Effect of egg transfer on the skin follicles and birthcoats of Finnish Landrace and Soay lambs

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marca Burns ◽  
M. L. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Skin Samples

SummaryThe birthcoats of Finnish Landrace lambs showed a wide range of halo-hair grades but all had strongly checked fibre type arrays, which were either Plain or Valley. Transfer to Welsh Mountain dams reduced the effect of prenatal check, giving fewer sickle fibres and increased halo-hair and/or super sickle A percentage. Transfer to Border Leicester tended to have the opposite effect. Fibre diameter measurements made on skin samples indicated an increase in primary fibre diameter in transfers into Welsh dams, but no difference in transfers into the Border Leicester.All Soay samples had Grade VII halo-hair density and Plateau or Saddle arrays. Transfer of Soay eggs to Finnish Landrace ewes increased the percentage of sickle fibres mainly at the expense of hairy-tip curly-tips. Skin samples from the transferred Soays indicated reduced primary fibre medullation, and evidence of retarded secondary follicle development.Thus in both breeds the birthcoat changed slightly in the direction of that of the foster-dam. There was, however, no indication that increased prenatal check was associated with increased foetal size. It is therefore concluded that changes in birthcoat as a result of egg transfer are more probably due to direct effects of the maternal environment than to the effect of foetal size as previously postulated.

scholarly journals Improving the nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy increases the fleece weight and reduces the fibre diameter of their progeny's wool during their lifetime and these effects can be predicted from the ewe's liveweight profile

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Thompson ◽  
M. B. Ferguson ◽  
D. J. Gordon ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
C. M. Oldham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Nutrition of ewes during pregnancy can have permanent impacts on the production potential of their progeny. The hypothesis tested in the experiments reported in this paper was that improving the nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation increases the fleece weight and reduces the fibre diameter of their progeny’s wool during their lifetime. In addition, that these effects on the progeny’s wool production can be predicted from the ewe’s liveweight profile. At sites in Victoria and Western Australia in each of 2 years, a wide range in the liveweight and condition score profiles of Merino ewes was generated by varying the amount of supplements fed from joining to Day 100 of pregnancy and the amount of feed on offer grazed from Day 100 to weaning. The site in Victoria was based on perennial pastures and included both single- and twin-bearing ewes whereas the site in Western Australia was based on annual pastures and included single-bearing ewes only. The production and characteristics of wool from the progeny were measured until 51 months of age at the site in Victoria and 33 months of age at the site in Western Australia. The nutritional treatments and the resulting changes in ewe liveweight had significant impacts on the fleece weight and to a lesser extent the fibre diameter of wool produced by their progeny, but there were no consistent effects on other characteristics of progeny fleece wool. The fleece weight of the progeny was related to the liveweight change during pregnancy of their mothers (P < 0.05) and the relationships were similar for the two experiments at each site. At the site in Victoria, a loss of 10 kg in ewe liveweight between joining and Day 100 of pregnancy reduced fleece weight by ~0.2 kg at each shearing until 51 months of age whereas gaining 10 kg from Day 100 of pregnancy to lambing had the opposite effect. The effect of changes in ewe liveweight during late pregnancy on the fleece weight of their progeny at each shearing was of similar magnitude at the site in Western Australia. When evident, the effect of the ewe liveweight profile on the fibre diameter of progeny wool was opposite to the effect on clean fleece weight and the effect of poor nutrition in early to mid pregnancy could be completely overcome by improving nutrition during late pregnancy. Twin-born and reared progeny produced ~0.3 kg less clean wool at each shearing (P < 0.001) that was 0.3-μm broader (P < 0.001) than that from single-born progeny at the site in Victoria. However, the effects of varying ewe nutrition and ewe liveweight change during pregnancy on fleece weight and fibre diameter of progeny wool were similar (P > 0.05) for both single- and twin-born or reared progeny. Overall, these results supported our hypothesis and it is clear that the nutritional management of Merino ewes during pregnancy is important for optimal wool production from their progeny during their lifetime.

