Some Neglected Factors in the English Industrial Revolution

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
English Industrial Revolution

The economic differences between the Europeans on the eve of industrialization and the currently less developed peoples has assumed a certain degree of importance in the recent literature. It has been argued that West Europeans had significantly higher per capita incomes than do most of the peoples of the world today and that the levels of living of many people fell off during the process of early industrialization. Obviously, the argument is important in that the levels of living found in most of today's less developed peoples could not decline significantly widiout the risk of disaster.

Influence of Industry 4.0 on Asia

2022 ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Xuan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Achievement Motive ◽  
Affiliation Motive ◽  
The World ◽  
Power Motive ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structure Equation Modelling

As the challenge of big data impacts how we understand cultural differences, a motive-integrated model of culture is becoming an effective strategy to study current culture divergence by the fourth industrial revolution called “Industry 4.0.” This study examines the impact of Industry 4.0 with COVID-19 vaccines on motives and cultures of the world and Asia in the post-COVID-19 era. Structure equation modelling has been conducted on the data in 38 countries during the period of 2006-2021. Findings indicate that Industry 4.0 has enhanced the achievement motive in the reactive culture and the power motive in the multi-linear culture, but it has decreased the affiliation motive in the linear active culture. In addition, Industry 4.0 has enhanced the gross domestic product per capita (GDP) in the linear active and reactive cultures, but it has decreased the GDP in the multi-linear cultures. Finally, Industry 4.0 has made the power and affiliation motives in Asia decrease, but it has increased the achievement motive in Asia.

Culturomics 2.0: Forecasting large-scale human behavior using global news media tone in time and space

First Monday ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalev Leetaru
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
News Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability

News is increasingly being produced and consumed online, supplanting print and broadcast to represent nearly half of the news monitored across the world today by Western intelligence agencies. Recent literature has suggested that computational analysis of large text archives can yield novel insights to the functioning of society, including predicting future economic events. Applying tone and geographic analysis to a 30–year worldwide news archive, global news tone is found to have forecasted the revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya, including the removal of Egyptian President Mubarak, predicted the stability of Saudi Arabia (at least through May 2011), estimated Osama Bin Laden’s likely hiding place as a 200–kilometer radius in Northern Pakistan that includes Abbotabad, and offered a new look at the world’s cultural affiliations. Along the way, common assertions about the news, such as “news is becoming more negative” and “American news portrays a U.S.–centric view of the world” are found to have merit.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 303-318
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Per Capita

This concluding chapter discusses how most countries around the world have experienced significant increases in per capita income and improvements in human development during the last two centuries. For instance, GDP per capita in the area within Turkey's current borders has increased approximately fifteenfold since 1820. While Turkey did slightly better than the averages for the developing countries, the gap with developed countries widened significantly. The most basic reason for this pattern was the relatively rapid industrialization in Western Europe and North America, while Turkey as well as other developing countries stayed mostly with agriculture. The most important proximate cause of the large divergence in per capita incomes between Western Europe and much of the rest of the world was the very different rates of adoption of the new technologies of the Industrial Revolution.

scholarly journals Standard of Living & Quality of Life Relies on Innovation: Innovation Relies on Engineering Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Ruth ◽  
Warren Stiver
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

Quality of life has advanced since the industrial revolution and this advancement has accelerated with the information revolution. Life expectancy has increased, catalytic converters protect our air, a disabled athlete runs with the fastest runners in the world1, and global real GDP per capita has grown by a factor of 2.5 over the past 50 years2. This quality of life advancement is the result of continuous innovation. In today’s global economy, innovation is essential for Canada to compete (even to participate) and to continue advancing our quality of life. Collective global innovation has never been more critical. World population growth (7 billion and counting), diminishing non-renewable resources (oil and beyond) and escalating environmental challenges (climate change and pollution) all require global scale innovations or our collective quality of life will not be sustained. Canadians have contributed much to the world including the telephone and smartphone, CANDU® reactors, snowmobiles, IMAX®, and the pacemaker. However, over the last number of years, there have been multiple reports critical of Canada’s capacity for technological innovation3 and studies that offer strategies for improvement.4 While it is true that innovation is essential to the future of both Canada and the world, innovation is only a means to an end and it is incumbent on us to define the desired ends. Innovation can be a means to a higher quality of life and a more sustainable future for generations to come or it can simply be a means to increase the financial prosperity of the nation. To achieve the ends we value, it is essential to measure innovation in terms of these ends, not in terms of subtle differences in the rate of change in the GDP per capita. Are our innovations leading to cleaner water for all, a healthier and complete diet for all, and meaningful employment for all?

