scholarly journals Curves with zero derivative in F-spaces

1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Kalton
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Continuous Linear ◽  
Linear Functionals ◽  
Continuous Map ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Locally Convex

Let X be an F-space (complete metric linear space) and suppose g:[0, 1] → X is a continuous map. Suppose that g has zero derivative on [0, 1], i.e.for 0≤t≤1 (we take the left and right derivatives at the end points). Then, if X is locally convex or even if it merely possesses a separating family of continuous linear functionals, we can conclude that g is constant by using the Mean Value Theorem. If however X* = {0} then it may happen that g is not constant; for example, let X = Lp(0, 1) (0≤p≤1) and g(t) = l[0,t] (0≤t≤1) (the characteristic function of [0, t]). This example is due to Rolewicz [6], [7; p. 116].

The mean value theorem in second order arithmetic

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Hardin ◽  
Daniel J. Velleman
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Natural Numbers ◽  
Second Order Arithmetic ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Logical Connectives ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Order Arithmetic ◽  
Image Position

This paper is a contribution to the project of determining which set existence axioms are needed to prove various theorems of analysis. For more on this project and its history we refer the reader to [1] and [2].We work in a weak subsystem of second order arithmetic. The language of second order arithmetic includes the symbols 0, 1, =, <, +, ·, and ∈, together with number variables x, y, z, … (which are intended to stand for natural numbers), set variables X, Y, Z, … (which are intended to stand for sets of natural numbers), and the usual quantifiers (which can be applied to both kinds of variables) and logical connectives. We write ∀x < t φ and ∃x < t φ as abbreviations for ∀x(x < t → φ) and ∃x{x < t ∧ φ) respectively; these are called bounded quantifiers. A formula is said to be if it has no quantifiers applied to set variables, and all quantifiers applied to number variables are bounded. It is if it has the form ∃xθ and it is if it has the form ∀xθ, where in both cases θ is .The theory RCA0 has as axioms the usual Peano axioms, with the induction scheme restricted to formulas, and in addition the comprehension scheme, which consists of all formulas of the formwhere φ is , ψ is , and X does not occur free in φ(n). (“RCA” stands for “Recursive Comprehension Axiom.” The reason for the name is that the comprehension scheme is only strong enough to prove the existence of recursive sets.) It is known that this theory is strong enough to allow the development of many of the basic properties of the real numbers, but that certain theorems of elementary analysis are not provable in this theory. Most relevant for our purposes is the fact that it is impossible to prove in RCA0 that every continuous function on the closed interval [0, 1] attains maximum and minimum values (see [1]).Since the most common proof of the Mean Value Theorem makes use of this theorem, it might be thought that the Mean Value Theorem would also not be provable in RCA0. However, we show in this paper that the Mean Value Theorem can be proven in RCA0. All theorems stated in this paper are theorems of RCA0, and all of our reasoning will take place in RCA0.

A simpler proof of Levinson's theorem

1985 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Conrey ◽  
A. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Critical Line ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Levinson’S Theorem ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

In this paper we present a proof of the mean-value theorem required by Levinson to show that at least one-third of the zeros of ζ(s) are on the critical line. As in Levinson [3], letwhere Χ(s)=ζ(s)/ζ(1−s) is the usual factor from the functional equation, and letwhereandwhere

A modified form of Siegel's mean-value theorem

1955 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Macbeath ◽  
C. A. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Möbius Function ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Star Body ◽  
Mobius Function ◽  
Whole Space ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Image Position

The Minkowski–Hlawka theorem† asserts that, if S is any n-dimensional star body, with the origin o as centre, and with volume less than 2ζ(n), then there is a lattice of determinant 1 which has no point other than o in S. One of the methods used to prove this theorem splits up into three stages, (a) A function ρ(x) is considered, and it is shown that some suitably defined mean value of the sumtaken over a suitable set of lattices Λ of determinant 1, is equal, or approximately equal, to the integralover the whole space. (b) By taking ρ(x) to be equal, or approximately equal, towhere σ(x) is the characteristic function of S, and μ(r) is the Möbius function, it is shown that a corresponding mean value of the sumwhere Λ* is the set of primitive points of the lattice Λ, is equal, or approximately equal, to

The mean square of the Dedekind zeta function in quadratic number fields

1989 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Müller
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Function ◽  
Number Fields ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Quadratic Number ◽  
Dedekind Zeta Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

