Making Good on a Promise: The Impact of Larger Social Structures on Commitments

2005 ◽  
pp. 93-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Stryker ◽  
Richard T. Serpe ◽  
Matthew O. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Characteristics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe: Focus on Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2942
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gabutti ◽  
Erica d’Anchera ◽  
Francesco De Motoli ◽  
Marta Savio ◽  
Armando Stefanati
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
World Population ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Starting from December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has forcefully entered our lives and profoundly changed all the habits of the world population. The COVID-19 pandemic has violently impacted the European continent, first involving only some European countries, Italy in particular, and then spreading to all member states, albeit in different ways and times. The ways SARS-CoV-2 spreads are still partly unknown; to quantify and adequately respond to the pandemic, various parameters and reporting systems have been introduced at national and European levels to promptly recognize the most alarming epidemiological situations and therefore limit the impact of the virus on the health of the population. The relevant key points to implement adequate measures to face the epidemic include identifying the population groups most involved in terms of morbidity and mortality, identifying the events mostly related to the spreading of the virus and recognizing the various viral mutations. The main objective of this work is to summarize the epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and Italy almost a year after the first reported case in our continent. The secondary objectives include the definition of the epidemiological parameters used to monitor the epidemic, the explanation of superspreading events and the description of how the epidemic has impacted on health and social structures, with a particular focus on Italy.

Centre/ing decolonial feminist psychology in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shose Kessi ◽  
Floretta Boonzaier
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Feminist Psychology ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Psychology as a discipline has historically served the interests of dominant groups in society. By contrast, contemporary trends in psychological work have emerged as a direct result of the impact of violent histories of slavery, genocide and colonisation. Hence, we propose that psychology, particularly in its social forms, as a discipline centred on the relationship between mind and society, is well placed to produce the critical knowledge and tools for imagining and promoting just and equitable social relationships and social structures. Starting with an overview of the historical assumptions of the discipline that served to legitimate systems of slavery, colonisation and apartheid, this article then introduces a framework for centring decolonial, feminist ways of doing psychological work with a focus on the particularities of the African context. We argue that a decolonial feminist approach to psychology curricula and psychological research is necessary for the discipline to remain relevant in contemporary African contexts.

scholarly journals 4127 Achieving health equity in translational research: Applying critical race theory in workforce curricula to address disparity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Kristina Gern Johnson ◽  
Karen C. Johnston ◽  
Jennifer Phillips ◽  
Maryellen Gusic
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
List Type ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Learners will: Identify social structures that serve as root causes of health disparitiesCritically evaluate the ways in which racism, culture, and power perpetuate disparityUse critical reflection to shape their research and advocate for institutional changeMETHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Integrated Translational Health Research Institute of Virginia (iTHRIV) Health Equity curriculum provides a lens for participants to view health disparities, social structures that create and perpetuate disparities, and the path to a more equitable future. This longitudinal workforce curriculum incorporates the principles of critical race theory (CRT), including: race as a social construct, structural determinism, intersectionality, and the social construction of knowledge. Learners gain practical experience through facilitated group discussions and critical reflection of their own work including research question design, recruitment, dissemination, and enhancing the faculty pipeline. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: To measure the impact of the curriculum, we will evaluate learners’ participation in mentoring activities for persons from underrepresented backgrounds; participation in local and national diversity and inclusion efforts; engagement in community-based research; ability to account for implicit bias and power imbalances in their research design, including in recruitment and retention; and share research findings with community members and research participants. Evaluation strategies will include quantitative and qualitative methodologies. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: There is growing recognition of the impact of racism on the development and perpetuation of health disparities. Public health critical race praxis (an adaptation of CRT) is emerging as a theoretical framework to empower researchers to challenge the status quo in order to achieve health equity.

scholarly journals Organising for power: solidarities and transformation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
James Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Australian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Political and social movements are both empowering and power-seeking: they seek both to mobilize civil society and overwhelm state institutions. As organisations they mobilize collective power, generating solidarities and transforming social structures. As such, political organisations both challenge power and exercise power. This article addresses organizational vehicles for political change in Australia, drawing out limits and possibilities. Three organizational forms are discussed - the political party, the non-government organization (NGO), and the social movement - in terms of their capacity and limits. The social solidarities and social structures that frame political organization are debated, highlighting the impact of political conflicts over ecological change. The article ends with a discussion of the proceeding four articles, drawing out shared themes and implications in terms of the relationships post-Howard, between the Australian state, political parties, NGOs and movements.

The Effectiveness of Transferring Multi-Agent Behaviors From a Learning Environment in the Presence of Synthetic Social Structures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Garfield ◽  
Annie Wu ◽  
Mehmet Onal ◽  
Britt Crawford ◽  
Adam Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

The diverse behavior representation schemes and learning paradigms being investigated within the robotics community share the common feature that successful deployment of agents requires that behaviors developed in a learning environment are successfully applied to a range of unfamiliar and potentially more complex operational environments. The intent of our research is to develop insight into the factors facilitating successful transfer of behaviors to the operational environments. We present experimental results investigating the effects of several factors for a simulated swarm of autonomous vehicles. Our primary focus is on the impact of Synthetic Social Structures, which are guidelines directing the interactions between agents, much like social behaviors direct interactions between group members in the human and animal world. The social structure implemented is a dominance hierarchy, which has been shown previously to facilitate negotiation between agents. The goal of this investigation is to investigate mechanisms adding robustness to agent behavior.

Child marriages in Rwandan refugee camps

Africa ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan de Smedt
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Deviant Behaviour ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The Rwandan refugee camps in Tanzania witnessed the marriages of very young adolescents: girls as young as 13–14 married boys of 14–15 years, boys they often did not even know. These marriages usually did not last very long; after a few months many girls were forced to leave—sent away by their husband. People of both sexes and all ages, when asked about the problems in the camp, would always mention these child marriages as one of the biggest problems. They were worried not only about the loss of respect for Rwandan culture and traditional values but also about the future of the marriages and what would become of the children. This article is not based on extensive research into child marriages, but the author was able to interview a number of young people who had got married in the camps, and to collect information and the opinions of other people on these and other cases. Rather than describing marriage customs and wedding ceremonies in Rwanda, and comparing them with what took place in the refugee camps, the article aims to show the impact of (civil) war, the consequent poverty and the destruction of social structures on a community, in order to show how in these circumstances behaviour can change radically. Refugees have to build up a new life in a camp, and the new ‘society’ is likely to be different from the one they came from, with different rules and changed values. Among various examples of deviant behaviour child marriages were the most remarkable.

The Initial British Impact on India: A Case Study of the Benares Region

1960 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard S. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Impact

The British administrative frontier in India had widely differing effects on the political and social structures of the regions into which it moved from the middle of the eighteenth century until the middle of the nineteenth century. It is impossible to generalize on the impact of the administration, because the regions into which it moved differed in their political and social structures, and because British administration and ideas about administration, both in India and in Great Britain, changed markedly throughout this hundred year period.

sociological implications arising from world bank projects and their impact on sub-saharan indigenous peoples

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
ilias bantekas
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

the world bank has in place a set of guidelines for assessing the impact of bank-funded projects on indigenous peoples and requires investors to produce detailed reports and ensure for the provision of adequate compensation. the tendency is to preserve sub-saharan indigenous social structures without inquiring whether a particular indigenous group finds itself oppressed within such structures and wants to escape from them. the bank’s compensation policy should strive to remedy social imbalances if that is the wish of indigenous societies.

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