Reappraisal of arctostylopid mammal Kazachostylops occidentalis from the late Paleocene of Kazakhstan and phylogenetic relationships within Arctostylopida

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
Alexander O. Averianov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Upper Paleocene

AbstractKazachostylops occidentalis Nesov, 1987b, based on partial maxilla and dentary from the upper Paleocene Zhylga locality in South Kazakhstan, is redescribed. A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Arctostylopida is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis of 26 characters and 17 taxa. Kazachostylops is recovered as a sister taxon to the Arctostylopinae, the advanced clade of Asian and North American arctostylopids characterized by pseudohypocone on upper molars and reduced trigonid of lower molars, with the ectolophid being attached labial on the trigonid. Kazachostylops differs from more basal arctostylopids (Asiostylops, Allostylops, Bothriostylops, and Wanostylops) by higher-crowned molars, M1–3 metaconule absent, m1–3 entoconid connected with ectolophid by entolophid, and m2 wider than m1 and m3. Principal component analyses of the upper and lower dentition of arctostylopids show great distinctness of Kazachostylops from other members of the group. The arctostylopid taxa are reviewed, and the new genus Enantiostylops is erected for ‘Sinostylops’ progressus Tang and Yan, 1976 from the lower Eocene of China, because of uniquely concave parastylar area on upper molars.UUID: http://zoobank.org/a46d8f29-fd73-4e59-88dc-fcc55b12d1d3

scholarly journals Ferrodraco lentoni gen. et sp. nov., a new ornithocheirid pterosaur from the Winton Formation (Cenomanian–lower Turonian) of Queensland, Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele H. Pentland ◽  
Stephen F. Poropat ◽  
Travis R. Tischler ◽  
Trish Sloan ◽  
Robert A. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mandibular Tooth

Abstract The Australian pterosaur record is poor by world standards, comprising fewer than 20 fragmentary specimens. Herein, we describe the new genus and species Ferrodraco lentoni gen. et sp. nov., based on the most complete pterosaur specimen ever found in Australia, and the first reported from the Winton Formation (Cenomanian–lower Turonian). The presence of premaxillary and mandibular crests, and spike-shaped teeth with subcircular bases, enable Ferrodraco to be referred to Anhangueria. Ferrodraco can be distinguished from all other anhanguerian pterosaurs based on two dental characters: the first premaxillary and mandibular tooth pairs are small; and the fourth–seventh tooth pairs are smaller than the third and eighth ones. Ferrodraco was included in a phylogenetic analysis of Pterosauria and resolved as the sister taxon to Mythunga camara (upper Albian Toolebuc Formation, Australia), with that clade occupying the most derived position within Ornithocheiridae. Ornithocheirus simus (Albian Cambridge Greensand, England), Coloborhynchus clavirostris (Valanginian Hastings Sands, England), and Tropeognathus mesembrinus (upper Aptian–lower Albian Romualdo Formation, Brazil) were resolved as successive sister taxa, which suggests that ornithocheirids were cosmopolitan during the Albian–Cenomanian. Furthermore, the stratigraphic age of Ferrodraco lentoni (Cenomanian–lower Turonian) implies that anhanguerians might have survived later in Australia than elsewhere.

scholarly journals Restructuring the Ancorabolidae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and Cletodidae T. Scott, with a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding the relationships of the Laophontoidea T. Scott, Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-498
Author(s):  
Kai Horst George
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Swimming Leg