scholarly journals John Banks: an independent and itinerant lecturer of natural and experimental philosophy at the threshold of the English industrial revolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Soares
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
The World ◽  
Mechanical Physics ◽  
English Industrial Revolution

In eighteenth-century England, courses of natural and experimental philosophy delivered by independent and/or itinerant lecturers, whose textbooks and syllabi were based on Newtonian physics, became the main instruments for spreading and popularizing the idea of applied science. This effectively represented the application of the results of scientific knowledge to the population’s needs and to the production of the material components of life. Thus, the activities of independent and/or itinerant lecturers, with their courses and publications, helped to spread knowledge on the principles of mechanical and experimental science among the men who became protagonists of their country’s transformation into the first industrial power in the world. One among those lecturers was John Banks (1740–1805), who offered courses and specialized knowledge on mechanical physics and machinery to many manufacturers, engineers and mechanics, who stood at the forefront of England’s industrial transformation and was himself one of the main intellectual exponents of this process.

scholarly journals ONLINE BUYING AND SELLING TRANSACTIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhsan Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
World Today ◽  
International Private Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Online Buying ◽  
Modern Era

Development of business transactions especially buying and selling has globally impact to daily activities, and in modern era it disrupted by technology. Distance and time was no longer an obstacle in terms of getting the desired goods or services. The buying and selling transaction is then called online buying and selling transaction, a term commonly used by business actors in Indonesia and even the world. Civilizations and actions of a person change drastically in fulfilling his desire to get something what he wants. The online buying and selling transaction is even considered the 5th Industrial Revolution for the order of trade and industrial civilization in the world today. This paper will see and examine online buying and selling transactions from the perspective of the International Private Law, because it is not impossible this online buying and selling transactions cross the border of the country. It is hoped that this paper will give different insight and perspective for readers about online transaction.

scholarly journals O MECANISMO E AS BASES INTELECTUAIS DA REVOLUÇÃO INDUSTRIAL INGLESA

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Soares
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The World ◽  
English Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Scientific Conception

Neste artigo, pretende-se relacionar o processo de emergência da Revolução Industrial inglesa ao desenvolvimento de uma concepção filosófico-científica Mecanicista, consagrada pela Física Newtoniana e pela Ilustração no século XVIII, que concebiam a Natureza, o Mundo, e o Universo a partir de uma ordem mecânica objetiva e exterior ao Homem. No decorrer do século XX, a ampla divulgação do Mecanicismo possibilitou que essa concepção se tornasse uma das poderosas alavancas intelectuais da grande transformação técnicoprodutiva e social que se verificou na Inglaterra a partir dos anos 1780 – a Revolução Industrial. Abstract This article intends to associate the emergency of the English Industrial Revolution to the development of a mechanical, philosophical and scientific conception - consecrated by the Newtonian Physics and the Enlightenment in the 18th century -, which conceived the Nature, the World and the Universe as an objective, mechanical and external order to the Man. Throughout the 18th century, the wide divulgation of the Mechanism enabled it to become one of the powerfull intelectual levers of the Industrial Revolution, the process of technical, economic and social transformation that had taken place in England from the 1780’s onwards.

Capitalism Mistaken? The Economic Decline of Surinam and the Plantation Loans, 1773–1850; A Rehabilitation

Itinerario ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Emmer
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

Has Europe grown rich because it expanded overseas? According to recent scholarship the answer must be no. During the period between 1500 and 1750 Europe's economy did not provide its inhabitants with a per capita income that was significantly higher than that in other parts of the world. Europe – and only the Western part of it – started to become richer after the Industrial Revolution from 1750 onwards. This far most attempts at linking the expansion of Europe to the Industrial Revolution have failed.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

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