METHOD OF FINDING LOSSES IN THE THROTTLE WINDING AS A RESULT OF THE SKIN EFFECT AND THE PROXIMITY EFFECT

Представлен метод использования расчетных методик и моделирования магнитных полей в двухмерном пространстве для нахождения высокочастотных потерь в обмотке моточных изделий, таких как дроссель или трансформатор. Была проведена работа по анализу литературы по данной теме, а также поднят вопрос оптимизации и адаптации аналитических формул для случая использования проводников круглого сечения и намотки, имеющей неоднородное распределение слоев в окне сердечника. Был также поднят вопрос об аналитическом нахождении длины обмоточного провода намотки с различным количеством слоев и переменного количества используемых при этом витков. Для проведения автоматизации расчета с помощью формул был написан скрипт, строящий зависимость сопротивления переменному току относительно частоты, используя аналитические формулы. Была написана программа для автоматической постановки начальных условий и граничных значений параметров моделирования, процесса самого моделирования электромагнитных полей, анализа полученных данных, а также формирования массива для построения графика полученной при этом зависимости сопротивления от частоты. В данном методе используется свободно распространяемое программное обеспечение как для математических расчетов, так и моделирования электромагнитных полей. Итогом данной работы стало сравнение полученных результатов, которые показали хорошую сходимость и преемственность этапов данного метода Here we present a method for using computational methods and modeling magnetic fields in two-dimensional space to find high-frequency losses in the winding of winding products, such as a choke or transformer. We analyzed the literature on this topic, as well as the issue of optimization and adaptation of analytical formulas for the case of using round-section conductors and winding having a non-uniform distribution of layers in the core window. We discussed the analytical finding of the length of the winding wire of the winding with a different number of layers and a variable number of turns used in this case. To automate the calculation using formulas, we wrote a script that builds the dependence of the resistance to alternating current relative to the frequency using analytical formulas. In addition, we wrote a program for automatically setting the initial conditions and boundary values of the modeling parameters, the process of modeling electromagnetic fields itself, analyzing the data obtained, as well as forming an array for plotting the resulting dependence of resistance on frequency. This method uses freely distributed software for both mathematical calculations and modeling of electromagnetic fields. The result of this work was a comparison of the results obtained, which showed good convergence and continuity of the stages of this method

Evaluation of the discriminatory power of spoligotyping and 19-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR) of Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle in Algeria

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium (M.) bovis and M. caprae is a transmissible disease of livestock, notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). BTB particularly affects cattle and small ruminants and can be transmitted to humans thereby posing a significant threat to veterinary and public health worldwide. M. bovis is the principal cause of bTB in Algeria. In order to better understand the route of spreading and elaborate an eradication program, isolation and characterization of mycobacteria from Algerian cattle was performed. Sixty strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex were analyzed by spoligotyping, thereof 42 by 19-locus-MIRU-VNTR-typing. Spoligotyping revealed 16 distinguishable patterns (Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index [HGDI] of 0.8294), with types SB0120 (n = 20) and SB0121 (n = 13) being the most frequent patterns, representing 55% of the strains. Analyses based on 19-locus-MIRU-VNTR yielded 32 different profiles, five clusters and one orphan pattern, showing higher discriminatory power (HGDI = 0.9779) than spoligotyping. Seven VNTR-loci [VNTR 577 (alias ETR C), 2163b (QU11b), 2165 (ETR A), 2461 (ETR B), 3007 (MIRU 27), 2163a (QUB11a) and 3232 (QUB 3232)] were the most discriminative loci (HGDI ˃ 0.50). In conclusion, 19-locus-MIRU-VNTR yielded more information than spoligotyping concerning molecular differentiation of strains and better supports the elucidation of transmission routes of M. bovis between Algerian cattle herds.

BLOOD AND ACID-BASE CHANGES IN CAILVES EICPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH SALMONELLA TYPHIMPRIUM

The experimental design of this study was included (12) Friesian calves aged between 3-5 weeks. Calves were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of (8) calves were infected experimentally with 1.5 x 10“ of Salmonella typhimurium and often that treatment with chloramphenicol and electrolytes fluid were takes place. Group II consisted of (4) calves were infected with organisms but without treatment. The clinical findings of the disease were characterized by two forms which includes the septicemic and enteric forms. Haematological changes revealed a variable number of the total and differential leukocytic count, increased PCV, fibnnogen and decreased of the total plasma protein. . The changes in the acid-based balance indicate the development of metabolic acidosis.

