Intracellular water in Artemia cysts (brine shrimp)

An immunodetection assay on Western blots has been used to determine the thiol proteinase content and composition in cysts from 12 populations of the brine shrimp Artemia. Our results showed no differences in the subunit composition of the thiol proteinase among cysts from eight bisexual strains and four parthenogenic strains, and confirmed an earlier finding that the proteinase is composed of two subunits of 25.9 and 31.5 kilodaltons. In contrast, we found that Artemia cysts from parthenogenic strains contain 17.1 ng/cyst of the thiol proteinase, while cysts from bisexual strains contain 8.2 ng/cyst of the thiol proteinase. Also, there was a good linear correlation (r = 0.863; p < 0.001) between the thiol proteinase content and cyst mass. Embryo fractionation experiments showed that 82% of the thiol proteinase was in the cytosol, while 14 and 4%, respectively, were in the nuclei/yolk platelets and mitochondria/lysosome fractions. Measurements of the thiol proteinase content of developing Artemia embryos showed that the proteinase content was relatively constant during early development, suggesting that the activity of the thiol proteinase gene(s) may be constitutive and not developmentally regulated in Artemia embryos.Key words: Artemia, proteinase, development, cathepsin B, Western blotting.

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THE CAPABILITY OF BRINE SHRIMP TEST AS A TERATOGENICITY SCREENING SYSTEM

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16511 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 454

Author(s):

Meti Widiya Lestari ◽

Andreanus A Soemardji ◽

Irda Fidrianny ◽

Ayda T Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Valproic Acid ◽

Body Length ◽

Screening Test ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Chemical Characteristic ◽

Test Substance ◽

Screening System ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artemia Cysts ◽

Seawater Medium

ABSTRACTObjectives: The goals of this study were to analyze the capability of brine shrimp test (BST) as a potent teratogenicity screening system on teratogenicagents (methotrexate, captopril, diclofenac, phenytoin, warfarin, and valproic acid).Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into 1st stage nauplii, then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until2nd stage, 3rd stage, and 4th stage, and number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development were observed for each stage.Results: Hatch ability of cysts in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid2.5 mg/ml were significantly different compared to control (p<0.05). Nauplii survival in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalitieswas found in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were expressed in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml,captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml. Significant difference in body length was presentedin captopril 0.25 mg/ml, and phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml compared to control (p<0.05).Conclusion: BST can be used as an alternative method of the teratogenic screening test, although not as sensitive teratogenic tests on mammals. Thisscreening method was not suitable for a compound which its chemical characteristic can change the tonicity of the medium.Keywords: Brine shrimp test, Teratogenicity, Methotrexate, Captopril, Diclofenac, Phenytoin, Warfarin, Valproic acid.

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BRINE SHRIMP TERATOGENIC SCREENING TEST ON SOME SELECTED PLANTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18861 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Meti Widiya Lestari ◽

Irda Fidrianny ◽

Ayda T Yusuf ◽

Andreanus A Soemardji

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Screening Test ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Test Substance ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Morphological Abnormalities ◽

Third Stage ◽

Elephantopus Scaber ◽

Artemia Cysts

Objectives: The aims of this research were to analyze teratogenic properties on some selected plants which often used for woman’s health were pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pericarp, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds, liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) leaves, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) seeds, and kaempferia (Kaempferia galanga L.) rhizomes using brine shrimp teratogenic screening test (BSTST) method.Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into first stage nauplii then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until the second stage, third stage, and fourth stage and then observed number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development for each stage.Results: Hatchability of cysts in fennel seeds compared extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extract 6 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). Survival nauplii in fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml and liman leaves extracts 6 and 3 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalities were exposed on coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, liman leaves extract 6 mg/ml, and pomegranate rinds extract 3 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were presented on fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extracts 1 and 0.25 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 3 and 1.5 mg/ml. Nauplii body length on plants extract showed no significantly difference compared to control.Conclusion: Based on BSTST, fennel seed and pomegranate rind extracts had no teratogenic effect, kaempferia rhizomes act as larvicide its analog in mamalia as embryo lethal, while coriander seeds and liman leaves extracts potentially had teratogenic properties.

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Observations of chemical shift of nuclei of intracellular water in cysts of the brine shrimp (Artemia)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1016/0730-725x(84)90039-0 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

C.F. Hazlewood ◽

S.R. Kasturi ◽

L.W. Dennis ◽

W.S. Yamanashi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Shift ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Intracellular Water

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The Nature and Origin of Chemical Shift for Intracellular Water Nuclei in Artemia Cysts

Biophysical Journal ◽

10.1016/s0006-3495(87)83212-5 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 249-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.R. Kasturi ◽

C.F. Hazlewood ◽

W.S. Yamanashi ◽

L.W. Dennis

Keyword(s):

Chemical Shift ◽

Intracellular Water ◽

Artemia Cysts

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Variability of size characteristics and survival of the nauplii of Crimean brine shrimp Artemia spp. (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) feeding on different species of microalgae

Marine Biological Journal ◽

10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 91-99

Author(s):

