scholarly journals Antibiotic treatment duration for bacteraemic pneumonia

The Lancet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 398 (10310) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Guillaume Butler-Laporte ◽  
Alex Halme ◽  
Camille Simard
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment Duration

scholarly journals Non-responder phenotype reveals apparent microbiome-wide antibiotic tolerance in the murine gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Diener ◽  
Anna C. H. Hoge ◽  
Sean M. Kearney ◽  
Ulrike Kusebauch ◽  
Sushmita Patwardhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Efflux Transporters ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Community Tolerance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment Duration

AbstractBroad spectrum antibiotics cause both transient and lasting damage to the ecology of the gut microbiome. Antibiotic-induced loss of gut bacterial diversity has been linked to susceptibility to enteric infections. Prior work on subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment in humans and non-human animals has suggested that entire gut communities may exhibit tolerance phenotypes. In this study, we validate the existence of these community tolerance phenotypes in the murine gut and explore how antibiotic treatment duration or a diet enriched in antimicrobial phytochemicals might influence the frequency of this phenotype. Almost a third of mice exhibited whole-community tolerance to a high dose of the β-lactam antibiotic cefoperazone, independent of antibiotic treatment duration or dietary phytochemical amendment. We observed few compositional differences between non-responder microbiota during antibiotic treatment and the untreated control microbiota. However, gene expression was vastly different between non-responder microbiota and controls during treatment, with non-responder communities showing an upregulation of antimicrobial tolerance genes, like efflux transporters, and a down-regulation of central metabolism. Future work should focus on what specific host- or microbiome-associated factors are responsible for tipping communities between responder and non-responder phenotypes so that we might learn to harness this phenomenon to protect our microbiota from routine antibiotic treatment.

Association of Antibiotic Treatment Duration With Recurrence of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-766
Author(s):  
Titilola M. Afolabi ◽  
Kellie J. Goodlet ◽  
Kathleen A. Fairman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment Duration ◽  
New Onset

Background: Gaps and inconsistencies in published information about optimal antibiotic treatment duration for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients pose a dilemma for antibiotic stewardship. Objective: Evaluate the association of antibiotic treatment duration with recurrence rates in children with new-onset cystitis or pyelonephritis. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged 2 to 17 years with new-onset cystitis or pyelonephritis and without renal/anatomical abnormality was conducted using Truven Health MarketScan Database for 2013-2015. Results: Of 7698 patients, 85.5% had cystitis, 14.3% pyelonephritis. Duration of antibiotic treatment was as follows: 3 to 5 days for cystitis (20.4%) or 7 (33.6%), 10 (44.2%), or 14 (1.8%) days for any UTI. Recurrence occurred in 5.5% of patients. Covariates associated with increased recurrence risk included pretreatment antibiotic exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.06-1.57), pyelonephritis on diagnosis date (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.03-2.00), follow-up visit during antibiotic treatment (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 2.20-4.68), parenteral antibiotic (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.33-2.69), and interaction of pyelonephritis diagnosis with nitrofurantoin monotherapy (OR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.20-11.29). After adjustment for covariates, the association between duration of antibiotic treatment and recurrence was not significant (compared with 7 days: 10 days: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.85-1.33; 14 days: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.45-1.78). Conclusions and Relevance: Antibiotic treatment duration was not significantly associated with recurrence of uncomplicated UTI in a national pediatric cohort. Results provide support for shorter-course treatment, consistent with antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

Excess Antibiotic Treatment Duration and Adverse Events in Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Vaughn ◽  
Scott A. Flanders ◽  
Ashley Snyder ◽  
Anna Conlon ◽  
Mary A.M. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment Duration

Use of Procalcitonin to Shorten Antibiotic Treatment Duration in Septic Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandack Nobre ◽  
Stephan Harbarth ◽  
Jean-Daniel Graf ◽  
Peter Rohner ◽  
Jérôme Pugin
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment Duration
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