Allied Commission for Austria

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-338
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Laws

Two topics were the subject of discussion in the Allied Council and Executive Committee during August 1949: 1) the question of Allied Control over Austrian political parties; and 2) the western attempt to eliminate censorship over Austrian communications. Concerning the political parties two resolutions were submitted by the French and by the United Kingdom Commissions. The French draft was rejected by the three other commissions and the United Kingdom draft, declaring that the Allied Council had decided that political parties needed “no longer obtain the authorization of the Allied Council as required by the decision of the 11th September 1945“ and the “Austrian Government will be responsible for regulating the formation and activity of political parties or organizations according to provisions of international laws,“ was adopted by the Council. The Soviet representative objected to this and to a second French proposal. The United States and United Kingdom agreed to a French suggestion that the Allied Council meet in an extraordinary session to consider further the French position and the question in general but the Soviet High Commissioner refused to accept

Introduction The Birth and Growth of Judicial Review in the Civil Law World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Steven Gow Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom

This book is about the stunning birth and growth of judicial review in the civil law world, since 1945. In Volume I of this two-volume series, I showed that judicial review was born and grew in common law G-20 constitutional democracies and in Israel primarily: (1) when there is a need for a federalism or a separation of powers umpire, (2) when there is a rights from wrongs dynamic, (3) when there is borrowing, and (4) when the political structure of a country’s institutions leaves space within which the judiciary can operate. The countries discussed in Volume I were the following: (1) the United States, (2) Canada, (3) Australia, (4) India, (5) Israel, (6) South Africa, and (7) the United Kingdom....

scholarly journals A Study on the Mainstream of Real Estate Education with Core Term Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Dong-hyun Kim ◽  
Myoung-young Pior
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Estate Education ◽  
Globalization Of Education

This study was conducted to provide basic information about the curricula of real estate education with respect to globalization. The literature, such as the histories and characteristics of real estate education in the United Kingdom and the United States that have historically lead real estate education, are reviewed. We also extract the core terms used in the curricula of departments accredited by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business—International that are leading the globalization of education, and Meikai University, the only university with a real estate department in Japan. In extracting core terms from each country, we proceed with basic terms that constitute the subject titles, not the entire subject title itself. After extracting core terms from each country, we discuss the overall characteristics of real estate education in each country and clarify the main stream of the globalization of real estate education. In addition, by comparing core terms and calculating proximities among Japan, the United Kingdom and United States, Japan’s specificities of real estate education are identified.

Emigration from the United Kingdom to the United States: 1860–1913

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell E. Gallaway ◽  
Richard K. Vedder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Migration Stream ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Persecution

Between the years 1860 and 1913 approximately twelve million people took passage from the United Kingdom to extra-European countries. The bulk of the migration stream (about 125,000 people per year) was directed toward the United States; it is this movement of population that is the subject of our article. The flow of individuals from the United Kingdom to the United States in this period ranged from 38,000 in 1861 to 202,000 in 1887 with marked cyclical fluctuations. For example, in 1873 the flow was 167,000 and by 1877 it was only 45,000. Variations of this magnitude pose the interesting intellectual question of whether or not they can be explained. This is not a new question; there are frequent references in the literature to the possible causes of this movement and the emigration from the United Kingdom that it implies. Studies focus on various economic influences on emigration. There is little in this period in the socio-political environment of the United Kingdom that would prompt individuals to emigrate in order to flee intolerable religious or political persecution.

Measurement of Pension Fund Investment Performance.

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 33-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Hager
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fund Investment

In the United States the theoretical and practical aspects of the measurement of investment performance have been well researched, and the investment managers and pension fund trustees are accustomed to having a battery of statistics available on the performance of a pension fund.By contrast, in the United Kingdom, attention has only really been given to this subject in this decade. It has taken time for both investment managers and trustees to appreciate the need to measure performance and to move away from a solely qualitative assessment of the ability of investment managers to one involving a quantitative element.There are just a few papers by U.K. authors on the investment performance of pension funds and the Institute has discussed the subject only once. This was in November 1976 when J. P. Holbrook presented a comprehensive paper covering both theoretical and practical aspects of performance measurement.