scholarly journals Red LED light promotes hair follicle development to improve fibre quality in Su line Angora rabbit

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Qin ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Le Shao ◽  
Xiaoqing Pan ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Wool Yield ◽  
Hair Follicle Development

Abstract Background: Light has crucial roles in animal physiological activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different colours of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on rabbit fibre quality and hair follicle development. 50 three-month-old Su line Angora rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups. Treatment groups were exposed to same intensities of red, green and blue LED light under 16 h light:8 h dark photoperiod regimes. Control groups were exposed to white light and black. The trial spanned 73 days. Results: Results showed that LED colours exerted different effects on wool yield, fibre quality, hormones and hair follicle development. The wool yield of red group was higher than that of white, green and black groups (P<0.05). The shoulder fibre length of red group was higher than that of white and green groups (P<0.05). The coarse fibre diameter of white group was lower than that of green and black groups (P<0.05). The fibre diameter of red group was the lowest and was lower by 13.9% than that of control group (P>0.05). The coarse fibre ratio of green group was higher (13.31%) than that of red group (3.81%, P<0.05). The follicle groups of white, green and black groups consisted of 1 primary follicle associated with 3 or 4 secondary follicle groups and those of blue group consisted of 1 primary follicle associated with 5–10 secondary follicle groups. The follicle of red group consisted of numerous secondary follicles and a few primary follicles. In same magnification, the numbers of follicle groups of white, red, green, blue and black groups were 14.0, 16.5, 10.0, 11.67 and 11.0, respectively. The numbers of follicle groups of red and green groups significantly differed (P<0.05). Serum melatonin (MT) of red group was highest than that of white and green groups (P<0.01), higher than that of black group (P<0.05), serumTriiodothyronine (T 3 ) of red group was higher than that of white and black groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Thus, the data reveal that red LED light can improve fibre quality, this may be due to red LED light which can enhance the secretion of melatonin to promote hair follicle development .

Post-natal follicle development and fleece changes in two selection lines of Scottish Blackface sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fine Line ◽  
And Control ◽  
Skin Samples

SUMMARYFleece and skin samples were taken at intervals from birth to 86 days from Scottish Blackface lambs born into one line selected for hairiness, another for fineness and an unselected control line. The birthcoats in the Hairy line were longer than those in the Fine line, and had a predominance of Plateauo and Pi fibre type arrays, whereas P2 and P3 arrays predominated in the Fine line. The Hairy group had significantly more halo hairs and hairy-tip curly-tip fibres, but significantly fewer histerotrichs.Most secondary follicles had fibres by 56 days, and development appeared to be faster in the Control than in the other two groups. The Hairy and Control groups had consistently high percentages of primary medullation, whereas the Fine group had a peak at 14 days. The Fine group had consistently low secondary medullation, whereas it increased in the Hairy and Control lambs, apart from a set-back at 28 days.Up to 56 days the Fine group had no fibre shedding in the skin, and the Hairy group had most, although the incidence in any sample was less than 2%. There was more follicle inactivity at 86 days, and the Fine group then had most.

Skin follicle development in Cheviot × Dorset Horn cross foetuses

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie B. Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Development ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
Skin Samples

SUMMARYSkin samples were used to evaluate the developing skin follicle population of Cheviot × Dorset Horn cross foetuses. The follicle population was studied from the first appearance of skin follicles (55 days' gestation) to the end of gestation. The pattern of development of primary and secondary follicles is described, and compared with the data available for other breeds. The occurrence of secondary follicle branching, previously confirmed only in the Merino, is described, and the ‘prenatal check’, an important feature of follicle development which had not previously been investigated in prenatal studies, is briefly discussed.

