IMPROVING THE DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEA ARABICA AFTER CHANGING THE PATTERN OF LEAF GAS EXCHANGE BY WATERING CYCLES

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA NOVAES ◽  
JOÃO PAULO SOUZA ◽  
CARLOS HENRIQUE BRITTO ASSIS PRADO
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Flowering Intensity

SUMMARYHardening of Coffea arabica saplings by watering cycles (WCs) might be a suitable practice to achieve higher tolerance to low leaf water potential (Ψleaf) before transplanting to the field. As a consequence, hardening could promote growth and biomass gain during the initial development of C. arabica in the field. Thus, the less interrupted initial growth in a changing environment should confer higher flowering intensity in hardened than in control plants. The aim of this work was to verify if leaf gas exchange and Ψleaf behaviour of C. arabica saplings grafted on C. canephora showed consistent alterations during hardening by WCs and if this was effective to improve vegetative and reproductive growth under field conditions. For these reasons, saplings of the Mundo Novo cultivar of C. arabica grafted on C. canephora were submitted to seven WCs over 35 days. Each WC was completed when net photosynthesis was close to zero. The pattern of leaf gas exchange, mainly stomatal conductance (gs), was modified permanently after three WCs and the new pattern of leaf gas exchange could result in a more positive water balance and less interrupted development of C. arabica saplings in the field, particularly due to permanent low values of gs. After field transplantation, hardened plants showed greater height and stem diameter, more leaves and branches, and superior biomass production in leaves, stem and roots than control plants in dry and wet periods. The number of flowers was also significantly higher in hardened than in control plants. On the other hand, similar values were found between control and hardened plants in the leaf area ratio and the shoot/root ratio. Therefore, previous hardening by WCs was effective in improving leaf gas exchange, vegetative and reproductive development under field conditions and maintained the original biomass partitioning among the main plant compartments in dry and wet periods.

CARBON GAIN IN COFFEA ARABICA DURING CLEAR AND CLOUDY DAYS IN THE WET SEASON

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. RONQUIM ◽  
C. H. B. A. PRADO ◽  
P. NOVAES ◽  
J. I. FAHL ◽  
C. C. RONQUIM
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Wet Season

Three cultivars of Coffea arabica, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81, Icatu Amarelo IAC 2944 and Obatã IAC 1669–20, were evaluated in relation to leaf gas exchange and potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II under field conditions on clear and cloudy days in the wet season in southeast Brazil. Independent of levels of irradiance, leaf water potential (υleaf) values were always higher than the minimum required to affect daily net photosynthesis (PN). PN, stomatal conductance (gs), leaf transpiration (E) and the index of photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined on a clear day in all cultivars. The depression of leaf gas exchange and Fv/Fm (specially around midday) caused a strong decrease (about 70 %) in daily carbon gain on a clear day. Under cloudless conditions, gs and PN were correlated with the air vapour pressure deficit (VPDair), but not with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) values. On a cloudy day, the daily carbon gain was barely limited by PPFD below 800 μmol m−2 s−1, the Fv/Fm values showed a slight decrease around midday, and gs and PN were positively correlated with PPFD but not with VPDair. By contrast, irrespective of the contrasting irradiance conditions during the day, PN and E were correlated with gs.

scholarly journals Initial development and gas exchange of Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. under different shading conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Hilton Morbeck de Oliveira ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Sara Dousseau ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Ecophysiological studies under semi-controlled conditions in nurseries and greenhouses are essential to enable the use of native species to recover degraded areas and for commercial planting. Talisia subalbens (Mart) Radlk, 'cascudo', is a native fruiting species of the Cerrado on the verge of extinction. The ecophysiological performance of this species was evaluated in nursery conditions under different levels of shading (full sunshine, 30%, 50% and 70%). Initial growth, biomass allocation, gas exchange and chlorophyll content of the plants were analyzed. Full sunshine cultivated plants showed a higher accumulation of total, shoot, and root dry biomass. There was no significant difference in the root/shoot ratio among the treatments. Seedlings cultivated under full sunshine and 30% shading showed higher values for height, basal diameter, and leaf area. Differences in stomata conductance and photosynthesis rate were not observed among the different shading levels. Plants cultivated under 70% of shading had higher contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total. During the initial phase with higher levels of radiation were fundamental for the development of T. subalbens seedlings.

Design and testing of twig chambers for ozone fumigation and gas exchange measurements in mature trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm M. Havranek ◽  
Gerhard Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Diurnal Courses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Design And Testing

SynopsisA twig chamber system was developed for the exposure of mature trees to ozone (O3) under field conditions. The fumigation system allowed the exact control of O3 concentrations in the chambers, the measurement of O3 uptake as well as gas exchange measurements under ambient and controlled conditions during and after O3 fumigation. Because of differences in individual twigs the system should provide the exposure of replicates to different O3 treatments. Tests showed that temperature, humidity and O3 concentrations inside the chambers were comparable with diurnal courses observed in the field. Comparative gas exchange measurements indicated that there were no differences in net photosynthesis and conductance of twigs outside the chambers and twigs which remained within the chambers for 23 weeks receiving ambient air.

