Serpuloidea (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Milos, an island in the Aegean Sea with submarine hydrothermalism

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nike Bianchi ◽  
Carla Morri
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Lessepsian Migrants

Serpuloidea were collected by diving within 45 m depth, by indirect sampling in deeper waters (50 and 81 m), and among the fouling settled on oceanographic instruments at various depths (10, 50, 80 and 83 m depth). A total of 33 species or subspecific taxa was found: 25 Serpulidae and eight Spirorbidae. All the species collected are already known for the western Mediterranean and have Atlantic–Mediterranean or worldwide distribution. Several of these, however, may be species-complexes hiding species with restricted geographic ranges. No Lessepsian migrants were found. The number of species found at vent sites was significantly higher than that found at non-vent sites, although no vent-obligate species were recognized. Hydrothermal vents might influence serpuloidean richness through four main mechanisms: (i) increasing food sources to these filter-feeders, due to the chemiosynthetic production by vent microbiota; (ii) enhancing the development of biogenic carbonate mounds, which provide habitats for encrusting and cryptic species; (iii) inducing advective mechanisms that concentrate larval stages in the vicinity of vents and thus favouring recruitment; (iv) creating, through the periodic emission of toxic fluids, a regime of `intermediate disturbance' that allows a larger number of species to coexist.

scholarly journals Food sources, behaviour, and distribution of hydrothermal vent shrimps at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Gebruk ◽  
E.C. Southward ◽  
H. Kennedy ◽  
A.J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Rimicaris Exoculata ◽  
Tube Worms ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Menez Gwen ◽  
Juvenile Shrimp ◽  
Supporting Structures

Five species of bresilioid shrimp were investigated at seven hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike, Rainbow, Broken Spur, TAG, Snake Pit and Logatchev. Samples were prepared for analysis of stable isotopes, elemental composition and lipids. Shrimp behaviour was observed from the submersible ‘Alvin’ and in the laboratory aboard RV ‘Atlantis’. The distribution and zonation of the shrimp species was recorded. Juvenile shrimp of all species arrive at the vents carrying reserves of photosynthetic origin, built-up in the pelagic larval stages. These reserves are used while the shrimp metamorphose to the adult form and, in Rimicaris exoculata and Chorocaris chacei, while they develop epibiotic bacteria supporting structures, the modified mouthparts and the inside of the carapace. The main food of adult R. exoculata is filamentous bacteria that grow on these structures. The intermediate sizes of C. chacei also feed on such bacteria, but the final stage gets some food by scavenging or predation. Mirocaris species scavenge diverse sources; they are not trophically dependent on either R. exoculata or mussels. Adults of Alvinocaris markensis are predators of other vent animals, including R. exoculata. The dense swarms of R. exoculata, with their exosymbionts, can be compared to endosymbiont-containing animals such as Bathymodiolus and the vestimentiferan tube-worms of the Pacific vents. Such associations, whether endo- or ectosymbiotic, may be necessary for the development of flourishing communities at hydrothermal vents.

Taxonomy, morphology, phylogenetic relationships and distribution of Micropsectra Kieffer, 1909 (Diptera: Chironomidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Säwedal
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Doubtful Species ◽  
Standing Waters

AbstractMicropsectra Kieffer, 1909 is described and diagnoses presented for the imaginal (♂♂), pupal and larval stages; females of the notescens-group are described. The genus contains at present 83 species of which 9 are described on females. The type material for 16 of these species has not been found. 142 species which have been listed under Micropsectra are presented in alphabethical order. This list contains: name of author, reference to description. name of original genus, present status of species, reference to the paper in which this was listed, collection in which the type material is deposited. Morphological characteristics, evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationships of Micropsectra are discussed. The genera Rheotanytarsus, Parapsectra, Krenopsectra, Micropsectra and Paratanytarsus form a monophyletic group within the tribe Tanytarsini. The group is referred to as the Micropsectra series. Rheotanytarsus, the most plesiomorphic genus in the series, has a worldwide distribution. This supports the conclusions reached by the morphological analysis. The genera Parapsectra and Krenopsectra are only known from the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. The great majority of Micropsectra species are found in the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. A smaller number of species occur in the northern part of the Oriental Region, which has the same environmental conditions as the adjacent areas of the Palaearctic Region. Two doubtful species have been reported from India. Genus Paratanytarsus has a wider distribution but clearly has its origin on the northern hemisphere. The habitat selection in the Micropsectra series is studied and compared with the phylogeny. The species within the plesiomorphic genera Rheotanytarsus, Parapsectra and Krenopsectra are found in streams and springs. In the more apomorphic genus Micropsectra many of the species occur in these types of habitats, though there are also a comparatively high number of species occurring in lakes. Paratanytarsus, the most apomorphic genus contains species which inhabit shallow standing waters. It seems probable that the ancestor of the Micropsectra series was an inhabitant of running water. A lectotype is designated for Tanytarsus retusus Goetghebuer.

