scholarly journals Automatic Vehicle Control in Emergency Situations: Technical and Human Factor Aspects

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Coda Alessandro ◽  
Antonello Pier Claudio ◽  
Damiani Sergio ◽  
Peters Björn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Emergency Situations

Human Factor Studies in Evaluation of Automated Highway System Attributes

1997 ◽  
Vol 1573 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ran ◽  
Shawn Leight ◽  
Seth Johnson ◽  
Wenjing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Automated Highway ◽  
Automated Vehicle Control ◽  
Highway System

The goal of the Automated Highway System (AHS) is to blend engineering ingenuity and technology to produce a new level of transportation services. Human factors are difficult to integrate with AHS design because they represent a variety of training, experience, skills, and goals. Human factor considerations are essential for AHS design because humans will be involved in automated driving. For instance, drivers may be expected to instruct their vehicles to exit locations, input parameters such as speed and desired headway, or take control in some emergency situations. The tasks that human drivers will be expected to execute have not yet been fully defined. One human factor dilemma that AHS engineers might face is that if human drivers are not allowed to intervene in the vehicle control process during malfunction and emergency situations, they may be trapped in a system with high failure rates. This could result in public distrust and a lack of public will to deploy an AHS. However, if drivers are allowed to take control of their vehicles at will, some may intervene at inappropriate times, causing a potential system failure. A framework has been developed for evaluating human factor concerns for automated vehicle control. These concerns involve basic driving tasks: ( a) detection, ( b) recognition, ( c) situation analysis, ( d) decision making, and ( e) control response. An analytical process to determine the responsibilities of the human driver, vehicle, and AHS infrastructure for these driving tasks is presented.

Analysis of the Results of Psychophysiological Examinations of Personnel of Nuclear Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
M. Kalinina ◽  
A. Kretov ◽  
A. Tsarev ◽  
M. Soloreva ◽  
E. Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Health Level ◽  
Psychophysiological Examination

The link between the health level of an employee and his professional reliability is currently obvious and does not require additional proof. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of developing emergency situations due to the fault of the human factor at nuclear facilities is an important element of the radiation protection system. In order to achieve the above goals of the organization in accordance with Federal Law No. 170-FZ of 21.11.1995, the performance of certain types of work in the field of atomic energy use requires special permits from Rostechnadzor. A prerequisite for obtaining such a permit for a specialist is the absence of psychophysiological contraindications based on the results of a psychophysiological examination. In this study, the analysis of the results of psychophysiological examinations (hereinafter referred to as PPhE) of employees of atomic energy facilities, carried out by specialists of the A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre in 2020.

Immersive technologies will reduce the likelihood of accidents at industrial plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
I.V. Simonov
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Immersive Technologies

One of the causes of accidents at industrial enterprises is most often the human factor. In pursuit of zero injury, industrial companies strive to improve the quality of employee training. Solutions based on immersive technologies are being introduced into the production process, for example, simulators for training employees to work with equipment based on virtual reality (VR) or three-dimensional graphics (3-dimensional, 3D). Such technologies replace the practice of working on real equipment and allow deeper training of skills in a safe environment. In addition, using virtual reality, you can simulate any emergency situations that are unacceptable to be created on real objects. All this subsequently helps to reduce the negative impact of the human factor on production, and therefore, to reduce the likelihood of injuries, accidents or even fatalities at enterprises.

scholarly journals Stand-by spillways in phreatic dams

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 02008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Mikhasek ◽  
Maxim Rodionov ◽  
Nikolay Malyugin ◽  
Artem Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Program Complex ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Downstream Slope ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technical Construction

Hydraulic structures operation is always connected with accident risks. The authors analyzed emergency situations which affected dams located on the territory of the USA and Russia. This analysis showed that the most dangerous accident which took place at hydroelectric complexes is an overfall through the crest of the dam accompanied with the formation of washouts and blow-out waves. The most striking example here is the accident at St. Francis dam. According to most researchers, its main cause was the human factor. To reduce economic losses which are due to an accident on the hydro-technical construction and to reduce the risk of human influence, the authors propose to use a stand-by spillway in the body of a phreatic dam. For this purpose, they introduce two constructions. The first construction has a melting insert and a spillway channel fastening made of synthetic materials. The second one has filtering covering of a crest and a downstream slope made of coarse-pored concrete. The researchers perform physical and numerical modeling of the developed structures to compare them. On the basis of laboratory experiments and calculations in the program complex, they obtain discharge coefficient values for various spillways, which can be later used for calculating spillway capacity as well as for its construction.

scholarly journals Identification of distortion of the navigator's time in model experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
P.S. Nosov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Cherniavskyi ◽  
S.M. Zinchenko ◽  
I.S. Popovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Automated Tools ◽  
Marine Accidents ◽  
Critical Situations

