Inducible amp C β-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli from blood stream infections: Frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology in a national surveillance program (SCOPE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Steven A. Marshall ◽  
Stacy L. Coffman ◽  
Richard J. Hollis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative

Prevalence and antibiogram of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli in blood stream infections: Study in a tertiary care centre, Western Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552097929
Author(s):  
Tarana Sarwat ◽  
Mariyah Yousuf ◽  
Ambreen S Khan ◽  
Dalip K Kakru ◽  
Renu Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging as important cause of blood stream infections. We aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of NFGNB isolated from blood of patients with sepsis. We found, in 176 patients, the most common to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa (74) and Acinetobacter baumanii complex (39) followed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (16), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (6), Burkholderia cepacia (5) and Ochrobactrum anthropic (1). Generally, organisms showed a good sensitivity towards colistin, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, whereas cephalosporins were ineffective.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Two-year Retrospective Study from Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bassey Ewa Ekeng ◽  
Ubleni Ettah Emanghe ◽  
Bernard Ekpan Monjol ◽  
Anthony Achizie Iwuafor ◽  
Ernest Afu Ochang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Positive

Aim: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of causative microorganisms varies from one geographical region to another. This study was aimed at determining the etiological agents prevalent in our environment and their susceptibility profile. Study design: This is a retrospective study carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Methodology: Blood culture results of patients documented over a two-year period were retrieved and analyzed. Blood culture positive isolates were detected using conventional method and Oxoid signal blood culture systems. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) was detected by disk diffusion method using 30 µg cefoxitin disk. ESBL production was detected by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the double disc synergy test (DDST). Results: A total of 413 blood culture antimicrobial susceptibility test results were analyzed, of which 116 (28.09%) were identified as culture positive. Sixty-nine (59%) of the positive isolates were from female patients. Out of 116 positive cultures, 58.62% (68/116) were Gram positive organisms, 40.52% (47/116) were Gram negative organisms, non albicans Candida accounted for 0.86% (1/116).  Staphylococcus aureus (n=41, 35.3%) was the predominant isolate and showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin (100%), Linezolid (100%) and Amikacin (100%). Twelve isolates of S. aureus were methicillin resistant, while 1 isolate was inducible clindamycin resistant. Of the 116 isolates identified in this study, forty-three (43) were multidrug resistant with highest number of multidrug resistant isolates from Staphylococcus aureus (n=20). 21.28% (n=10) of the Gram-negative isolates were positive for extended spectrum beta lactamases. Conclusion: A high rate of antimicrobial resistance is observed among microorganisms causing blood stream infections. This emphasizes the need for antimicrobial sensitivity testing in the management of blood stream infections.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of ertapenem against gram-negative bacilli isolated from blood stream infections in cancer patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S61-S62
Author(s):  
George J. Alangaden ◽  
Elias Manavathu ◽  
Jessica Cutright ◽  
Pranatharthi Chandrasekar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Impact of Accelerate Pheno System on Time to Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention in Patients with Gram-Negative Blood Stream Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S627-S628
Author(s):  
Gerald Elliott ◽  
Michael Postelnick ◽  
David Martin ◽  
Viktorija Barr ◽  
Michael Malczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative

Defining Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infections Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3042-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Lukenbill ◽  
Lisa Rybicki ◽  
Mikkael A. Sekeres ◽  
Megan DiGiorgio ◽  
Thomas Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Streptococcus Viridans ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Abstract 3042 Central line-associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) surveillance is increasingly utilized as an objective measure of quality of care provided by individual hospitals. CLABSI is defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) as a primary bloodstream infection (BSI) in a patient with a central line within the 48-hour period before the development of the BSI (NHSN CLABSI). This traditional definition of CLABSI includes pathogens better described as hospital-acquired blood stream infections (HABSI), such as enteric gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and streptococcus viridans - pathogens inherently more common in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) due to the resultant neutropenia and disruption of mucosal barriers, and unlikely to be line-related. To avoid this misclassification, we have developed a modified CLABSI definition (MCLABSI) which excludes HABSI (DiGiorgio, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 33: 865–8, 2012). MCLABSI includes all of the pathogens under the NHSN definition of CLABSI except Viridans group streptococci species in patients with mucositis, and Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, or Candida species in patients with neutropenia or graft-vs-host disease of the gut. We compared the incidence of CLABSI and its impact on survival using both definitions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients undergoing SCT. AML and MDS patients undergoing HCT between August 2009 and December 2011 were identified from the Cleveland Clinic Unified Transplant Database, and NHSN CLABSI and MCLABSI rates were obtained from the infection control database. CLABSI incidence was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method, and risk factors for mortality were identified using stepwise Cox proportional hazards analyses. Of the 73 patients identified (median age 52, range 16–70), 48 were male, 44 had AML, and 29 MDS. Patients received a median of 2 prior chemotherapy regimens (range 0–6), 3 had prior radiation, and 6 had prior transplant. 54 underwent myeloablative and 19 reduced-intensity preparative regimens; stem cell source included bone marrow (BM, n=34), peripheral stem cells (PSC, n=24), and cord blood cells (CBC, n=15). The median CD34+ count was 2.42 × 106/kg and median time to neutrophil recovery (absolute neutrophil count > 500/μL) was 14 days (range 6–24) with BM/PSC and 28 days (range 19–77) with CBC. Most (88%) had mucositis, including 17 (28%) with grade 3 or 4. Twenty-three (31.5%) developed NHSN CLABSI, compared to 8 (11.0%) who developed MCLABSI following HCT, of whom 16 (69.6%) and 7 (87.5%) died, respectively. The majority (16/23) of NHSN CLABSI occurred within 14 days (median 9 days, range 2–211 days) of HCT (Figure), varying from a median of 5 days (range 2–12 days) for CBC and 78 days for BM/PSC (range 7–211 days, p<.001). Pathogens in NHSN CLABSI included 11 enteric Gram-negative bacilli, 7 Streptococcus viridans group, 6 enterococcus (3 vancomycin resistant), 5 Staphylococcus (3 methicillin resistant), 2 fungal species, 2 Gram-positive bacilli, 1 Pseudomonas, 1 other Streptococcus species, and 1 Stenotrophomonas. MCLABSI occurred a median of 12 days (range 5–176 days) from HCT (Figure), 7 days for CBC (range 5–12 days) compared to 77 days (range 13–176 days) for BM/PSC (p<.001). Pathogens isolated in MCLABSI included 5 Staphylococcal species (3 MRSE), 2 Streptococcus viridans group, 2 GPB, 1 VRE, and 1 Pseudomonas. 4 NHSN CLABSI and 2 MCLABSI were polymicrobial, and 4 patients had recurrent CLABSI (all of whom died, including 3 MCLABSI). When NHSN CLABSI was analyzed as a time-varying covariate in univariable analysis, it was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 3.72, 95% CI 1.88 – 7.36, p<.001), as was MCLABSI (HR 2.96, CI 1.27–6.89, p=.012). CLABSI remained a significant risk factor for mortality in multivariable analysis, by both the NHSN (HR 7.14, CI 3.31 – 15.31, p<.001) and MCLABSI (HR 6.44, CI 2.28–18.18, p<.001) definitions. CLABSI is a common complication in AML and MDS patients undergoing SCT, and is associated with decreased survival. CLABSI is identified less commonly with the exclusion of HABSI in the modified definition, which more precisely identifies patients with BSI related to their central lines. The distinction between these definitions is important to guide preventative infectious control measures, particularly given CLABSI's role as a quality measure influencing reimbursement. Disclosures: Hill: Teva Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus blood stream infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahoko Ikeda ◽  
Yuka Yagihara ◽  
Keita Tatsuno ◽  
Mitsuhiro Okazaki ◽  
Shu Okugawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Stream Infections
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