scholarly journals Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Carlo Nike Bianchi ◽  
Paul R. Dando ◽  
Carla Morri
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance ◽  
Bottom Depth ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Water Bottom

Research on subtidal hydrothermal vent ecosystems at Milos, Hellenic Volcanic Arc (Aegean Sea), suggested that vent activity increased the species richness of sessile epibenthic assemblages. Based on 303 species found in 6 sites (3 close to vents, 3 farther away), the present paper uses correspondence analysis and species/samples curves to examine the species composition and richness of these assemblages. Differences due to vent proximity were more important than those due to bottom depth and distance from the shore. Diversity was confirmed to be higher near the vents, although none of the 266 species found at the vent sites can be considered as obligate vent-associated species. Seven different, although not mutually exclusive, hypotheses are discussed to explain the pattern of increased epibenthic species diversity at the vent sites, namely: (i) vents represent an intermediate disturbance, inducing mortality by the emission of toxic fluids; (ii) higher winter temperature allows for the occurrence of warm-water species, which add to the regional background; (iii) venting disrupts the homogeneity of the water bottom layer, increasing bottom roughness and hence habitat heterogeneity; (iv) deposition of minerals and enhanced bioconstruction by Ca enrichment increment habitat provision; (v) fluid emission induces advective mechanisms that favour recruitment; (vi) vents emit CO2, nutrients and trace elements that enhance primary productivity; and (vii) bacterial chemosynthesis add to photosynthesis to provide a diversity of food sources for the fauna.

scholarly journals Riparian forestry management and adult stream insects

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Briers ◽  
J. H. R. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Coniferous Plantation

Abstract. The impacts of coniferous plantation forestry on the biology of upland streams in the UK are firmly established. Whilst benthic communities have been well studied, very little research has considered the impacts of riparian forestry management on adult stream insects, yet the essentially terrestrial adult (reproductive) phase may be important in determining the abundance and distribution of larval stages. Riparian vegetation has a potentially strong impact on survival and success of adult stages through alteration of microclimate, habitat structure and potential food sources, in addition to effects carried over from larval stages. Here, current riparian management strategies are analysed in the light of available information on the ecology of adult stream insects. On the whole, management practices appear to favour adult stream insects, although an increase in tree cover in riparian areas could be beneficial, by providing more favourable microclimatic conditions for adults. This conclusion is drawn based on rather limited information, and the need for further research into the effects of riparian forestry management on adult stream insects is highlighted. Keywords: microclimate, plantation, life history, riparian vegetation

Checklist of the Red Sea Fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4509 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL GOLANI ◽  
RONALD FRICKE
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Gulf Of Suez ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Suez Gulf ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Main Basin ◽  
Lessepsian Migrants ◽  
Current List

The current checklist provides for each species of the Red Sea its records in the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea main basin and its general distribution.This new checklist of Red Sea fishes enumerates 1207 species, representing 164 families. Of these, 797 species were recorded from the Gulf of Aqaba and 339 from the Gulf of Suez. The number of species from the Gulf of Suez is evidently lower than the actual number not including 27 Lessepsian (Red Sea) migrants to the Mediterranean that most likely occur in the Gulf. The current list includes 73 species that were newly described for science since the last checklist of 2010. The most specious Osteichthyes families are: Gobiidae (134 species), Labridae (66), Apogonidae (59), Serranidae (including Anthiadinae) (44), Blenniidae (42), Carangidae (38), Muraenidae (36), Pomacentridae (35), Syngnathidae (34), Scorpaenidae (24) and Lutjanidae (23). Among the families of Chondrichthyes, the most specious families are the Carcharhinidae (18 species) and Dasyatidae (11). The total number of endemic species in the Red Sea is 174 species, of these, 34 species are endemic to the Gulf of Aqaba and 8 to the Gulf of Suez. 

scholarly journals Arsenic speciation in food chains from mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien F. Taylor ◽  
Brian P. Jackson ◽  
Matthew R. Siegfried ◽  
Jana Navratilova ◽  
Kevin A. Francesconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic Arsenic

Environmental contextArsenic occurs in marine organisms at high levels and in many chemical forms. A common explanation of this phenomenon is that algae play the central role in accumulating arsenic by producing arsenic-containing sugars that are then converted into simpler organic arsenic compounds found in fish and other marine animals. We show that animals in deep-sea vent ecosystems, which are uninhabited by algae, contain the same organic arsenic compounds as do pelagic animals, indicating that algae are not the only source of these compounds. AbstractArsenic concentration and speciation were determined in benthic fauna collected from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents. The shrimp species, Rimicaris exoculata, the vent chimney-dwelling mussel, Bathymodiolus azoricus, Branchipolynoe seepensis, a commensal worm of B. azoricus and the gastropod Peltospira smaragdina showed variations in As concentration and in stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) signature between species, suggesting different sources of As uptake. Arsenic speciation showed arsenobetaine to be the dominant species in R. exoculata, whereas in B. azoricus and B. seepensis arsenosugars were most abundant, although arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinate and inorganic arsenic were also observed, along with several unidentified species. Scrape samples from outside the vent chimneys covered with microbial mat, which is a presumed food source for many vent organisms, contained high levels of total As, but organic species were not detectable. The formation of arsenosugars in pelagic environments is typically attributed to marine algae, and the pathway to arsenobetaine is still unknown. The occurrence of arsenosugars and arsenobetaine in these deep sea organisms, where primary production is chemolithoautotrophic and stable isotope analyses indicate food sources are of vent origin, suggests that organic arsenicals can occur in a foodweb without algae or other photosynthetic life.