Uncovering the systematics of CopepodaHarpacticoida, the second-most abundant component of the meiobenthos after Nematoda, is of major importance for any further research dedicated especially to ecological and biogeographical approaches. Based on the evolution of the podogennontan first swimming leg, a new phylogenetic concept of the Ancorabolidae Sars and Cletodidae T. Scott sensu Por (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) is presented, using morphological characteristics. It confirms the polyphyletic status of the Ancorabolidae and its subfamily Ancorabolinae Sars and the paraphyletic status of the subfamily Laophontodinae Lang. Moreover, it clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of the so far assigned members of the family. An exhaustive phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using 150 morphological characters, resulting in the establishment of a now well-justified monophylum Ancorabolidae. In that context, the Ancorabolus-lineage sensu Conroy-Dalton and Huys is elevated to sub-family rank. Furthermore, the membership of Ancorabolina George in a rearranged monophylum Laophontodinae is confirmed. Conversely, the Ceratonotus-group sensu Conroy-Dalton is transferred from the hitherto Ancorabolinae to the Cletodidae. Within these, the Ceratonotus-group and its hypothesised sister-group Cletodes Brady are combined to form a monophyletic subfamily Cletodinae T. Scott, subfam. nov. Consequently, it was necessary to restructure the Ancorabolidae, Ancorabolinae and Laophontodinae and extend the Cletodidae to include the displacement and exclusion of certain taxa. Moreover, comparison of the Ancorabolidae, Cletodidae, Laophontoidea and other Podogennonta shows that the Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae form sister-groups in a monophylum Cletodoidea Bowman and Abele, which similarly has a sister-group-relationship with the Laophontoidea T. Scott. According to the present study, both taxa constitute a derived monophylum within the Podogennonta Lang.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Studies of Some often Over-Looked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Shi-Ke ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Ausana Mapook ◽  
Sajeewa S.N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
D. Jayarama Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
New Family ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Abstract Sordariomycetes is an earlier and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed. There are a number of species, especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification. One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known old and poorly studied species whose classification are still obscure. Herein, we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera, which mainly belong to Boliniales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Jobellisiales, and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. We provide descriptions, notes, figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families, Bombardiaceae (Apodospora, Bombardia, Bombardioidea and Fimetariella), Lasiosphaeriaceae (Anopodium, Bellojisia, Corylomyces, Lasiosphaeria, Mammaria and Zopfiella), Lasiosphaeridaceae (Lasiosphaeris), Strattoniaceae (Strattonia) and Zygospermellaceae (Episternus and Zygospermella). In addition, a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on Neoschizothecium. Analysis of the type species of Boothiella, Stellatospora, Sulcatistroma and Tengiomyces placed them in Sordariaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Hypocreales and Coronophorales, respectively. We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected; that is, Kacosphaeria in Calosphaeriales; Arnium, Biconiosporella, Camptosphaeria, Diffractella, Emblemospora, Eosphaeria, Periamphispora, Ramophialophora, Synaptospora and Tripterosporella in Sordariales; Conidiotheca in Sordariomycetes; Copromyces, Effetia, Endophragmiella and Tulipispora are accommodated in Ascomycota. Besides, we establish a new genus Neoschizothecium based on phylogenetic analysis. New combinations proposed include: Camaropella amorpha, Cam. microspora, Cam. plana, Cladorrhinum grandiusculum, Cla. leucotrichum, Cla. terricola, Cla. olerum, Helminthosphaeria plumbea, Immersiella hirta, Jugulospora minor, Lasiosphaeris arenicola, Neoschizothecium aloides, Neo. carpinicola, Neo. conicum, Neo. curvisporum, Neo. fimbriatum, Neo. glutinans, Neo. inaequale, Neo. minicaudum, Neo. selenosporum, Neo. tetrasporum, Neurospora autosteira, Podospora brunnescens, P. flexuosa, P. jamaicensis, P. hamata, P. macrospora, P. spinosa, Strattonia petrogale and Triangularia microsclerotigena, T. nannopodalis, T. praecox, T. samala, T. tarvisina, T. unicaudata, T. yaeyamensis. New epithets are proposed for Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum and Podospora dacryoidea.

Description and phylogenetic analysis of Iberostomata fombuenensis new genus and species (Bryozoa, Ptilodictyina)

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Jiménez-Sánchez ◽  
Robert L. Anstey ◽  
Beatriz Azanza
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ne Spain

The new genus Iberostomata (Bryozoa, Ptilodictyina) from the Cystoid Limestone Formation in the Iberian Chains (NE Spain) is here described and its phylogenetic relationships analyzed using cladistic methods. Twenty-eight identifying characters used in traditional systematics have been codified for nine ptilodictyine families, two timanodictyine families and 34 ptilodictyine genera. The results obtained in this analysis place the new genus Iberostomata and the genus Stellatodictya, traditionally included in the family Ptilodictyidae, in the family Rhinidictyidae, question the validity of the family Intraporidae, question the assignment of Amurodictya and Astrovidictya to the family Stictoporellidae, as well as the assignment of the genera Junggarotrypa, Goniotrypa, and Prophyllodictya to the family Rhinidictyidae, and place the family Phragmopheridae in a uncertain systematic position.

scholarly journals Morphological and allozyme studies of midwife toads (genus Alytes), including the description of two new taxa from Spain

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Arntzen ◽  
M. García-París
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Remarkable Similarity ◽  
A New Species

Allozyme variation in 31 to 50 presumptive loci of 12 populations of European midwife toads of the genus Alytes show appreciable genetic divergences (DNei from 0.29 to 0.72) among four groups. These groups correspond to A. cisternasii Boscá, 1879, A. obstetricans (Laurenti, 1768), A. muletensis (Sanchiz & Adrover, 1979), and a new species from the Betic mountains described here as A. dickhilleni n. sp. Smaller divergences among geographic groups of populations of A. obstetricans (up to DNei = 0.17) support the existence of three geographic units in Europe corresponding to the previously recognized subspecies A. o. obstetricans and A. o. boscai Lataste, 1879, plus a third one described here under the designation of A. o. almogavarii n. ssp. The analysis of morphological variation among taxa using principal component and discriminant analysis shows a remarkable similarity between A. dickhilleni and A. obstetricans; these are cryptic species. A phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data using A. cisternasii as the outgroup supports a sister taxon relationship between A. muletensis and A. dickhilleni, with A. obstetricans the sister taxon to this clade. The historical biogeography of the genus is discussed.

