Assessment on the occupational exposure of urban public bus drivers to bioaccessible trace metals through resuspended fraction of settled bus dust

Ambient air pollution is a major global health problem and commercial drivers are particularly exposed to it. As no systematic assessment of the health risks associated with occupational exposure to ambient air pollution in this population had yet been carried out, we conducted a systematic review using a protocol-driven strategy. Papers published from inception to April 20, 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, African journals online, the Cochrane library, ISRCTN WHO ICTRP, and the Web of Science and Scopus databases were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Original articles with at least an available abstract in English or French were included. The initial search retrieved 1454 published articles of which 20 articles were included. Three studies reported a significant difference in white blood cells (106/L) among commercial motorcyclists compared to rural inhabitants (5.041 ± 1.209 vs. 5.900 ± 1.213, p = 0.001), an increased risk of lung cancer (RR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.5–1.8) in bus drivers and an increased standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in bus drivers from Hodgkin’s lymphoma (SMR 2.17, 95%CI 1.19–3.87) compared to white-collar workers. Other studies also found that drivers had more oxidative DNA damage and chromosome breaks. Four papers failed to demonstrate that the drivers were more exposed to air pollution than the controls. Three other studies also reported no significant difference in lung function parameters and respiratory symptoms. The genetic polymorphisms of detoxifying enzymes were also not homogeneously distributed compared to the controls. There is some evidence that occupational exposure to ambient air pollution among commercial drivers is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the existing literature is limited, with few studies on small sample size, methodological weaknesses, and contradictory findings—thus, further research is recommended.

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Occupational Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration among Bus Drivers

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120004402947 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 44 (29) ◽

pp. 177-180

Author(s):

Rui Bettencourt Melo ◽

Alberto Sérgio Miguel

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Whole Body ◽

Bus Drivers ◽

Body Vibration

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Trace metals in resuspended fraction of settled bus dust and assessment of non-occupational exposure

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.031 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 214-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tingting Lei ◽

Peng Gao ◽

Liming Jia ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Binyu Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Occupational Exposure

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Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: a Systematic Review

10.20944/preprints201808.0215.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Herve Lawin ◽

Lucie Ayi Fanou ◽

Antoine Vikkey Hinson ◽

Marie Stolbrink ◽

Parfait Houngbegnon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Health Risks ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Bus Drivers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Commercial Drivers

Introduction: Ambient air pollution is major global health problem and commercial drivers are particularly exposed to it. No systematic assessment of the health risks associated with occupational exposure to ambient air pollution in this population has been carried out. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using a protocol-driven strategy. Papers published from inception to 20th April 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, African journals online, Cochrane library, ISRCTN and WHO ICTRP databases were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Original articles with at least an available abstract in English or French were included. Results: The initial search retrieved 1454 published articles of which 20 articles were included. 3 Studies reported a significant difference in white blood cells (106/L) among commercial motorcyclists compared to rural inhabitants (5.041±1.209 vs 5.900±1.213,p=0.001), an increased risk of lung cancer (RR=1.6, 95%CI 1.5-1.8) in bus drivers and an increased standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in bus drivers from Hodgkin’s lymphoma (SMR 2.17, 95%CI 1.19-3.87) compared to white collar workers. Other studies also found that drivers had more oxidative DNA damage and chromosome breaks. 4 papers failed to demonstrate that the drivers were more exposed to air pollution than the controls. 3 other studies also reported no significant difference in lung function parameters and respiratory symptoms. The genetic polymorphisms of detoxifying enzymes were not also homogeneously distributed compared to the controls. Conclusion: There is some evidence that occupational exposure to ambient air pollution among commercial drivers is associated with adverse health outcomes but the existing literature is limited with few studies of small sample size, methodological weaknesses and contradictory findings. Further research is recommended.

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XRF and PIXE Analysis of light and Dark Adapted Ocular Tissue

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053619 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 190-191

Author(s):

B. J. Panessa ◽

H. W. Kraner ◽

J. B. Warren ◽

K. W. Jones

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Nerve Impulse ◽

Light Response ◽

Ocular Tissue ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Retinol Dehydrogenase ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Optimal Function

During photoexcitation the retina requires specific electrolytes and trace metals for optimal function (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, S, P, Cu and Zn). According to Hagins (1981), photoexcitation and generation of a nerve impulse involves the movement of Ca from the rhodopsin-ladened membranes of the rod outer segment (ROS) to the plasmalemma, which in turn decreases the in-flow of Na into the photoreceptor, resulting in hyperpolarization. In toad isolated retinas, the presence of Ba has been found to increase the amplitude and prolong the delay of the light response (Brown and Flaming, 1978). Trace metals such as Cu, Zn and Se are essential for the activity of the metalloenzymes of the retina and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) (i.e. carbonic anhydrase, retinol dehydrogenase, tyrosinase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase...). Therefore the content and fluctuations of these elements in the retina and choroid are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of vision. This paper presents elemental data from light and dark adapted frog ocular tissues examined by electron beam induced x-ray microanalysis, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE).

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Identifying Sources of Sulfate Aerosols Reaching Whiteface Mountain, NY

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117546 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

James S. Webber

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Acid Deposition ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Coal Combustion ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Sulfate Aerosols ◽

Wet And Dry Deposition ◽

Whiteface Mountain ◽

Toxic Trace Metals

INTRODUCTION“Acid rain” and “acid deposition” are terms no longer confined to the lexicon of atmospheric scientists and 1imnologists. Public awareness of and concern over this phenomenon, particularly as it affects acid-sensitive regions of North America, have increased dramatically in the last five years. Temperate ecosystems are suffering from decreased pH caused by acid deposition. Human health may be directly affected by respirable sulfates and by the increased solubility of toxic trace metals in acidified waters. Even man's monuments are deteriorating as airborne acids etch metal and stone features.Sulfates account for about two thirds of airborne acids with wet and dry deposition contributing equally to acids reaching surface waters or ground. The industrial Midwest is widely assumed to be the source of most sulfates reaching the acid-sensitive Northeast since S02 emitted as a byproduct of coal combustion in the Midwest dwarfs S02 emitted from all sources in the Northeast.

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