Exploiting the differential production of angiogenic factors within the tumor microenvironment in the design of a novel vascular-targeted gene therapy-based approach to the treatment of cancer

: The breast tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes drug resistance through an elaborated interaction of TME components mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite a massive accumulation of data concerning the targeting the ROS, but little is known about the ROS-responsive nanomedicine for targeting breast TME. This review submits the ROS landscape in breast TME, including ROS biology, ROS mediated carcinogenesis, reprogramming of stromal and immune cells of TME. We also discussed ROS-based precision strategies for imaging TME, including molecular imaging techniques with advanced probes, multiplexed methods, and multi-omic profiling strategies. ROS-responsive nanomedicine also describes various therapies, such as chemo-dynamic, photodynamic, photothermal, sono-dynamic, immune, and gene therapy for BC. We expound ROS-responsive primary delivery systems for chemotherapeutics, phytochemicals, and immunotherapeutics. This review also presents recent updates on nano-theranostics for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of BCs. We assume that review on this advancing field will be beneficial to the development of ROS-based nanotheranostics for BC.

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Exosomes: Structure, Biogenesis, Types and Application in Diagnosis and Gene and Drug Delivery

Current Gene Therapy ◽

10.2174/1566523220999200731011702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 195-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shriya Agarwal ◽

Vinayak Agarwal ◽

Mugdha Agarwal ◽

Manisha Singh

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Biological Membrane ◽

Gene Isolation ◽

Delivery Vehicle ◽

Scientific Communities ◽

Therapeutic Regime ◽

Targeted Gene Therapy ◽

Delivery Mechanism

Abstract: In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied. However, the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a shuttle carrying genetic information between cells has gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site-specific and efficient drug delivery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in the last few decades on using exosome-mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of a higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets that contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes.

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