Language Maintenance and Shift

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift

scholarly journals Language maintenance and shift under pressure: Three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (242) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeşim Sevinç
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Turkish Immigrant ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
Turkish Language

AbstractDrawing on questionnaire and interview data, this study explores the process of language maintenance and shift across three generations of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. It compares three generations of Turkish-Dutch bilinguals by examining age and place of language learning, self-rated language proficiency, and language choices in six domains (home, school, work, friends, media and leisure time activities, and cognitive activities). Furthermore, it investigates bilinguals’ experiences, motivations for learning languages and attitudes towards bilingualism. Findings suggest that following the typical pattern of language shift described by Mario Saltarelli and Susan Gonzo in 1977, language history, self-rated language proficiency and current language practices of third-generation children differ from those of first- and second-generation bilinguals. Consequently, possible language shift among third-generation bilinguals causes socioemotional pressure about maintaining the Turkish language, triggering intergenerational tensions in Turkish immigrant families. At the same time, the perceived need to shift to Dutch for social and economic reasons causes immigrant children to experience tensions and ambiguities in the linguistic connections between the family and other social domains (e. g. school, friendship). The findings evidence that the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands may no longer be as linguistically homogeneous as once observed. The dissolution of homogeneity can be a sign of social change in which maintaining the Turkish language has become a challenge, whereas speaking Dutch is a necessity of life in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Strategi Pemertahanan Bahasa Daerah Pada Ranah Pendidikan

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Ida Zulaeha ◽  
M. Hum
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift

Pemertahanan dan pergeseran bahasa (language maintenance and shift) bagaikan dua sisi mata wang. Pemertahanan bahasa dapat terjadi manakala secara kolektif masyarakat tutur bahasa memutuskan tetap menggunakan bahasa yang digunakan sebelumnya meskipun ada desakan berganti menggunakan bahasa lain. Keduanya hadir secara bersamaan. Pemertahanan bahasa daerah dapat dilakukan pada ranah pendidikan. Pendidikan menjadi salah satu elemen penting dalam mempersiapkan generasi masa depan. Pemertahanan bahasa daerah pada ranah pendidikan dapat dilakukan dengan strategi formal dan informal. Strategi formal dilakukan melalui pembelajaran, sedangkan strategi informal dilakukan melalui komunitas/ekstrakurikuler, dan sebagai alat komunikasi yang wajib digunakan pada hari spesial. Pemertahanan bahasa daerah ini berfungsi mencegah pergeseran dan kepunahan bahasa daerah, mempersiapkan penutur bahasa daerah di masa depan, dan melestarikan bahasa dan budaya bangsa.

Transition as a focus within language maintenance research: Wellington Iraqi refugees as an example

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (251) ◽  
pp. 179-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Tawalbeh
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Iraqi Refugees ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Shift Study ◽  
Research Analysis

Abstract Most current language maintenance and shift research has focused on investigating immigrants’ experiences and attitudes in their host countries only. Recent research has shown that additional insights can be gained from a multi-perspective approach to language maintenance that includes “spatio-temporal” frames. Transit experiences (representing extra spaces and multiple phases) offer important information which has been overlooked in most language maintenance and shift research. Drawing on a data set of 30 semi-structured interviews with Wellington Iraqis and 13 with Iraqi refugees preparing to move to New Zealand from their transit point in Jordan, this article argues for the significance of transit experiences to language maintenance research. Analysis of the data suggests the significance of transit experiences in explaining the variations in Iraqis’ linguistic preferences and competencies and elucidates differences in language ability, use and attitude between older and younger generations. The data provides evidence for the importance of transition as a focus within language maintenance and shift study.

Language Maintenance and Shift

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Potowski
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Basic Tenet ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift

Language shift is the replacement of one language by another as the primary means of communication and socialization within a community. In an effort to understand the factors that contribute to language shift and those which seem to militate against it, this chapter explores several immigrant and non-immigrant contexts around the world, with particular focus on the United States. The principal factors—divided into individual, family, community, and broader societal factors—are often interdependent. The discussion also notes the basic tenet emphasized by Fishman (1991) that language maintenance must involve intergenerational transmission of the language. If intergenerational transmission of a language ceases, it can be said that the speakers have shifted to another language. Many of the world’s 6000 to 7000 languages are being lost—by some estimates, up to half of them—mostly due to the spread of a few dominant languages, which many speakers are shifting to.

Contact phenomena in language maintenance and shift: The Pennsylvania German infinitive construction

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Lois Huffines
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Nonnative Speakers ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Pennsylvania German ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift

ABSTRACTThe formation of the Pennsylvania German dependent infinitive construction varies across Pennsylvania German speech communities. The use of zu to mark infinitives which do not complement modals is receding in all communities and has been replaced variably by far or far…zu. Younger nonnative speakers have grasped the (far)…zu construction as template for producing discourse. Sectarians (Amish and Mennonites) mark dependent infinitives less frequently than nonsectarians, and Amish speakers often avoid the construction by the progressive aspect. The influence of English on these developments is indirect. The loss of zu, the use of (far)…zu, and the sectarian omission of far and zu represent generalizations of different rules. The contact seems to have promoted generalization, but has influenced each group to generalize differently

Spracherhalt als Prozess: Elemente des kirchlichen Sprachmanagements bei den katholischen Sorben

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (232) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Christoph Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
The Church ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn contrast to language shift, language maintenance appears to be a static phenomenon. Yet this article displays language maintenance as a process, applying the Language Management Theory. On the ground of a case study at a Catholic Sorbian parish in eastern Germany, the study shows that the Sorbian language is maintained in the church through numerous minute interventions at different levels. The findings suggest that the actual process of language maintenance and shift is much more complex than the conventional dualism of “top-down” vs. “bottom-up” assumes. It is argued that in order to get a more reliable understanding of how language maintenance and shift is attained, it is necessary to pay due attention to the interplay of various processes between and within simple and organized management.

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