Maternal and genetic influences on follicle and fleece development in Lincoln and Welsh Mountain sheep—a study involving egg transfer

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wiener ◽  
J. Slee
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Maternal Influences ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
General Average

SUMMARYBy mean of egg transfer, lambs of a large breed of sheep (Lincoln) were born out of dams of a small breed (Welsh Mountain) and vice versa. One breed was approximately twice the weight of the other. The effects of this contrast in maternal environment upon the development of the wool follicles and upon subsequent wool production are described in this paper. These effects are compared with differences between singles and twins.Data were obtained from skin and wool samples taken at birth and at 84 days post-partum.Genetic differences were the largest single source of variation for most of the component characters of the skin and fleece.Strong maternal influences were in evidence. These were shown to have affected both Lincoln and Welsh lambs in a general (average) way and also to have had different, specific effects on each genotype as shown by genotype-environment interactions. Differences in maternal environment following egg transfer, clearly affected follicle density, primary/secondary follicle ratio, fibre medullation, fibre diameter and fibre length. Wool production was not affected, apparently because reduced follicle density was associated with increased fibre length.In the comparison between singles and twins the latter appeared to suffer a post-natal rather than a pre-natal restriction of secondary follicle development, and in the absence of extra fibre growth there was reduced wool production at 84 days.

Relationships between skin follicle characteristics and fibre properties of Suri and Huacaya alpacas and Peppin Merino sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ferguson ◽  
B. A. McGregor ◽  
R. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibre Traits ◽  
Fibre Characteristics ◽  
Skin Samples

We aimed to quantify the number, type and arrangement of skin follicles in Huacaya and Suri alpaca skin and correlate their follicle characteristics with fibre traits of harvested fibre and compared these relationships with those of Merino sheep. Fibre and skin samples were collected from the mid-side of 12 Huacaya alpacas, 24 Suri alpacas and 10 Merino sheep. The mean fibre diameter (MFD ± s.e.) of the Huacaya and Suri were: 35.5 ± 0.9 and 28.3 ± 1.0 μm, respectively. The follicle groups found for alpacas were very different from the normal trio of primary follicles found in sheep and goats. The follicle group of the alpacas consisted of a single primary follicle surrounded by a variable number of secondary follicles. The mean ± s.e. primary follicle density was 3.1 ± 0.3 and 2.7 ± 0.1 follicles/mm2 for Huacaya and Suri, respectively. The mean ± s.e. secondary follicle density (SFD) was 13.7 ± 1.2 and 17.5 ± 0.6 follicles/mm2 for Huacaya and Suri, respectively. The mean ± s.e. ratio of secondary to primary follicles (S/P ratio) was 5.1 ± 0.5 for the Huacaya and 7.3 ± 0.2 for the Suri alpacas. The sheep had higher S/P ratios and SFD, lower MFD and produced significantly heavier fleeces. The key correlations found between traits in alpacas include a negative correlation between SFD and MFD (r = –0.71, P = 0.001) and a negative correlation between S/P ratio and MFD (r = –0.44, P = 0.003) and a positive correlation between S/P ratio and total follicle density (r = 0.38, P = 0.010). The study revealed that important relationships exist between alpaca skin follicle characteristics and fibre characteristics. It was the number of secondary follicles in a group that imparts density and a corresponding reduced MFD.

Crossing Merino and a coarse wool breed of sheep; a study of the birthcoat of lambs

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Guirgis
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARYBirthooat fibre types were investigated in Barki, Merino and their crosses. The halo hair grade was high in the Barki breed, in the Merino a wide range of grades occurred but the majority was low. A trend of a decrease in halo-hair grade and an increase in non-hairy birthcoats occurred with the increase of Merino proportion in the crosses. An anterior reduction in halo-hair density was encountered in all groups under study.Fibre type arrays were all coarse in Barki and ¼ Merino, the ¾ Merino had 50% fine arrays and 75% of the Merino arrays were fine. A trend towards a maternal influence on the birthcoat was observed in the ⅜ Merino and ⅝ Merino; more fine arrays were encountered in lambs born to dams with more Merino proportion.Within saddle and ravine arrays, CT/Pre-CT ratio was highly significantly correlated with the pre-natal check as indicated by Merino proportion.It was suggested, from the birthcoat studies, that ⅝ Merino might be the best combination in the Merino crosses as far as the fibre type arrays were concerned.Less coarse arrays were encountered in the birthcoat due to selection against kemp in rams used for breeding.

