Childlessness and union histories: evidence from Finnish population register data

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Saarela ◽  
Vegard Skirbekk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
First Union ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

AbstractFrom an evolutionary perspective, childlessness may be considered a failure, as it implies that there will be no direct transmission of one’s genetic material to later generations. It is also a pressing social issue, because in many contemporary advanced societies, levels of childlessness have increased, and particularly so among men. The absence of a partner is naturally a fundamental determinant of childlessness. Empirical evidence on how childlessness relates to individuals’ partnership histories is nevertheless limited. This issue was analysed with Finnish population register data, which allow the complete cohabitation and marriage histories of individuals from age 18 years to be observed. For women and men born between 1969 and 1971, logistic regression models were estimated for childlessness at age 40 by partnership histories in terms of various stages in the process of union formation and dissolution, and accounting for several socioeconomic variables. A strong link between union histories and childlessness was found, with short partnership spells raising the risk of not becoming a parent. Later age when leaving the parental home raised female childlessness, while a short first-union duration related more strongly to male childlessness. These findings may be considered as providing insights into how specific life-history strategies affect reproductive outcomes, and highlight the need to develop new approaches to understand this feature of social inequality.

scholarly journals Microsimulation of Household and Marital Transitions Leading to Childlessness Among Dutch Women Born Between 1971 and 2000

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Boissonneault ◽  
Joop de Beer
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Marital Transitions ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Union Instability ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

Abstract After reaching historically low levels among the women born in the early 1940s, childlessness has been increasing in most Western countries among women born in the 1950s and 1960s. This increase took place as patterns of transition to adulthood have become increasingly late, protracted, and complex. Yet, it is precisely those women who enter a first relationship late, spend more time as single, and experience union instability who more often remain childless. This suggests that levels of childlessness will continue to increase as younger cohorts complete their childbearing histories. In this study, we use microsimulation to project the household and union formation histories of cohorts of Dutch women born between 1971 and 2000. Results suggest that childlessness will actually decrease among cohorts born between 1971 and 1983 and then increase among those born between 1984 and 2000. The decrease occurs as pathways of household and union formation become later, more protracted, and more complex, but also as cohabiting women start to exhibit a higher propensity to become mothers. The increase, on the other hand, occurs as pathways become somewhat less protracted and complex, but also as the propensity of cohabiting women to become mothers returns to previous levels and as age at leaving the parental home strongly rises. Childlessness levels appear to increasingly depend on the childbearing decisions of cohabiting couples and on age at leaving the parental home.

En tránsito hacia la adultez: eventos en el curso de vida de los jóvenes en México / The Transition to Adulthood: Events in the Life Course of Youth in Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Javier Echarri Cánovas ◽  
Julieta Pérez Amador
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
First Union ◽  
Born Child ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restrictive Environment ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
First Job ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México. Para ello, analizamos el calendario y la intensidad de los eventos característicos de esta transición: salida de la escuela, primer empleo, salida del hogar paterno, primera unión y primer hijo nacido vivo. Asimismo, buscamos las interrelaciones entre estos eventos y nos enfocamos en los factores que puedan acelerar o retardar su ocurrencia. Con base en la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2000, los resultados de este trabajo revelan que la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México no necesariamente sigue la secuencia normativa con la cual ha sido definida. Los jóvenes mexicanos no concluyen sus estudios antes de empezar a trabajar; más bien, la primera transición que realizan es la incorporación al mercado de trabajo. Igualmente, aunque la mayoría deja la casa paterna para casarse o unirse, algunos ya casados y con hijos todavía residen con sus padres. Encontramos también importantes disparidades entre sexos y entre localidades de residencia no sólo en la edad a la ocurrencia de los eventos, sino también en el lapso que les toma a los jóvenes transitar hacia la adultez. Finalmente, mediante la aplicación de modelos de análisis de historia de eventos, encontramos que vivir en un ambiente restrictivo acelera la ocurrencia de los cinco eventos; por el contrario, la comunicación con los padres y una mejor situación económica retrasan su ocurrencia. AbstractThe fundamental thrust of this paper is to explore the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico. To this end, the authors analyze the calendar and intensity of the characteristic events of this transition: leaving school, first job, leaving the parental home, first union and first live-born child. They also explore the interrelations between these events and focus on the factors that may accelerate or delay their occurrence. On the basis of the National Youth Survey 2000, the results of this article show that the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico does not necessarily follow the normative sequence on the basis of which it has been defined. Young Mexicans do not finish their studies before starting work; instead, their first transition entails entering the job market. Likewise, although the majority leaves the parental home to marry or to live with someone, some still live with their parents even though they are married and have children. There are also significant differences between the sexes and places of residence, not only as regards the age at which events occur but also in the time it takes young people to make the transition to adulthood. Finally, through the application of models for analyzing the history of events, the authors found that living in a restrictive environment accelerates the occurrence of these five events. Conversely, communication with one’s parents and a better financial situation delay their occurrence

scholarly journals The Transition to a Coresidential Partnership: Who Moves and Who Has the Partner Move In?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Krapf ◽  
Clara H. Mulder ◽  
Michael Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Local Family

AbstractMoving into a joint household is an important step in the process of union formation. While a growing body of literature investigates differences between those couples who start coresidence and those who do not, we know little about the likelihood of moving upon the start of coresidence. The aim of this paper is to investigate how individual and couple-level characteristics are associated with moving, or having a partner move in, at the start of coresidence. We use data from 10 waves of the German Family Panel pairfam for those who started coresidence (n = 983) and estimate logistic regression models of moving versus having a partner move in. The respondents in the sample are quite young with a mean age of 27. For long-distance relationships, those with a higher level of education than their partner and women who were living in close proximity to their parents were less likely to move. In short-distance relationships, respondents living in the parental home or in crowded housing were more likely to move than those living in uncrowded housing. In contrast with previous research, we did not find that women were more likely to move than men. Our results highlight that factors like educational resources, housing demands, and local family ties have differential effects on moving decisions at the start of coresidence depending on the distance moved.