The impact of kaolin clay sprays on leaf gas exchange of Ginger Gold apple trees in New Brunswick

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1377-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Privé ◽  
L. Russell ◽  
A. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
The Impact

A field trial was conducted over two growing seasons in a Ginger Gold apple orchard in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, Canada to examine the impact of Surround (95% kaolin clay) on leaf gas exchange [net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci) and transpiration (E)]. In 2004, a greater rate of Pn and gs was achieved at the higher than at the lower frequency of Surround applications. This was particularly notable at leaf temperatures exceeding 35°C. In 2005, no significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among leaf residue groupings [Trace (< 0.5 g m-2), Low (0.5 to 2 g m-2), and High (≥ 2 g m-2)] were found for the four leaf gas exchange parameters at leaf temperatures ranging from 25 to 40°C. It would appear that under New Brunswick commercial orchard conditions, the application of Surround favours or has no effect on leaf gas exchange. Key words: Surround, particle film, leaf physiology, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, transpiration

The effect of strobilurins on leaf gas exchange, water use efficiency and ABA content in grapevine under field conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Diaz-Espejo ◽  
María Victoria Cuevas ◽  
Miquel Ribas-Carbo ◽  
Jaume Flexas ◽  
Sebastian Martorell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Aba Content

Effects of competition control and annual nitrogen fertilization on gas exchange of different-aged Pinus taeda

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T Munger ◽  
Rodney E Will ◽  
Bruce E Borders
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

To determine the importance of competition control and annual fertilization on leaf gas exchange, light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured multiple times in different-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands growing at a Piedmont (BF Grant) and Coastal Plain (Waycross) location in Georgia, U.S.A. At both locations, competition control decreased Asat and gs (Asat from 4.53 to 4.12 µmol·m–2·s–1, gs from 0.058 to 0.050 mol·m–2·s–1 at BF Grant; Asat from 4.22 to 4.01 µmol·m–2·s–1, gs from 0.054 to 0.049 mol·m–2·s–1 at Waycross). Overall, fertilization did not have a positive impact on Asat, even though fertilization significantly increased foliar nitrogen concentration. At BF Grant, fertilization significantly decreased gs from 0.057 to 0.051 mol·m–2·s–1 and Ci from 217 to 205 µmol·mol–1. In addition, the decrease in Ci associated with fertilization became larger with stand age. At Waycross, fertilization decreased Ci from 211 to 203 µmol·mol–1 and the interaction between fertilization and stand age was significant for gs and Ci. These results indicate that silivcultural practices that increase resource availability and stand growth did not enhance leaf gas exchange.

scholarly journals Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll index in guava fertirrigated with bovine biofertilizer and nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e588997606
Author(s):  
Elisson Alves Santana ◽  
Francisco Eduardo dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Jackson Teixeira Lobo ◽  
Alberto de Andrade Soares Filho ◽  
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fertirrigation with nitrogen and liquid bovine biofertilizer on gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll index of 'paluma' guava (Psidium guajava L.). The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement (2 × 4) referring to mineral fertilizing with N (50% and 100% of N recommended) and biofertilizer concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of the fertirrigated volume). Variables evaluated were chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll indexes (Chltotal), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), net photosynthesis (A), instant carboxylation efficiency (iCE) and water use efficiency (WUE). The biofertilizer significantly affected Chl a, Chl b, Chltotal, A, gs and E, with quadratic polynomial adjustment of the results. However, there was no effect of N fertilization and interaction between the factors. Maximum index of Chltotal was 32.31 obtained with the estimated dose of 3.8% of the biofertilizer; while A, gs and E presented maximum responses of 19.09 µmol of CO2 m-2 s-1, 0.28 mol of H2O m-2 s-1 and 4.93 mmol of H2O m-2 s-1, with estimated doses of 3.6%, 3.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. Generally, liquid bovine biofertilizer applied via fertirrigation affects positively the photosynthetic responses in 'paluma' guava, however, with decreasing effects for doses above 3.8%.

High levels of anatomical and physiological leaf plasticity of Ocotea odorifera (Lauraceae) in response to different radiation intensities

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Gabriele Marques Leme ◽  
Flavio Nunes Ramos ◽  
Fabricio José Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Polo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Leaf Plasticity

We investigated morpho-physiological plasticity in the leaves of Ocotea odorifera trees growing under different environmental conditions in a fragmented forest. Microclimatic data were collected in a pasture matrix, forest edge, and forest interior in three Atlantic Forest fragments. Leaf gas exchange, as well as leaf anatomy in paradermal and transversal sections, were evaluated in individuals in these environments. Radiation intensity and temperature had higher effects in the pasture matrix compared with the forest interior and forest edge. However, internal portions of the canopy did not exhibit significant variation in radiation or temperature. External canopy leaves exhibited higher net photosynthesis in plants from the pasture matrix, but there was higher net photosynthesis for internal leaves from the shaded forest interior. Variation in net photosynthesis and other gas-exchange parameters were related to thinner shade leaves in forest interior individuals, and internal leaves with lower stomatal density. Although the pasture matrix, forest edge, and forest interior experienced differences in light and temperature, leaf position in the canopy produced microclimatic variations, which modified gas exchange and anatomy. Thus, O. odorifera shows the potential for reforestation programs because of its high leaf plasticity, which will enable it to overcome variations in light and temperature.

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