Middle Miocene fossil grasses from Fort Ternan, Kenya

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Dugas ◽  
Gregory J. Retallack
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
New South ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Dry Woodland

At the well-known fossil mammal locality of Fort Ternan in southwestern Kenya, radiometrically dated at about 14 million years old (middle Miocene), fossil grasses have been preserved by nephelinitic sandstone in place of growth above a brown paleosol (type Onuria clay). Large portions of grass plants as well as fragments of leaves have revealed details of silica bodies, stomates, and other taxonomically important features under the scanning electron microscope. The computer database for grass identification compiled by Leslie Watson and colleagues was used to determine the most similar living grass genera to the five distinct kinds of fossil found. Two of the fossil species are assigned to Cleistochloa kabuyis sp. nov. and C. shipmanae sp. nov. This genus includes one species from low fertility dry woodland soils of New South Wales and Queensland and a second species from “raw clay soils” in western New Guinea. A third fossil species, represented by a large portion of a branching culm, is assigned to Stereochlaena miocenica sp. nov. This genus includes five species of low-fertility woodland soils in southeastern Africa. Both Cleistochloa and Stereochlaena are in the supertribe Panicanae of the subfamily Panicoideae. A fourth species is assigned to Distichlis africana sp. nov. and provides a biogeographic link between the single species of this genus now living in coastal grasslands in southeastern Australia and the 12 species of dunes and deserts found throughout the Americas from Patagonia and the West Indies to the United States and Canada. A fifth species is, like D. africana, in the subfamily Chloridoideae, but its stomata were not seen and it could belong to Cyclostachya, Pogoneura, or Polevansia. This earliest known wooded grassland flora in Africa is taxonomically unlike the modern grass flora of fertile volcanic African landscapes, and may have been recruited from an archaic grass flora of Gondwanan desert and lateritic soils.

Forum Non Conveniens and Antisuit Injunctions: An Update

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Lowenfeld
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
New South ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
Court Of First Instance

In the April 1997 issue of the Journal, I reported on three cases in which the response to an action brought in the court of one country led not to an answer, but to a countersuit in another country—for an antisuit injunction, a declaration of nonliability or both. One of the cases I discussed arose out of a controversy between an asbestos manufacturer, CSR, and a group of insurance companies, the Cigna Group, that may or may not have been obligated to defend and indemnify the manufacturer in respect of claims in the United States for product liability. The manufacturer brought suit in federal court in New Jersey, raising both contract and antitrust claims. The insurers, as I reported, succeeded in securing an antisuit injunction in the Supreme Court of New South Wales (a court of first instance), and thereafter in defeating a motion by the manufacturer to stay or dismiss, on grounds of forum non conveniens, the insurers’ action seeking a declaration of nonliability. I thought that outcome was wrong: in my view, the Australian court should not have stepped into the controversy, and the insurers should have brought their challenge to the jurisdiction and suitable venue of the New Jersey court in that court.

Further Studies of Lung Parasites (Nematoda) From Australian Marsupials.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Spratt
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
New Host ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Host Parasite

Seven new taxa in two families of metastrongyloid nematodes are described from the lungs of five host species belonging to the Dasyuridae, Phalangeridae and Macropodidae. Filaroides (Filaroides) athertonensis, sp. nov., (Filaroididae) is described from Thylogale stigmatica Gould in north Queensland. The following species of Marsupostrongylus Mackerras & Sandars, 1953, (Angiostrongylidae) are described as new: M. parallelus, sp. nov., from Satanellus hallucatus (Could) in the Northern Territory; M. pseudominesi, sp. nov., from Trichosurus vulpecula johnstonii (Ramsay) in north Queensland; M. vandiemeni, sp. nov., from macro pus rufogriseus rufogriseus (Desmarest) in Tasmania; and M. wallabiae, sp. nov., from Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest) and Macropus rufogriseus banksianus (Quoy & Gaimard) in New South Wales. To the formerly monotypic genus Filostrongylus Mackenas, 1955, (Angiostrongylidae) is added F. tridendriticus, sp. nov., described from Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr) in Tasmania. The genus Cosmostrongylus (Angiostrongylidae) is described as new, with a single species C. conspectus, sp. nov., from Thylogale stigmatica Gould in north Queensland. Durikainema sp. (Muspiceoidea: Robertdollfusidae) is diagnosed in histological sections of the lungs of Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), Macropus agilis (Could) and M. giganteus Shaw. Keys to the genera of lung parasites and to all species of Filaroides, Marsupostrongylus and Filostrongylus known from Australian marsupials, new host and new geographic records of known taxa, and a host-parasite list of lung parasites of Australian marsupials, including those known only from histological sections of lung tissue, are provided.