Phylogenetic evaluation of systematics and biogeography of the leech family Glossiphoniidae

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Siddall ◽  
Rebecca B. Budinoff ◽  
Elizabeth Borda
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The North ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
High Degree

The phylogenetic relationships of Glossiphoniidae, a leech family characterised by its high degree of parental care, were investigated with the combined use of morphological data and three molecular datasets. There was strong support for monophyly of most accepted genera in the group, many of which are consistent with eyespot morphology. The genera Desserobdella Barta & Sawyer, 1990 and Oligobdella Moore, 1918 are suppressed as junior synonyms of Placobdella Blanchard, 1893 and thus recognising each of Placobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) Moore, 1906, Placobdella phalera (Graf, 1899) Moore, 1906, and Placobdella biannulata (Moore, 1900), comb. nov. The species Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill, 1872) Castle, 1900 and Helobdella modesta (Verrill, 1872), comb. nov. are resurrected for the North American counterparts to European non-sanguivorous species. Glossphonia baicalensis (Stschegolew, 1922), comb. nov. is removed from the genus Torix Blanchard 1898 and Alboglossiphonia quadrata (Moore, 1949) Sawyer, 1986 is removed from the genus Hemiclepsis Vejdovsky, 1884. The biogeographic implications of the phylogenetic hypothesis are evaluated in the context of what is already known for vertebrate hosts and Tertiary continental arrangements.

Popenoeum, a new pseudolivine gastropod genus: widespread and most diversified during the Paleocene

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Squires ◽  
William J. Zinsmeister ◽  
Luis M. Paredes-Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Body Whorl ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Upper Paleocene

A new genus, Popenoeum, is proposed for a clade of Upper Cretaceous through lower Eocene pseudolivine gastropods found in North and South America, West Greenland, western Europe, and southern India. Popenoeum n. gen. is characterized by tabulate whorls with a prominent subsutural canal, collabral costae that terminate as tubercles on the body whorl shoulder, and closely spaced fine to strong spiral cords.The type species, Popenoeum maritimus n. sp., is from the lower Paleocene (Danian) portion of the San Francisquito Formation, southern California, and from the upper Paleocene (Thanetian) Sepultura Formation, Baja California. Popenoeum maritimus bajaensis n. subsp. is also present in the Sepultura Formation.Other species and subspecies in the clade include Popenoeum sp. (Toulmin) and P. scalina Heilprin from Alabama; P. mutabilis mutabilis (Woods) and P. mutabilis woodsi (Olsson) from northwestern Peru; P. aff. P. maritimus from West Greenland; P. brevis (Doncieux) and P. prima (Defiance) from France; P. chavani (Glibert), P. robusta (Briart and Cornet) and P. briarti (Vincent) from Belgium; and P. subcostata (Stoliczka) from southern India. The earliest species is P. subcostata, and it is the only Cretaceous species. The youngest form is P. mutabilis woodsi, and it is the only Eocene species. The new genus reached its peak during the Paleocene.

scholarly journals Arktocara yakataga, a new fossil odontocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Oligocene of Alaska and the antiquity of Platanistoidea

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra T. Boersma ◽  
Nicholas D. Pyenson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Indus River ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Freshwater River

The diversification of crown cetacean lineages (i.e., crown Odontoceti and crown Mysticeti) occurred throughout the Oligocene, but it remains an ongoing challenge to resolve the phylogenetic pattern of their origins, especially with respect to stem lineages. One extant monotypic lineage,Platanista gangetica(the Ganges and Indus river dolphin), is the sole surviving member of the broader group Platanistoidea, with many fossil relatives that range from Oligocene to Miocene in age. Curiously, the highly threatenedPlatanistais restricted today to freshwater river systems of South Asia, yet nearly all fossil platanistoids are known globally from marine rocks, suggesting a marine ancestry for this group. In recent years, studies on the phylogenetic relationships in Platanistoidea have reached a general consensus about the membership of different sub-clades and putative extinct groups, although the position of some platanistoid groups (e.g., Waipatiidae) has been contested. Here we describe a new genus and species of fossil platanistoid,Arktocara yakataga, gen. et sp. nov. from the Oligocene of Alaska, USA. The type and only known specimen was collected from the marine Poul Creek Formation, a unit known to include Oligocene strata, exposed in the Yakutat City and Borough of Southeast Alaska. In our phylogenetic analysis of stem and node-based Platanistoidea,Arktocarafalls within the node-based sub-clade Allodelphinidae as the sister taxon toAllodelphis pratti. With a geochronologic age between ∼29–24 million years old,Arktocarais among the oldest crown Odontoceti, reinforcing the long-standing view that the diversification for crown lineages must have occurred no later than the early Oligocene.

scholarly journals A fossil water measurer (Insecta, Hemiptera, Hydrometridae) from the Paleocene/Eocene of Denmark and its phylogenetic relationships

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
N. Møller Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
The Family ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Upper Paleocene

The first fossil species of hydrometrid bugs, Eocenometra danica n.gen., n.sp., is described from deposits of Upper Paleocene/Lower Eocene age ( c. 50 million years) from northern Jutland, Denmark. The extinct form is compared with extant genera of the family Hydrometridae and its phylogenetic relationships are discussed. Paleoecological and biogeographical notes are included.

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