Let K be a quadratic number field with discriminant D. The aim of this paper is to study the mean square of the Dedekind zeta function ζK on the critical line, i.e.It was proved by Chandrasekharan and Narasimhan[1] that (1) is at most of order O(T(log T)2). As they noted at the end of their paper, it ‘would seem likely’ that (1) behaves asymptotically like a2T(log T)2, with some constant a2 depending on K. Applying a general mean value theorem for Dirichlet polynomials, one can actually proveThis may be done in just the same way as this general mean value theorem can be used to prove Ingham's classical result on the fourth power moment of the Riemann zeta function (cf. [3], chapter 5). In 1979 Heath-Brown [2] improved substantially on Ingham's result. Adapting his method to the above situation a much better result than (2) can be obtained. The following Theorem deals with a slightly more general situation. Note that ζK(s) = ζ(s)L(s, XD) where XD is a real primitive Dirichlet character modulo |D|. There is no additional difficulty in allowing x to be complex.

scholarly journals On Riemann—Liouville and Caputo Fractional Forward Difference Monotonicity Analysis

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Pshtiwan Othman Mohammed ◽  
Thabet Abdeljawad ◽  
Faraidun Kadir Hamasalh
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Initial Value Problems ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Discrete Fractional Calculus ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Forward Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monotonicity Analysis ◽  
Monotonicity Results

Monotonicity analysis of delta fractional sums and differences of order υ∈(0,1] on the time scale hZ are presented in this study. For this analysis, two models of discrete fractional calculus, Riemann–Liouville and Caputo, are considered. There is a relationship between the delta Riemann–Liouville fractional h-difference and delta Caputo fractional h-differences, which we find in this study. Therefore, after we solve one, we can apply the same method to the other one due to their correlation. We show that y(z) is υ-increasing on Ma+υh,h, where the delta Riemann–Liouville fractional h-difference of order υ of a function y(z) starting at a+υh is greater or equal to zero, and then, we can show that y(z) is υ-increasing on Ma+υh,h, where the delta Caputo fractional h-difference of order υ of a function y(z) starting at a+υh is greater or equal to −1Γ(1−υ)(z−(a+υh))h(−υ)y(a+υh) for each z∈Ma+h,h. Conversely, if y(a+υh) is greater or equal to zero and y(z) is increasing on Ma+υh,h, we show that the delta Riemann–Liouville fractional h-difference of order υ of a function y(z) starting at a+υh is greater or equal to zero, and consequently, we can show that the delta Caputo fractional h-difference of order υ of a function y(z) starting at a+υh is greater or equal to −1Γ(1−υ)(z−(a+υh))h(−υ)y(a+υh) on Ma,h. Furthermore, we consider some related results for strictly increasing, decreasing, and strictly decreasing cases. Finally, the fractional forward difference initial value problems and their solutions are investigated to test the mean value theorem on the time scale hZ utilizing the monotonicity results.

scholarly journals On a sum analogous to Dedekind sum and its mean square value formula

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Wenpeng
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Property ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Dedekind Sum ◽  
The Mean

The main purpose of this paper is using the mean value theorem of DirichletL-functions to study the asymptotic property of a sum analogous to Dedekind sum, and give an interesting mean square value formula.

scholarly journals Extending Edgar's ordering to locally convex spaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Neill Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Convex Space ◽  
Dual Pair ◽  
Locally Convex Space ◽  
Vector Spaces ◽  
Locally Convex Spaces ◽  
Continuous Linear ◽  
Linear Functionals ◽  
Hausdorff Topological Vector Space ◽  
Locally Convex ◽  
Mackey Topologies

By the term “locally convex space”, we mean a locally convex Hausdorff topological vector space (see [17]). We shall denote the algebraic dual of a locally convex space E by E*, and its topological dual by E′. It is convenient to think of the elements of E as being linear functionals on E′, so that E can be identified with a subspace of E′*. The adjoint of a continuous linear map T:E→F will be denoted by T′:F′→E′. If 〈E, F〈 is a dual pair of vector spaces, then we shall denote the corresponding weak, strong and Mackey topologies on E by α(E, F), β(E, F) and μ(E, F) respectively.

The mean-value theorem for elliptic operators on stratified sets

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
S. N. Oshchepkova ◽  
O. M. Penkin
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Elliptic Operators ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
The Mean
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