Seasonal and spatial variations in the chemical components and the cellular effects of particulate matter collected in Northern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 1627-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lyu ◽  
Shu Su ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Xilong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations

Seasonal variation and risk assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in the ambient air of Kenitra, Morocco

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounia Tahri ◽  
Abdelfettah Benchrif ◽  
Moussa Bounakhla ◽  
Fouad Benyaich ◽  
Yves Noack
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
One Year

The seasonal and spatial variations of particulate matter (PM2.5–10 and PM2.5) and its chemical composition have been studied over a one-year (2007–2008) in Kenitra city, located in northern Morocco.

Contribution of large bacteria to bacterial biomass in a deep freshwater lake (Lake Biwa, Japan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
S Shen ◽  
Y Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates ◽  
Bacterial Productivity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations

Despite the importance of bacterial cell volume in microbial ecology in aquatic environments, literature regarding the effects of seasonal and spatial variations on bacterial cell volume remains scarce. We used transmission electron microscopy to examine seasonal and spatial variations in bacterial cell size for 18 mo in 2 layers (epilimnion 0.5 m and hypolimnion 60 m) of Lake Biwa, Japan, a large and deep freshwater lake. During the stratified period, we found that the bacterial cell volume in the hypolimnion ranged from 0.017 to 0.12 µm3 (median), whereas that in the epilimnion was less variable (0.016 to 0.033 µm3, median) and much lower than that in the hypolimnion. Additionally, in the hypolimnion, cell volume during the stratified period was greater than that during the mixing period (up to 5.7-fold). These differences in cell volume resulted in comparable bacterial biomass in the hypolimnion and epilimnion, despite the fact that there was lower bacterial abundance in the hypolimnion than in the epilimnion. We also found that the biomass of larger bacteria, which are not likely to be grazed by heterotrophic nanoflagellates, increased in the hypolimnion during the stratified period. Our data suggest that estimation of carbon flux (e.g. bacterial productivity) needs to be interpreted cautiously when cell volume is used as a constant parametric value. In deep freshwater lakes, a difference in cell volume with seasonal and spatial variation may largely affect estimations.

scholarly journals Exposure to chemical components of fine particulate matter and ozone, and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in Tokyo: a register-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Michikawa ◽  
Seiichi Morokuma ◽  
Shin Yamazaki ◽  
Akinori Takami ◽  
Seiji Sugata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Network Database ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

Abstract Background Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with pregnancy complications. However, we still lack comprehensive evidence regarding which specific chemical components of PM2.5 are more harmful for maternal and foetal health. Objective We focused on exposure over the first trimester (0–13 weeks of gestation), which includes the early placentation period, and investigated whether PM2.5 and its components were associated with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (combined outcome of small for gestational age, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and stillbirth). Methods From 2013 to 2015, we obtained information, from the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database, on 83,454 women who delivered singleton infants within 23 Tokyo wards (≈627 km2). Using daily filter sampling of PM2.5 at one monitoring location, we analysed carbon and ion components, and assigned the first trimester average of the respective pollutant concentrations to each woman. Results The ORs of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were 1.14 (95% CI = 1.08–1.22) per 0.51 μg/m3 (interquartile range) increase of organic carbon and 1.11 (1.03–1.18) per 0.06 μg/m3 increase of sodium. Organic carbon was also associated with four individual complications. There was no association between ozone and outcome. Significance There were specific components of PM2.5 that have adverse effects on maternal and foetal health.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Pollution Parameters and Chemical Components of PM2.5 on Health of Residents of Xinxiang City, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6821
Author(s):  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Tengfei Li ◽  
Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Blood Routine

The present study was planned to explore the pollution characteristics, health risks, and influence of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its components on blood routine parameters in a typical industrial city (Xinxiang City) in China. In this study, 102 effective samples 28 (April–May), 19 (July–August), 27 (September–October), 28 (December–January) of PM2.5 were collected during different seasons from 2017 to 2018. The water-soluble ions and metal elements in PM2.5 were analyzed via ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The blood routine physical examination parameters under different polluted weather conditions from January to December 2017 and 2018, the corresponding PM2.5 concentration, temperature, and relative humidity during the same period were collected from Second People’s Hospital of Xinxiang during 2017–2018. Risk assessment was carried out using the generalized additive time series model (GAM). It was used to analyze the influence of PM2.5 concentration and its components on blood routine indicators of the physical examination population. The “mgcv” package in R.3.5.3 statistical software was used for modeling and analysis and used to perform nonparametric smoothing on meteorological indicators such as temperature and humidity. When Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) value is the smallest, the goodness of fit of the model is the highest. Additionally, the US EPA exposure model was used to evaluate the health risks caused by different heavy metals in PM2.5 to the human body through the respiratory pathway, including carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk. The result showed that the air particulate matter and its chemical components in Xinxiang City were higher in winter as compared to other seasons with an overall trend of winter > spring > autumn > summer. The content of nitrate (NO3−) and sulfate (SO42−) ions in the atmosphere were higher in winter, which, together with ammonium, constitute the main components of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Xinxiang City. Source analysis reported that mobile pollution sources (coal combustion emissions, automobile exhaust emissions, and industrial emissions) in Xinxiang City during the winter season contributed more to atmospheric pollution as compared to fixed sources. The results of the risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals in fine particulate matter is acceptable to the human body, while among the carcinogenic elements, the order of lifetime carcinogenic risk is arsenic (As) > chromium(Cr) > cadmium (Cd) > cobalt(Co) > nickel (Ni). During periods of haze pollution, the exposure concentration of PM2.5 has a certain lag effect on blood routine parameters. On the day when haze pollution occurs, when the daily average concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 μg·m−3, hemoglobin (HGB) and platelet count (PLT) increase, respectively, by 9.923% (95% CI, 8.741–11.264) and 0.068% (95% CI, 0.067–0.069). GAM model analysis predicted the maximum effect of PM2.5 exposure concentration on red blood cell count (RBC) and PLT was reached when the hysteresis accumulates for 1d (Lag0). The maximum effect of exposure concentration ofPM2.5 on MONO is reached when the lag accumulation is 3d (Lag2). When the hysteresis accumulates for 6d (Lag5), the exposure concentration of PM2.5 has the greatest effect on HGB. The maximum cumulative effect of PM2.5 on neutrophil count (NEUT) and lymphocyte (LMY) was strongest when the lag was 2d (Lag1). During periods of moderate to severe pollution, the concentration of water-soluble ions and heavy metal elements in PM2.5 increases significantly and has a significant correlation with some blood routine indicators.

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