Upwelling affects food availability, impacting the morphological and molecular conditions of the herviborous limpet Fissurella crassa (Mollusca: Archeogastropoda)

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pulgar ◽  
Marcela Aldana ◽  
Marco Alvarez ◽  
Roberto Garcia-Huidobro ◽  
Pilar Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reproduction Allocation

Oceanographical processes, such as upwelling, induce variations in nutrient availability in marine ecosystems, and evidence indicates that nutrient input can strongly influence the physiological activities, structure, and dynamics of marine communities. Intertidal organisms have long been considered ideal study units in which to quantify the relationship of physical variations and differential energy allocations in specimens that undergo environmental variations, such as observed with nutrient availability. In habitats with differential nutrient input (upwelling versus non-upwelling), both food availability (algae abundance) and seasonal gonadal and foot weight variations were determined in the keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa. Gonadal weight is used as a measure of reproduction allocation whereas foot weight is an indirect indicator of energy allocation towards survival. RNA:DNA ratio in limpets was used as an indicator of biosynthetic capability. Our results indicate that, in general, algae abundance, muscular foot weight, and gonadal weight were higher in upwelling sites during all seasons studied. The same result was found for RNA:DNA ratios. Energetic allocation in animals that inhabit intertidal upwelling habitats supported a constant allocation towards reproduction and soft tissues. In contrast, animals that inhabit non-upwelling habitats showed important energetic restrictions associated with higher water temperature and lower food availability. Our results clearly show that in the keyhole limpet F. crassa food availability is a more important determinant of an individual's condition than a physical variation such as environment temperature.

Surgical Anatomy for Extended Facelift Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Ismet Emrah Emre
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extended Techniques ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPreservation of the facial nerve is crucial in any type of facial procedure. This is even more important when performing plastic surgery on the face. An intricate knowledge of the course of the facial nerve is a requisite prior to performing facelifts, regardless of the technique used. The complex relationship of the ligaments and the facial nerve may put the nerve at an increased risk of damage, especially if its anatomy is not fully understood. There are several danger zones during dissection where the nerve is more likely to be injured. These include the areas where the nerve branches become more superficial in the dissection plane, and where they traverse between the retaining ligaments of the face. Addressing these ligaments is crucial, as they prevent the transmission of traction during facelifts. Without sufficient release, a satisfying pull on the soft tissues may be limited. Traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques such as plication or imbrication do not include surgical release of these attachments. Extended facelift techniques include additional dissection to release the retaining ligaments to obtain a more balanced and healthier look. However, these techniques are often the subject of much debate due to the extended dissection that carries a higher risk of nerve complications. In this article we aim to present the relationship of both the nerve and ligaments with an emphasis on the exact location of these structures, both in regard to one another and to their locations within the facial soft tissues, to perform extended techniques safely.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ELEVATION AND SLOPE ON FOOD AVAILABILITY IN THE POVERTY AREA IN LEBAK REGENCY, BANTEN PROVINCE

GeoEco ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Maria Hedwig Dewi Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poverty Area ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p><span lang="IN"><span style="font-size: medium;">The availability of food <span>in</span> a region is the most important thing for human development. Food is a major problem in <span>poor families</span>. Lebak Regency is a pocket of poverty located in Banten Province. The objectives of the study analyzed (1) spatial pattern of food availability level in Lebak Regency; (2) the relationship between elevation and slope to the area of food availability in Lebak Regency; (3) the relationship of food <span>available</span> to <span>poor families</span>. The method of analysis used in this study is spatial analysis <span> </span>and statistical analysis (<span>Chi-Square</span>). The results conclusion that: first, the high availability of food surplus area <span>spread</span> outside the capital of Lebak Regency. <span>Second, the elevation and slope had no effect on food availability; Third, the poor rural families are concentrated in the southern part of Lebak Regency, while urban poor located in the northern part, especially in the capital of Lebak Regency; Fourth, the relationship between food availability and the percentage of poor families is not significant at α = 0.05</span></span></span><span lang="IN">.</span></p>

RESPONSES OF THE CLAM MACOMA BALTHICA TO PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Shaw ◽  
A. J. Paul ◽  
E. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Macoma Balthica ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT The responses of the bivalve mollusk Macoma balthica to crude oil have been studied under laboratory conditions designed to simulate the stranding of oil on intertidal sediments in which this animal resides. The relationship of dry tissue weight to shell length, an indirect indicator of general health and fitness, was not significantly altered by exposure to oil at a level which did result in significant mortalities. This suggests that death is caused by a metabolically specific mode of poisoning rather than by a general weakening of the animal. In a second experiment, animals were subjected to two temporarily separated oiling events. Neither in mortalities nor in gas chromatographic analysis of tissues for hydrocarbons were cumulative effects observed. It was also found that a previously-reported tendency of M. balthica to burrow to the sediment surface in the presence of oil increases with decreasing depth of available sediment. We suggest that this behavior may be used as a convenient indicator of oil pollution.