scholarly journals ГЕОГРАФІЧНА СТРУКТУРА УРБАНОФЛОР СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
G. G. Derevyanska ◽  
O. Z. Glukhov
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Urban Flora ◽  
Adventive Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transition Type

<p>This paper considers the problem of geographic links between the urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine on the example of the industrial agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka, in comparison with urban flora of Kherson and Kirovograd. We presented the detailed description of special features of the composition of geographic elements of the agglomeration flora. It strongly reflects the characteristic features of steppe urban flora, because its territory is affected by the anthropogenic influence at large extend. The spectrum of geographic ranges of species from the agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka urban flora numbers 6 types, 12 classes and 130 groups of ranges. The urban flora is both represented by species with wide and local ranges, endemics, that point to its significant heterogeneity. However, compared to the flora of Kherson and Kirovograd, the role of holarctic type of ranges in the agglomeration flora (375 species compared to 400 and 522 species, respectively) is reduced in favor of the polyregional type, reflecting active adventization processes. The holarctic class itself is represented by 150 species (16.7%). It far exceeds the number of species of this class in the regional flora (9.2%), since nearly a half of their number in the observed flora is adventive species. Second place by the number of species in the holarctic class belongs to the European and North American group (13; 1.5%). Apart from this, seven more groups of the class, comprising 1-3 species each, are connected with North America. The polyregional type is represented to a large extent by the species of ruderal habitats. The total number of species of this type is 199. The palaearctic class includes the greatest number of ranges of species from the agglomeration urban flora (31); it consists of 175 species (19.5%), that is less than such index for regional flora (27.3%). The European and Old Mediterranean transition type comprises 97 species (10.8%), that is less than in other urban flora of steppe zone (128; 13.3% in Kherson and 171; 18.0% in Kirovograd). The Nomadic type numbers 132 species (14.7%). One more species – Verbascum marschallianum Ivanina et Tzvelev – is related to the Nomadic and European transition type. The Nomadic and Old Mediterranean transition type includes 93 species (10.4%). This all suggests heterogeneity of urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine due to their wide geographic connections. On the one hand, they have features of regional flora, which was formed under the great influence of Old Mediterranean flora and has a significant number of narrow-range and endemic species. On the other hand, under the impact of urbanization one can observe the reduction of the role of ranges of the Nomadic type and the enhanced role of the polyregional type due to the significant number of adventive species.</p><p> </p>

Lessepsian migrants expanding their distributional ranges; Pseudonereis anomala (Polychaeta: Nereididae) in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melih Ertan Çinar ◽  
Zeki Ergen
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Hard Substratum ◽  
Izmir Bay ◽  
Lessepsian Migrants

A total of ten specimens of Pseudonereis anomala (Polychaeta: Nereididae) were collected on the shallow water hard substratum (0·2 m) at four stations located in the inner part of Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean) in January 2004. The absence of this species among the material collected previously at the same stations might suggest that it has recently become established in the area. A re-description of the species together with its ecological, reproductive, feeding and distributional aspects are provided.

The true identities of the slipper lobsters Nisto laevis and Nisto asper (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae) verified by DNA analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Palero ◽  
Guillermo Guerao ◽  
Paul F. Clark ◽  
Pere Abelló
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
North Western

In 1885, Sarato created Nisto as a new genus of slipper lobster and assigned two species to his taxon, namely Nisto laevis and N. asper. Bouvier later regarded these two species as post-larval stages of Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758). This viewpoint of two post-larval stages has been accepted and retained, including being cited in the most recent scyllarid literature. The discovery of N. laevis and N. asper specimens in the reference collection of the Natural History Museum, London and the capture of three nisto-stage individuals, one in the north-western Mediterranean Sea and two in the Gulf of Cádiz (eastern Atlantic Ocean) have facilitated a historical review into the post-larval stages of S. arctus, as well as new detailed morphological descriptions. From the present study, it has been possible to describe and illustrate the nisto stages of S. arctus and S. pygmaeus (Bate, 1888) and to resolve the true identities of N. laevis and N. asper by DNA analysis. Accordingly, N. laevis has been identified as the nisto stage of S. pygmaeus and N. asper as that of S. arctus.

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