This article discusses a formal analysis of time perception made by sea transport navigators being in critical situations while performing vessel navigation. The carried out analysis of experimental data and investigations of marine accidents provided us with valuable insights of having wide range of cases in which navigators, while performing complex maneuvers (i.e. mooring operation), are highly likely to be involved into facing challenges of getting poor time comprehension during template implementation process. It is worth mentioning that while having it this very issue is being influenced on by external and internal factors. It, for its part, is noticed to considerably contribute into the increased likelihood of accidents. The main goal of this study is reported to be the development of a concept of having formal and automated means and methods for the identification distortion of the navigator's time (DNT) as being an indicator of negative manifestation of human factor in critical situations. For the sake of having been able to accomplish this goal a generalized model for the formation of t DNT was proposed as well as mathematical models and automated tools were introduced to be used for DNT intervals identification when analyzing the physical trajectory of the vessel's movement. Besides, the generating individual time codes in emergency situations system is managed to be successfully revealed. Moreover, the carried out experiments using the certified navigation simulator NaviTrainer 5000 are said to have confirmed the convincing cogency and to have made clear evidences of providing practical value of the proposed approaches. It goes without saying that these issues are sure to significantly improve the safety-driven process of keeping a navigational watch while navigating a vessel.

Effects of Motion at Sea on Crew Performance: A Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Samson C. Stevens ◽  
Michael G. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Equipment Design ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Factor Input

Current efforts to minimize ship crews now more than ever require all persons on board to be fully functional and capable of conducting their prescribed duties and responsibilities. However, inherent in the nature of any maritime profession, ships and, therefore, people are exposed to a multitude of motions as a result of weather and sea conditions. Coincident with these motions are a host of physiological, biomechanical, and psychological responses that can quickly reduce even the best efforts of the crew to a fraction of their utility when performed on a stable platform. Ship motions limit a crew's ability to perform essential command, control, and communications functions, navigation tasks, maintenance responsibilities, and even the preparation of food. Additionally, and more importantly, emergency situations may become more threatening in a situation where only a portion of the crew is able to respond effectively. This survey is intended to provide a working knowledge of effects of ship motions on crew performance, fatigue, and motivation. This information can then be used to improve ship and equipment design, and lead to enhanced vessel effectiveness and performance and, more importantly, to enhanced safety of the individuals on board. As ship design evolves and crew sizes decrease, greateremphasis must be placed upon the human factor input in order to ensure safety and efficiency during both routine and emergency operations.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN CASES RELATED TO THE INVESTIGATION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
N. Arefina
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Current State ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the current state of the practice of investigating incidents related to the implementation by a person of control of complex automated mechanisms. Attention is focused on the insufficient use by the judicial and investigative authorities of special psychological knowledge and relevant developments in the investigation of such cases. Based on the analysis of special psychological literature, as well as the experience of applying special knowledge in the field of examination, the psychological aspects that make up the human factor are outlined. The subject of psychological examination in cases of investigation of incidents related to the implementation of human control of complex automated mechanisms is disclosed. The nuances of the functioning of mental processes, properties and states of a person are noted, which can influence his ability, under extreme circumstances, to correctly assess the situation (or its individual elements), make the right decision and implement it. Along with this, external factors are noted that can have a significant impact on a person’s ability to make the right decision and implement it.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF PERSONNEL OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE FACILITIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Kretov ◽  
◽  
A.N. Tsarev ◽  
M.A. Soloreva
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Psychophysiological Examination ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The relationship between the level of health of an employee and his professional reliability is currently obvious and does not require additional evidence. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of developing emergency situations due to the human factor at nuclear energy use facilities is an important element of the radiation protection system. In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals, in accordance with Federal Law № 170-FZ of 21.11.1995, the performance of certain types of work in the field of nuclear energy use requires special permits from Rostechnadzor. A prerequisite for obtaining such a permit for a specialist is the absence of psychophysiological contraindications based on the results of a psychophysiological examination. This study analyzes the results of psychophysiological examinations of employees of nuclear energy use facilities conducted by specialists of the SRC-FMBC in 2020.

The introduction of immersive technologies reduces the likelihood of accidents in the industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
I. V. Simonov
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Immersive Technologies

The causes of industrial accidents are most often based on the human factor. Industrial companies today strive for zero injuries, so they try to improve the quality of employee training. To achieve these goals, many of them implement solutions based on immersive technologies in the production process. For example, simulators for training employees to work with equipment based on virtual reality (VR) or three-dimensional graphics (3-dimensional, 3D). Such technologies replace the practice of working on real equipment and allow you to develop skills more deeply in a safe environment. In addition, with the help of virtual reality, you can simulate any emergency situations that are unacceptable to create on real objects. All this subsequently helps to reduce the negative impact of the human factor in production, which means that it reduces the likelihood of injuries, accidents or even deaths at enterprises.

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