scholarly journals A TECHNIQUE FOR THE FIXATION AND DECALCIFICATION OF RAT INCISORS FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. WARSHAWSKY ◽  
G. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Reproducible Technique ◽  
Initial Fixation ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A reproducible technique that provides sections of decalcified rat incisors for electron microscopy is described. Fixation is accomplished by perfusion with slightly hypertonic, neutral phosphate-buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 30-60 min. Throughout the rest of the procedure, isotonic neutral solutions are used. For decalcification, 4.13% disodium ethylene diamino tetraacetic acid for 14-21 days is employed, followed by washing in phosphate buffer for 2 days, postfixation in 1% osmium tetroxide for 4 hr and embedding in Epon. Provided that the initial fixation by perfusion is good, the method gives satisfactory preservation of the fine structures of the cells and matrices of the incisor, in addition to maintaining the relationship of hard and soft tissues.

Study Temperature and Humidity Influence on High-Power IGBT

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 499-502
Author(s):  
Bing Yang Luo ◽  
Yi Min Mo ◽  
Wen Lu Zhang ◽  
Si Ning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Power ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Igbt Modules ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Four Quadrant ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Humidity Monitoring

This paper has made a statistic survey on the failure rate of the appliance of high-power IGBT on the Harmonious locomotive. According to the analysis ,environmental temperature and humidity have a crucial influence on failure rate, thus a set of temperature and humidity monitoring system has been designed to investigate the environment temperature and humidity of high failure rate Four-quadrant IGBT modules, analyzing factors such as temperature and humidity and the working conditions accordingly, exploring the relationship of rising temperature of IGBT ,locomotive speed ,pressure of the air cylinder, setting a foundation for later analysis on the mechanism of troubles.

Impact of wave exposure on seasonal morphological and reproductive responses of the intertidal limpet Fissurella crassa (Mollusca: Archaegastropoda)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pulgar ◽  
Marcos Alvarez ◽  
Alejandro Delgadillo ◽  
Ines Herrera ◽  
Samanta Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
Intertidal Habitats ◽  
Reproduction Allocation ◽  
Intertidal Limpet

Intertidal organisms have long been considered an ideal system to quantify how physical variations determine differential energy allocations in specimens inhabiting environmental gradients such as exposure to wave action. In habitats with differential intertidal wave exposure (sheltered, Sh; and exposed, E) seasonal gonadal and foot weight variations and their associations with exposure and food availability (algae abundance) were determined in the keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa. Gonadal weight is used as a measure of reproduction allocation whereas foot weight is an indirect indicator of energy allocation to survival. RNA:DNA ratio in limpets obtained from Sh and E habitats during the two different seasons was used as an indicator of biosynthetic capability. Our results indicate that algae abundance in E sites was higher in summer and lower in winter compared to Sh sites. In E sites the muscular foot weight of limpet was higher in summer in contrast to Sh sites where F. crassa muscular foot weight of limpet was higher in winter. Gonadal weight in Sh sites was higher in summer and remained constant in winter; whereas in E sites gonadal weight was lower in summer and higher in winter. RNA:DNA ratios indicate that regardless of intertidal wave exposure, F. crassa showed higher biosynthetic capability in summer. Energetic allocation in animals that inhabit sheltered intertidal habitats would support constant allocation towards reproduction. In contrast, animals that inhabit exposed habitats may favour seasonally reproduction allocation at expense of survival.

scholarly journals Struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan kaitannya dengan ketersediaan zat hara dan parameter kualitas air lainnya di perairan Timur Surabaya

DEPIK ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setya Indra Padma Putri ◽  
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Environment Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Correlation

<p><strong>Abstract. </strong>The objetives of the present research were to determine relationship of phytoplankton abundance and community structure with environmental factors.The research was conducted in twelve stations along East Surabaya’s Coastal Waters. The samplings were represented early dry season (May-July 2013). Regression Correlation Analisis and Principle Component Analysis were involved to determine the relationship between community structure of phytoplankton and nutrient availability as well as other environmental parameters. The results showed that the concentration of Nitrate (NO3-N) was ranged from 1.80mg/L to 7.31 mg/L while Phosphate (PO4-P) was 0.20 – 4.75 mg/L. The phytoplankton abundance was varied between 3300 cell/L to 47000 cell/L. The highest phytoplankton abundance was found in the estuary and deacreased toward the sea areas. The dDiversity and evennes indices were low category, while dominance index was found to be relatively high, where Skeletonema sp. was predominant. Diversity index was not correlated significantly with nutrient availability, while there were a significant correlation between phytoplankton abundance and environment parameters namely salinity, DO and brighness<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords :</strong> phytoplankton abundance; oseanography factor; spatial analysis; coastal waters</p><p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara kelimpahann dan struktur komunitas fitoplankton dengan faktor lingkungan di perairan pesisir. Penelitian dilakukan pada 12 stasiun berbeda di Perairan Timur Surabaya. Sampling plankton dan kualitas air mewakili awal musim kemarau (Mei – Juli 2013). Analisis regresi korelasi dan analisis komponen utama dilakukan untuk melihat keterkaitan struktur komunitas dan ketersedian zat hara dan parameter lingkungan lainnya di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan zat hara yang relatif tinggi: Nitrat (NO3-N) antara 1,80 – 7,31 mg/L dan Fosfat (PO4-P) antara 0,20 – 4,75 mg/L. Distribusi fitoplankton bervariasi antara 3,3 – 4,7.103sel/L. Kelimpahan plankton paling tinggi didapat pada stasiun muara sungai dengan indikasi penurunan ke arah laut. Indeks keragaman jenis (H’) dan indeks keseragaman jenis (E) relatif rendah; sebaliknya indeks dominasi tinggi (D&gt;0,5) dengan didominasi oleh Skeletonema sp.. Indeks diversitas menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna dengan zat hara. Namun, kelimpahan fitoplankton berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan parameter salinitas, DO dan kecerahan.</p><p><br /><strong>Kata kunci :</strong>kelimpahan fitoplankton; faktor oseanografi; analisis spasial; perairan pesisir</p>