scholarly journals Behavioral medicine challenges in the shadow of a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa T Brooks ◽  
Hannah K Allen ◽  
Louise Thornton ◽  
Tracy Trevorrow
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Health behavior researchers should refocus and retool as it becomes increasingly clear that the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic surpass the direct effects of COVID-19 and include unique, drastic, and ubiquitous consequences for health behavior. The circumstances of the pandemic have created a natural experiment, allowing researchers focusing on a wide range of health behaviors and populations with the opportunity to use previously collected and future data to study: (a) changes in health behavior prepandemic and postpandemic, (b) health behavior prevalence and needs amidst the pandemic, and (c) the effects of the pandemic on short- and long-term health behavior. Our field is particularly challenged as we attempt to consider biopsychosocial, political, and environmental factors that affect health and health behavior. These realities, while daunting, should call us to action to refocus and retool our research, prevention, and intervention efforts

scholarly journals Post-synaptic morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions is linked to muscle fibre type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Mech ◽  
Anna-Leigh Brown ◽  
Giampietro Schiavo ◽  
James N. Sleigh
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Muscle Fibre Type ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Muscle Fibres

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, ultimately facilitating the conversion of motor action potentials to muscle contractions. NMJs have been studied for many years as a general model for synapse formation, development and function, and are known to be early sites of pathological changes in many neuromuscular diseases. However, information is limited on the diversity of NMJs in different muscles, whether muscle fibre type impacts NMJ morphology and growth, and the relevance of these parameters to neuropathology. Here, this crucial gap was addressed using a robust and standardised semi-automated workflow called NMJ-morph to quantify features of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ architecture in an unbiased manner. Five wholemount muscles from wild-type mice were dissected and compared at immature (post-natal day, P7) and early adult (P31-32) timepoints. Post-synaptic AChR morphology was found to be more variable between muscles than that of the motor neuron terminal and there were greater differences in the developing NMJ than at the mature synapse. Post-synaptic architecture, but not neuronal morphology or post-natal synapse growth, correlates with fibre type and is largely independent of muscle fibre diameter. Counter to previous observations, this study indicates that smaller NMJs tend to innervate muscles with higher proportions of fast twitch fibres and that NMJ growth rate is not conserved across all muscles. Furthermore, healthy pre- and post-synaptic NMJ morphological parameters were collected for five anatomically and functionally distinct mouse muscles, generating reference data that will be useful for the future assessment of neuromuscular disease models.Graphical Abstract

Wool follicle development in the New Zealand Romney and N type sheep. II. Follicle population density during foetal development

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
The Face

Quantitative aspects of follicle initiation and development have been studied in a series of N-type and New Zealand Romney foetuses. Density of the follicle population and ratios of secondary to primary follicles were examined on 13 positions of the body which covered the main wool-bearing areas, the face and head, and the limbs. Primary follicle development is initiated first on the head and limbs and throughout subsequent development these regions are most advanced. Primary follicle density reaches a maximum between 75 and 90 days of foetal age, after which it decreases as a result of skin growth. Secondary follicle initiation is more rapid on the wool-bearing areas of the body, and higher ratios of secondary to primary follicles are recorded from these regions. No real differences have been found between N-type and New Zealand Romney foetuses in population density of the different follicle types at any age or in the number of secondary follicles developed per primary follicle. The growth of larger primary fibres and follicles in N-type foetuses is not accompanied by, and does not result from, a lower density of primary follicles. There does not appear to be any marked relation between the decreasing density of primary follicles after 90 days of foetal age and the initiation of secondary follicle anlagen. This fact, and the absence of any differences in the number of secondary anlagen formed per primary follicle in N-types, suggest that crowding in N-types is not a limiting factor in the formation of secondary follicle anlagen.

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