scholarly journals Ambivalence in adulthood: Leaving the parental home

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Celia Regina HENRIQUES ◽  
Terezinha FÉRES-CARNEIRO ◽  
Andrea Seixas MAGALHÃES
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Relational Space ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The City ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand the articulation of dialogues during the emerging adult's leaving home process including the problematization and tensions involved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 middle-class young adults, aged 26 to 36, who still lived with their parents in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Several categories emerged from the content analysis, among which three are presented in this article: apprehension concerning the relational space, agreements and negotiations, and the perceptions of leaving the parental home. It was verified that leaving the parental home is a dynamic process negotiated between family members. It became evident that the gains and losses from living together for a long period of time are part of an ambivalent relational environment. The time necessary for the development of parent-children relationship cannot be determined chronologically since it is the time necessary for the subjects to understand themselves at a relational level.

scholarly journals PARENTAL RELATIONSHIP QUALITY, FAMILY STRUCTURE HISTORY, AND THE FORMATION OF FIRST UNION IN THE UNITED STATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Roghani
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Parental Relationship ◽  
First Union ◽  
Parental Relationship Quality

This research examines the influence of family structure and parental relationship quality on young adults' first union formation (marriage and cohabitation) from the ages of 16 to 35. This study also examines whether the impact of the family varies significantly by age. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, an event history analysis is conducted to address how the mechanisms of social learning by family affect the timing and types of first union formation. This research shows an individual with lower parental relationship quality and parental divorce cohabit during adolescence and early adulthood to leave the familial conflict home environment. Furthermore, intact family and higher relationship quality between parents are associated with a greater likelihood of marriage than cohabitation. This study suggests that parental divorce during adolescence affects the timing and types of the first union formation. In contrast, parental divorce in the later stage of the transition to adulthood is not associated with the first family formation behavior. Although young adults with different levels of parental relationship quality had the same rates of marriage, lower marital relationship quality is associated with higher rates of cohabitating. Adolescents who suffer from parental divorce and lower parental relationship quality with better socioeconomic status have lower rates of cohabitating but the same odds of marrying with lower socioeconomic status counterparts. These findings suggest that future policy should include socioeconomic factors in assessing parents' relationships and their offspring's family formation behaviors

scholarly journals First union formation in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: patterns across countries and gender

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 247-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalev Katus ◽  
Allan Puur ◽  
Asta Põldma ◽  
Luule Sakkeus
Keyword(s):  
Union Formation ◽  
First Union ◽  
And Gender

La lenta affermazione delle convivenze prematrimoniali in Italia

2013 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Monica Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
Instrumental Reasons

The aim of this article is to investigate the phenomenon of cohabitation in Italy through Istat data on the cohabitation trends in the last decades and the results of a qualitative research, based on in-depth interviews among people who cohabited or married after cohabitation, with or without children. The analysis of the interviews shows that the meaning of cohabitation changes according to the experiences of leaving the parental home and the life course stages crossed by interviewees. Marriage is valued for its legal and functional aspects, as a protection of the less financial independent partner. So it becomes a necessity only if the financial condition between partners is unbalanced in order to redress this asymmetry. If the partner conditions are equal - which is the case of the interviewees - marriage does not add benefits. Therefore all social and religious aspects of marriage are excluded by interviewees who were married or plan to marry only for instrumental reasons.

scholarly journals Associations of early adulthood life transitions with changes in fast food intake: a latent trajectory analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Winpenny ◽  
Megan R. Winkler ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Esther M. F. van Sluijs ◽  
Nicole Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
Major Life Transitions

Abstract Background Early adulthood is a period of rapid personal development when individuals experience major life transitions (e.g. leaving the parental home, leaving education, beginning employment, cohabitation and parenthood). Changes in social and physical environments associated with these transitions may influence development of health-related behaviours. Consumption of fast food is one behaviour associated with poor diet and long-term health outcomes. In this study we assess how frequency of fast food consumption changes across early adulthood, and how major life transitions are associated with changes in fast food intake. Methods Data were collected across four waves of the Project EAT study, from mean age 14.9 (SD = 1.6) to mean age 31.1 (SD = 1.6) years. Participants reporting data at two or more waves were included (n = 2902). Participants reported past week frequency of eating food from a fast food restaurant and responded to questions on living arrangements, education and employment participation, and having children. To assess changes in fast food we developed a latent growth model incorporating an underlying trajectory of fast food intake, five life transitions, and time-invariant covariates. Results Mean fast food intake followed an underlying quadratic trajectory, increasing through adolescence to a maximum of 1.88 (SE 0.94) times/week and then decreasing again through early adulthood to 0.76 (SE 2.06) times/week at wave 4. Beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent both contributed to increases in fast food intake, each resulting in an average increase in weekly fast food intake of 0.16 (p < 0.01) times/week. Analysis of changes between pairs of waves revealed stronger associations for these two transitions between waves 1–2 (mean age 14.9–19.4 years) than seen in later waves. Leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation were associated with decreases in fast food intake of − 0.17 (p = 0.004) and − 0.16 (p = 0.007) times/week respectively, while leaving full-time education was not associated with any change. Conclusions The transitions of beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent were associated with increases in fast food intake. Public health policy or interventions designed to reduce fast food intake in young adults may benefit from particular focus on populations experiencing these transitions, to ameliorate their impact.

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