Abstract P266: The Local Food Environment and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Cobb ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Jessica C Jones-Smith ◽  
Cheryl A Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Numerous studies have explored the relationship of the local food environment and obesity. However, results have been inconsistent, and existing literature reviews have not taken into account study quality or the heterogeneity of measures of the local food environment. Methods: We used systematic keyword searches in Pubmed and Scopus to identify studies conducted in the US and Canada that assessed the relationship of obesity to the local availability of supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, fast food restaurants or indices combining these measures. We developed a quality metric based on study design, exposure and outcome measurement and analysis, and then assigned each study a score. Results: We identified 71 studies representing 65 cohorts. Overall, study quality was low; 60 studies were cross-sectional. The approach to measuring local food environments varied: fast food availability was measured 31 ways in 44 studies. Associations between food outlet availability and obesity were predominantly null. In adults, we saw a trend among the non-null associations toward inverse associations between supermarket availability and obesity (22 inverse, 4 direct, 67 null) and direct associations between fast food and obesity (29 direct, 6 inverse, 71 null). In children, we saw robust direct associations between fast food availability and obesity in lower income populations only (12 direct, 7 null). In adults, indices made up of multiple types of outlets had resulted in the most consistent associations with obesity (18 expected, 23 null). Limiting analyses to higher quality studies did not affect results. Conclusions: We found limited evidence for associations between the local food environment and obesity. Quality issues, however, make causal inference difficult. Absent compelling direct evidence linking local food environments to obesity, policy makers will need to rely on other types of evidence as they address the environmental changes that contribute to the steep increase in obesity in the US.

Imaging of Focused Ultrasound-Induced Shear Waves to Probe Mechanical Anisotropy of Tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A Guertler ◽  
Ruth J Okamoto ◽  
Joel R Garbow ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Philip V Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Wave Fields ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Strain Components ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract It is important to understand mechanical anisotropy in fibrous soft tissues because of the relationship of anisotropy to tissue function, and because anisotropy may change due to injury and disease. We have developed a method to noninvasively investigate anisotropy, based on MR imaging of harmonic ultrasound-induced motion (MR-HUM), using focused ultrasound (FUS) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). MR-HUM produces symmetric, radial waves inside a tissue, which enables a simple assessment of anisotropy using features of the resulting shear wave fields. This method was applied to characterize ex vivo muscle tissue, which is known to exhibit mechanical anisotropy. Finite element (FE) simulations of the experiment were performed to illustrate and validate the approach. Anisotropy was characterized by ratios of apparent shear moduli and strain components in different directions.

Comparison of Experimental and Affine-Predicted Fiber Kinematics in Human Supraspinatus Tendon

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer P. Lake ◽  
Daniel H. Cortes ◽  
Jennifer A. Kadlowec ◽  
Dawn M. Elliott ◽  
Louis J. Soslowsky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Tissue Deformation ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Affine Model ◽  
Microscopic Deformation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Fiber

Mathematical modeling approaches are frequently used to characterize and predict the mechanics of biological soft tissues. Structurally-based continuum models, which describe the relationship of the constituents’ properties (i.e., collagen fibers, matrix) to overall tissue properties, require knowledge of the relationship between microscopic (fiber) and macroscopic (tissue) deformation. The most common and straightforward approach is the use of an affine model, which assumes that local fiber kinematics follow the global tissue deformation. Although the affine assumption is often used in constitutive modeling, several studies have reported non-affine fiber behavior in soft tissue testing [1–2]. Our recent work has quantified the anisotropic and inhomogeneous mechanical and organizational properties of human supraspinatus tendon (SST) [3–4]. We have also utilized a fiber dispersion model to examine SST [5]; however the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic deformation in this tendon remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the affine assumption in human SST fiber kinematics by comparing experimentally-measured fiber alignment to the affine model prediction.

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