Recurring outbreaks by the same Escherichia coli ST10 clone in a broiler unit during 18 months

The current investigation aimed at characterizing the cause of multiple disease outbreaks in the same broiler production unit during a course of 18 months. The outbreaks had mortality rates of up to 22%. Escherichia coli was diagnosed as the responsible agent. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis showed that all chicken isolates had identical band patterns. Core genome comparisons demonstrated that the 36 chicken isolates differed with maximum of nine nucleotides indicating that the same E. coli clone was responsible for all seven disease outbreaks despite adherence to the all-in-all production principle and rigorous cleaning and disinfection procedures.

Coenzyme Q0 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through Mitophagy Induction in LPS/ATP-Stimulated Macrophages

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with a variable number of isoprenoid units have exhibited as anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant molecules. Using novel quinone derivative CoQ0 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero side chain isoprenoid), we studied its molecular activities against LPS/ATP-induced inflammation and redox imbalance in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. CoQ0’s non- or subcytotoxic concentration suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and procaspase-1 activation, followed by downregulation of IL1β expression in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Similarly, treatment of CoQ0 led to LC3-I/II accumulation and p62/SQSTM1 activation. An increase in the Beclin-1/Bcl-2 ratio and a decrease in the expression of phosphorylated PI3K/AKT, p70 S6 kinase, and mTOR showed that autophagy was activated. Besides, CoQ0 increased Parkin protein to recruit damaged mitochondria and induced mitophagy in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. CoQ0 inhibited LPS/ATP-stimulated ROS generation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Notably, when LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with CoQ0, Mito-TEMPO (a mitochondrial ROS inhibitor), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS inhibitor), there was a significant reduction of LPS/ATP-stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1β expression. Interestingly, treatment with CoQ0 or Mito-TEMPO, but not NAC, significantly increased LPS/ATP-induced LC3-II accumulation indicating that mitophagy plays a key role in the regulation of CoQ0-inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nrf2 knockdown significantly decreased IL1β expression in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages suggesting that CoQ0 inhibited ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1β expression was suppressed due to the Nrf2 activation. Hence, this study showed that CoQ0 might be a promising candidate for the therapeutics of inflammatory disorders due to its effective anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties.

Growth regulators and their reflection on different hop genotypes cultivated under in vitro conditions

Hops is a new culture in Brazil. Tissue culture can be an important technique for rapid hop propagation. This paper aims to characterize responses from different genotypes under different growth regulators through the interrelationship of response variables important to hop in vitro growth. Three genotypes were cultivated in six culture media with different combinations of growth regulators, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (3-indolacetic acid) and GA3 (gibberellic acid). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and the interrelationship of the response variables was performed by path analysis. American genotypes showed favorable root development under the BAP + IAA combination, while the use of IAA improved shoot development. The origin of genotypes was important for defining the best protocol for in vitro cultivation. The path coefficient showed that the variable number of shoots has stronger direct effect on the number of nodal segments. Additionally, in tissue culture assays, the use of a covariable and proper error distribution significantly increased experimental accuracy.

Karakteristik Peternak Sapi di Sentra Produksi Ternak Potong Di Kabupaten Sorong

The development of beef cattle needs to be supported by regional potential which includes natural resources and human resources. Sorong Regency is one of the areas for beef cattle development in West Papua Province. This research was conducted for three months, from February to April 2021. The study was conducted in four districts that have a high population of beef cattle in Sorong Regency, West Papua Province. namely Salawati District, Segun District, Mayamuk District, and Moisegen. This research was conducted using a survey method with interview techniques and field observations. Breeding experience, education, age have a relationship with the number of livestock kept. The result showed that farmers were in the productive age and had low education. The traditional rearing with extensive system was a common management practice with less than six cows per household. The experience of rearing cattle, age and education had a correlation with number of cows per household (r<0.05). However, there was not very strong relationship with the variable number of beef cattle. The land area factor does not affect the number of livestock and education was not influence management system. It concluded that livestock activity purposed was not up to business level but it was only for saving purposes. Keywords: Beef cattle; Development; Potential; Production; Sorong Abstrak Pengembangan ternak potong perlu didukung oleh potensi wilayah yang mencakup sumberdaya alam dan sumberdaya manusia. Kabupaten Sorong merupakan salah satu wilayah pengembangan ternak potong di Provinsi Papua Barat. Penelitian dilakukan di empat distrik yang memiliki populasi ternak sapi potong yang cukup tinggi di Kabupaten Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat. yaitu Distrik Salawati, Distrik Segun, Distrik Mayamuk, dan Moisegen, pada bulan Februari sampai dengan April 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi lapangan. Kriteria responden pada penelitian ini adalah memiliki sapi > 3 ekor dan memiliki pengalaman beternak lebih dari 3 tahun. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik peternak antara lain: berada pada usia produktif, memiliki pendidikan yang cukup rendah, pengalaman beternak yang cukup lama dan tingkat kepemilikan ternak yang rendah. Sistem pemeliharaan ternak bersifat tradisional dengan pemberian pakan dan pengobatan seminimal mungkin. Pengalaman beternak, pendidikan, umur memiliki hubungan dengan jumlah ternak yang dipelihara. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefiesien korelasi r= (r <0.05). Pengalaman beternak dan pendidikan memiliki keeratan hubungan yang tidak terlalu kuat terhadap variabel jumlah ternak sapi potong. Faktor luas lahan tidak mempengaruhi jumlah ternak yang dipelihara. Hal ini dikarenakan sistem pemeliharaan yang dilakukan peternak dominan dengan sistem umbar terbatas dan pemberian pakan ditambah dari sumber lain seperti pinggir jalan dan sumber lain. Faktor luas lahan tidak mempengaruhi jumlah ternak yang dipelihara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa peternak di sentra peternakan sapi Kabupaten Sorong masih bersifat tradisional yang bertujuan untuk tabungan keluarga dan secara umum belum berorientasi bisnis. Kata kunci: Pengembangan; Potensi; Produksi; Sapi potong; Sorong.