A study of the functions of political appointees from a comparative perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110369
Author(s):  
Jun Makita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Real ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Appointees

In this article, the functions of political appointees have been classified by an index on the relation between politics and bureaucracy. Based on that classification, the real states of four democracies, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Japan, have been examined. From this study, the causation consisting of the politico-administrative relation (concretely, the insider-outsider factor and the line-staff factor), the independent value, and the political appointees' functions (advice, decision-making and interface between politicians and civil servants), the dependent value, has been confirmed. Through this examination from a comparative perspective, a proposal of generalization about the political appointees' functions has been presented.

Punishment and the Revocation of Citizenship in the United Kingdom, United States, and Israel

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Lavi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Main Thrust ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Formulation

The article examines the ways in which three common law countries——the United Kingdom, the United States, and Israel——have introduced new rules for the revocation of citizenship that diverge from the traditional common law model. The main thrust of the article is to demonstrate how these new regulations are based on three distinct models of citizenship: citizenship as security, citizenship as a social contract, and citizenship as an ethnonational bond. Instead of critically evaluating each model, the article offers a fourth model for revocation based on the civic notion of citizenship. This model offers a new formulation of the traditional common law duty of allegiance, of its breach, and of the revocation of citizenship as punishment. The article will conclude with the suggestion that this model may be able simultaneously to guarantee the protection of political rights and to safeguard the political community.

A Scale for Measuring a Tory Streak in Canada and the United States

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-614
Author(s):  
Tom Truman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
English Canada ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Canadian

This paper reports the making and testing of an attitude scale to be used in measuring toryism-conservatism in both English Canada and the United States (and any other English-speaking country). The fact that the scale is to be used on both sides of the border affects the kinds of items included in the scale, but more of that later.The inspiration for creating the toryism-conservatism scale came from Gad Horowitz's contention that the political cultures of both the United States and English-speaking Canada are Lockean liberal in content, but the English-Canadian political culture is different from the American because it has a “tory streak” which came in with the United Empire Loyalists, the expelled American “tories,” and was reinforced by later immigrations from the United Kingdom.

Allied Control Councils and Commissions

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advisory Commission

After consideration of possible control machinery and zones of occupation in Austria, the European Advisory Commission agreed that the Allied Control Machinery in Austria should consist of an Allied Council, an Executive Committee, and staffs appointed by the four governments concerned. The whole organization, composed of the governments of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the Provisional Government of the French Republic, was known as the Allied Commission for Austria. The purposes of the Allied Commission, as laid down by the European Advisory Commission, include 1) the separation of Austria from Germany; 2) the establishment of a central Austrian administrative machine; 3) preparation for the establishment of a freely elected Austrian Government; and 4) facilitation of the administration of Austria.

scholarly journals The Rule of Causa Proxima as a Principle of Insurance

2014 ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Manjeet Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject

The rule of Causa promixa (proximate cause) is derived from a latin phrase causa proxima non remota spectator (the immediate, and not the remote cause is to be considered). This article highlights the significance of the rule of causa proxima which is a key principle of insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred and whether it is indeed a result of an insured peril. It primarily discusses about the emphasis laid on the test of proximate cause in Insurance Law, in order to identify the causation of the loss or damage. It makes an effort to substantiate the subject matter by looking into the trends of interpretation of the rule, including in countries like the United Kingdom, the United States, India and Canada.

Political Satire, That Was The Week That Was, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy

2020 ◽  
pp. 152747642094414
Author(s):  
Aniko Bodroghkozy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
American Television ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Transatlantic History ◽  
Transatlantic Exchange ◽  
History Of

The political satire boom in the United States and the United Kingdom experienced a brief, albeit notorious success on British and American television, most notably represented by That Was The Week That Was. In the United States, the satire boom largely evaporated with the assassination of President Kennedy. This article examines the transatlantic history of this iconic programme during the Kennedy years and how that transatlantic exchange manifested in the midst of the immediate aftermath of Kennedy’s death with the British satirists’ hastily produced tribute episode a day after the American president’s assassination, its broadcast on NBC twice in the days following the assassination, and the Anglophilic response by American audiences to the programme in voluminous letters sent to the BBC.

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