D. Yu. Smirnov ◽

L. O. Aganesova ◽

A. N. Khanaychenko

Keyword(s):

Marine Fish ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Average Length ◽

Isochrysis Galbana ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Live Food ◽

Essential Components ◽

Size Growth ◽

Artemia Cysts

Nauplii of brine shrimps Artemia spp. (Branchiopod: Anostraca) are one of the main species of live food used in marine fish larviculture. Specialized formulated enrichments or microalgae containing essential components for fish larvae are routinely used for improvement of biochemical composition of Artemia. Size, growth rate and survival of nauplii and metanauplii are important when Artemia is used as a live food. The goal of this study was to carry out comparative analysis of size characteristics and survival of metanauplii of the Crimean brine shrimp (produced by “Artemia cysts” company) feeding on different species of microalgae. Nauplii were hatched in accordance with the generally accepted procedure. Microalgae of different taxons – Isochrysis galbana, Prorocentrum micans, Gymnodinium wulffii, Prorocentrum cordatum, Tetraselmis suecica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum – were used for feeding metanauplii. The average diameter of dry Artemia cysts was 0.230 mm. The average length and width of nauplii were 0.473 and 0.150 mm, respectively. The average length of 1-day old metanauplii fed on T. suesica [(0,698 ± 0,014) mm] was significantly less than that of 1-day metanauplii fed on I. galbana, P. micans, G. wulfii, and Ph. tricornutum (P < 0.05). The average length and width of the 2-day and 3-days old metanauplii fed on I. galbana (1.19 and 0.324; 1.53 and 0.47 mm, respectively) were significantly larger than those of metanauplii fed on Ph. tricornutum, T. suesica, P. micans, and P. cordatum. Metanauplii fed on P. cordatum were significantly smaller than those fed on other diets. The survival of metanauplii fed on P. cordatum, P. micans, and T. suecica was the highest (above 95 %). The combination of the smallest sizes and highest survival rate of metanauplii fed on P. cordatum (microalgae with high DHA/EPA content) assumes the use on metanauplii as an experimental live food for marine fish larvae.

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Decapsulation of Artemia cysts: A simple technique for the improvement of the use of brine shrimp in aquaculture

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/0044-8486(77)90209-5 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 311-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Patrick Sorgeloos ◽

Etienne Bossuyt ◽

Einstein Laviña ◽

Marité Baeza-Mesa ◽

Guido Persoone

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Simple Technique ◽

Artemia Cysts

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Influence of hydrometeorological factors on the ecological state of the hypersaline lake Saki (Crimea) in 2017–2018

Ecosystem Transformation ◽

10.23859/estr-200408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Irina I. Rudneva ◽

Viktor V. Chaban ◽

Miroslava A. Golub ◽

Valentin G. Shayda ◽

Anton V. Shcerba

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Content ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Salt Lake ◽

Warm Season ◽

Cold Season ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Hypersaline Lake ◽

Ecological State ◽

Hydrochemical Parameters ◽

Artemia Cysts

In order to identify the influence of hydrometeorological conditions on the seasonal changes in the ecological state of the salt Lake Saki (Crimea), the dynamics of hydrochemical parameters of wa-ter (salinity, oxygen content, temperature, pH, Eh) and changes in the population of the brine shrimp Artemia salina L., as well as the proportion of hatching nauplii from cysts were studied in 2017 and 2018. A decrease in oxygen content and an increase in brine salinity in the summer were accompanied by an increase in air temperature and water temperature; the interannual differ-ences of these parameters were preconditioned by the hydrome-teorological peculiarities. Artemia cysts were found in the water column throughout the year; the nauplii appeared in February – March; the maximum abundance of all life stages of brine shrimp was noted in May. The proportion of hatching nauplii from cysts collected in the cold season was significantly higher than that in the warm season. The observed patterns are discussed as a pos-sible source for analyzing the transformation of hyperhaline eco-systems within the ongoing climate change and for developing the guidelines for the optimal commercial use of the mineral and biological resources of such ecosystems.

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Fractographic Studies of Biological Specimens by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051608 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 318-319

Author(s):

Walter J. Humphreys

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Dense Body ◽

Mechanical Deformation ◽

Structural Components ◽

Ion Etching ◽

Artemia Cysts ◽

Fractured Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

Some organisms remain viable even after the cytoplasm of their cells is dried out. Naturally dried cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia, e. g. hatch normally even after further desiccation by weeks of exposure to a vacuum of 10- torr. If such organisms are fractured at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (in order to minimize mechanical deformation) direct viewing of the exposed intracellular cytoplasmic constituents by means of the SEM probably gives a faithful, unaltered picture of this cryptobiotic cytoplasm as it exists in nature. Ion etching the fractured surface can exaggerate physical differences in structural components within intracellular constituents. Certain yolk particles in Artemia cysts e. g. consists of an aggregation of very electron dense particles centered inside a less electron dense body (Fig. 1). These particles are identifiable in fractured yolk bodies (Arrow Fig. 2) but more dramatically so after ion etching (Arrows Fig. 3).

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