Biodiversity of intertidal marine flatworms (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) in southeastern Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5024 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
JORGE RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
PAT A. HUTCHINGS ◽  
JANE E. WILLIAMSON
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New South ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Molecular Sequencing ◽  
Insight Into

Flatworms of the Order Polycladida are a group of free-living invertebrates found in a diversity of marine habitats, with over 800 species described worldwide. Marine flatworms are a conspicuous component of Australia’s marine fauna yet have received little attention. Less than 30 scientific articles have been published on Australian marine flatworms since 1855, of which only nine include species from southeastern Australia. Here, the biodiversity and distribution of species belonging to the Order Polycladida inhabiting intertidal rocky beaches in southeastern Australian waters were identified and analysed. Sampling was conducted at low tide along the coasts of New South Wales and Victoria. Collected samples were serially sectioned for comparative anatomical studies, and tissue was removed from each individual for molecular sequencing and analyses. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained and used as an additional source of evidence for the description of new species as well as providing further insight into the phylogenetic relationships between them. A total of 20 species, six of which are new (e.g., Eulatocestus australis sp. nov.), and a new genus (Parabolia gen. nov.) have been described, as well as two new records for Australia (e.g., Stylochoplana clara Kato, 1937) have been identified increasing our knowledge of this important component of the Australian marine biota.  

scholarly journals The isolation of an unclassified virus from an outbreak of infantile diarrhoea

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
New South ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Director General ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Infantile Diarrhoea ◽  
South Wales ◽  
State Psychiatric

A virus was isolated from fifteen of nineteen children living in an infants' home during an outbreak of diarrhoea. The virus possesses many of the characteristics of the enterovirus group but is serologically distinct from any of the accepted members of this group. It is non-pathogenic for unweaned mice, non-cytopathic in tissue cultures of monkey kidney, but is rapidly cytopathic for tissue-cultured cells of human origin. It is serologically similar to virus Hu 659 isolated by Abrahams in the United States (personal communication).I should like to thank the Director-General of Public Health and State Psychiatric Services, New South Wales, for permission to publish.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetics and systematic revision of the south-eastern Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel T. Hyman ◽  
Irantzu de la Iglesia Lamborena ◽  
Frank Köhler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
New South ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
The South ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
One New Species

The south-eastern Australian helicarionid clade currently comprises six genera of snails and semislugs united by genital characters, including an epiphallic flagellum that produces a spiraling, spinose spermatophore, the absence of an epiphallic caecum, and the presence of at most a very short vagina. We comprehensively revise the taxonomy of this group based on comparative analyses of key morphological features and mitochondrial markers COI and 16S, revise the placement of several species described recently on the basis of shell morphology alone, and describe new taxa. The snail genus Brevisentis is monophyletic as currently understood, but includes an additional undescribed species from Wollemi National Park, New South Wales. Mysticarion is shown to contain four arboreal semislugs with wide, disjunct ranges, including one new species (Mysticarion obscurior sp. nov.). We synonymise Fastosarion staffordorum with Mysticarion hyalinus. The semislug Desidarion is synonymised with Parmavitrina, and we describe two new species of this genus, P. flavocarinata sp. nov. and P. maculosa sp. nov. The semi-arboreal semislug Cucullarion is herein included in the south-eastern Australian helicarionid clade based on morphological and genetic evidence, despite its more northerly distribution. Two small semislugs so far placed in Peloparion do not group together and a new genus, Ubiquitarion gen. nov., is described for Peloparion iridis. All of these genera, together with the semislug Helicarion (not included here), form a monophyletic radiation endemic to southeastern Australia.

Cereals for winter grazing on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Lovett ◽  
EM Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Species Response ◽  
South Wales

In field experiments conducted over three years at Armidale, New South Wales, the total winter forage production by barley, oats, wheat and rye was similar. However, barley and rye tended to outyield wheat and oats at early harvests, the reverse applying at late harvests. It is suggested that these characteristics of the cereals could be exploited to meet specific seasonal requirements for dry matter production more effectively than is possible with a single species. Response to high seeding rates in forage production was similar in all cereals and was confined to a late sowing. Significant differences in in vitro digestibility over the winter period were recorded and differences were also apparent in subsequent grain yield.

Heavy metal contents of soils and plants adjacent to the Hume Highway near Marulan, New South Wales

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ David ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
New South ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Relative Purity

HCL-extractable zinc, lead, cadmium and copper in soils as well as concentrations of these elements in bracken (Pteridium esculentum) were found to decrease along four leeward traverses at right angles to the Hume Highway near Marulan. Similar results were obtained for the above-ground portions of rye corn (Secale cereale) grown in a glasshouse on soils collected along one of these traverses. Zinc accession is similar to, but cadmium and lead accessions are considerably lower than, those observed by other workers in the United States probably owing in the case of cadmium to the use of purer zinc oxide in Australian tyre manufacture and in the case of lead to smaller cars and a smaller proportion of vehicles operating on leaded fuel. Zinc and cadmium analyses of Australian and foreign tyres confirmed the relative purity of the zinc oxide used in the manufacture of tyres in Australia. No serious health hazard appears to arise from heavy metal contamination of roadside soils and vegetation by vehicular traffic on the Hume Highway.

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