in the elevated plus maze were investigated in Wistar rats during the estrous cycle and compared with 2 mg/kg diazepam as a reference anxiolytic drug. To investigate any motor effect (i.e., hyperactivity, no changes, or hypoactivity) associated with the treatments, the rats were evaluated in the open field test. TheM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(50 mg/kg) extracts exerted anxiolytic-like effects during the metestrus-diestrus phase, similar to diazepam, without disrupting spontaneous motor activity. No significant effects of the extracts were detected in either behavioral test during the proestrus-estrus phase, whereas diazepam produced motor hypoactivity in the open field test. These results indicate that theM. frutescensandM. grandifloraextracts possess anxiolytic-like effects that depend on the ovarian cycle phase, supporting the Mexican ancient medicinal use of these plants to ameliorate anxiety disorders.

Download Full-text

Effect of Short Time Exposure of Local ELF-MFs on Sleepiness Induced in Male Rats

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.32598/bcn.2022.2610.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Elnaz Azizi ◽

◽

Fatemeh Ayoobi ◽

Ali Shamsizadeh ◽

Amir Moghadam-Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Male Rats ◽

Time Exposure ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Before And After ◽

Short Time

Introduction: Lack of high-quality sleep causes serious side effects like anxiety and changes in plasma concentration of oxalate. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of local extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on inducing sleep (sleepiness) and anxiety in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were allocated in four groups (n=10). The ELF-MFs exposure (0, 10 and 18 Hz) was applied with intensity 200µT for three days (10 min/day). Sham-treated animal did not receive ELF-MF. Serum level of oxalic acid (OA) and sleepiness were measured both before first and after last exposure to ELF-MF or sham. Anxiety, sleepiness and OA were measured by using elevated plus maze, open-field test (OFT) and ELISA test, respectively. Results: Comparison of oxalate levels between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed that ELF-MF (10 Hz) decreased the serum level of oxalate (p<0.05). Comparison of the percent of open:closed arm entry (in elevated plus maze) between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed significant differences. Also, frequency, velocity and distance moved were decreased in the open-field test. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that ELF-MF with short time exposure may modulate the metabolism of OA and may modulate anxiety-like behavior or kind of induction of sleepiness in male rats.

Download Full-text

Experimental Evaluation of Vitamin - D Supplementation on Memory and Learning Using Different Animal Models in Albino Rat

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i3430969 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 103-110

Author(s):

Namrata Rajendra Pawar ◽

Yogita Surendra Karandikar ◽

Uma Anand Bhosale ◽

Prachi Doiphode

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Radial Arm Maze ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Plus Maze

Aim: We conducted this study with the aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 on spatial learning and memory in healthy young albino rat. Study Design: Experimental evaluation. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital (SKNMCGH), Pune, between October 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: All the pharmacological experiments were conducted using Wistar albino rats (n=6), weighing between 100 g – 150 g. Total 18 animals (9 male and 9 female) were screened and marked into 3 different groups (6 in each group) Control (Normal saline 10 ml/kg), Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol 1000 IU/kg) and standard (Piracetam 200 mg/kg). Drugs were administered per os for 21 days. Elevated Plus Maze (Transfer Latency), Open Field Test (Rearing, Locomotion), Radial Arm Maze (Working and Reference memory) were used as amnesic models and their parameters for evaluation of this study. Results: After 21 days of treatment among all the three groups, Transfer Latency (p=9.55) in elevated plus maze, Working memory (p=0.454) and Reference memory (p=0.929) observed in radial 8 arm maze were non significant. In open field apparatus pellets count was significant (0.010), rest all parameters were non significant. Conclusion: The result of study suggests that no significant beneficial effect of Vitamin D was seen on various learning models as assessed by Elevated Plus Maze, Radial Arm Maze, Open Field Test.

Download Full-text