The effectiveness of a distance learning application in light of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of teachers in the Qasr District: فاعلية تطبيق التعلم عن بعد في ظل انتشار جائحة COVID-19 من وجهة نظر المعلمين في لواء القصر

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the application of distance learning in light of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of teachers in the Qasr District, and to reveal the difference in their views towards the effectiveness of the application of distance learning in light of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the variables (gender, educational qualification)., Years of Experience). To achieve its objectives, the study used the sample social survey method, and the use of the questionnaire tool to collect data. The study sample consisted of 192 male and female teachers selected from the basic schools in the Qasr District. The questionnaire was applied via websites to the target group for the study. The results showed that the general level of effectiveness of the distance learning application in light of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of teachers in the Qasr District came at a high level, as the general level of the answers of the study sample reached (3.818), and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average The responses of the study sample members towards the effectiveness of the distance learning application in light of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of teachers in the Qasr District, according to the variable of gender and educational qualification, while the results showed that there were statistically significant differences according to the variable number of years of experience and in favor of the study sample members of the long experience category(10 years and over).

Several Isoforms for Each Subunit Shared by RNA Polymerases are Differentially Expressed in the Cultivated Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.)

Plants contain five nuclear RNA polymerases, with RNA pols IV and V in addition to conserved eukaryotic RNA pols I, II, and III. These transcriptional complexes share five common subunits, which have been extensively analyzed only in yeasts. By taking advantage of the recently published olive tree cultivar (Olea europaea L. cv. Picual) genome, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the genomic composition corresponding to subunits common to RNA pols. The cultivated olive tree genome is quite complex and contains many genes with several copies. We also investigated, for the first time, gene expression patterns for subunits common to RNA pols using RNA-Seq under different economically and biologically relevant conditions for the cultivar “Picual”: tissues/organs, biotic and abiotic stresses, and early development from seeds. Our results demonstrated the existence of a multigene family of subunits common to RNA pols, and a variable number of paralogs for each subunit in the olive cultivar “Picual.” Furthermore, these isoforms display specific and differentiated expression profiles depending on the isoform and growth conditions, which may be relevant for their role in olive tree biology.

MIMICKING SOFT TISSUE TUMOUR- SPINDLE CELL LIPOMA

Spindle cell lipomas (SCL) are slow-growing benign adipocyte tumours that are most commonly seen in (1) the upper back, posterior aspect of the neck, and shoulders . Both genders are affected, but it is more (1) prevalent in males between the ages of 40 and 70 . Spindle cell lipoma is a benign tumour that is frequently confused with (1) liposarcoma. SCLs account for approximately 1.5 percent of all lipomatous tumours reported, making them uncommon . They (2) have a morphology similar to other benign and malignant fatty/spindle cell or myxoid lesions . Microscopically, it is a complex mixture of lipocytes and uniform spindle cells embedded in a mucinous matrix and traversed by (2) a variable number of birefringent collagen bres . Due to the unusual presentation and similar morphology of tumours, early diagnosis is critical; thus, diagnosis is based on clinical examination and conrmed by histopathological ndings. Because SCL has a favourable prognosis, wide local (1) excision is the treatment of choice . This is a case report of a 52-year-old male with a similar presentation in the right upper limb.