scholarly journals The use of Passeriformes in the eastern Amazonia of Brazil: culture encourages hunting and profit encourages trade

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samantha Silva ◽  
Brenda Braga ◽  
Leandro Brasil ◽  
Pedro Baía-Júnior ◽  
Diva Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Individual Bird

Abstract This study characterized the ethnoornithological knowledge of passerine bird keepers, known locally as criadores or passarinheiros, who capture, train, breed and sell wild species in the eastern Amazonia of Brazil. The data were collected from 62 bird keepers through informal, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The family Thraupidae was the most captured group, with 23 species used, predominantly of the genus Sporophila. Sporophila angolensis had the highest use value and price. Our findings suggest that conservation strategies should be a priority for Sporophila maximiliani, S. angolenses and Saltator maximus. The Passeriformes are obtained by capturing them from the wild, by captive breeding or in trade. They are trapped and sold locally, in nearby municipalities, and also in more distant locations as far as the border with Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana. On the international market, sale prices can reach USD 5,400 per individual bird. Species with both significant economic value and regional cultural significance are of the greatest importance to the bird keepers. To mitigate the negative effects of this activity, we recommend implementation of environmental education programmes for bird keepers, to improve their capacity to raise awareness about wildlife, and to inform them of the legal processes for bird keeping and for breeding birds in captivity for legal trade. Long-term strategies for bird conservation should also be considered, such as the implementation of ecotourism in protected areas to encourage the practice of birdwatching.

scholarly journals Characterizing the cultural niches of North American birds

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (22) ◽  
pp. 10868-10873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin G. Schuetz ◽  
Alison Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Bird Feeders ◽  
Migratory Strategy

Efforts to mitigate the current biodiversity crisis require a better understanding of how and why humans value other species. We use Internet query data and citizen science data to characterize public interest in 621 bird species across the United States. We estimate the relative popularity of different birds by quantifying how frequently people use Google to search for species, relative to the rates at which they are encountered in the environment. In intraspecific analyses, we also quantify the degree to which Google searches are limited to, or extend beyond, the places in which people encounter each species. The resulting metrics of popularity and geographic specificity of interest allow us to define aspects of relationships between people and birds within a cultural niche space. We then estimate the influence of species traits and socially constructed labels on niche positions to assess the importance of observations and ideas in shaping public interest in birds. Our analyses show clear effects of migratory strategy, color, degree of association with bird feeders, and, especially, body size on niche position. They also indicate that cultural labels, including “endangered,” “introduced,” and, especially, “team mascot,” are strongly associated with the magnitude and geographic specificity of public interest in birds. Our results provide a framework for exploring complex relationships between humans and other species and enable more informed decision-making across diverse bird conservation strategies and goals.

scholarly journals THE ROLES OF URBAN HERITAGE IN DETERMINING THE IMAGE OF THE ROYAL TOWN OF SRI MENANTI, NEGERI SEMBILAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Zalina Harun ◽  
Dg. Norhidayah Fairuz ◽  
Nor Adilla Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Architectural Significance ◽  
The Town

Malaysia has many towns of historic and cultural significance that are worthy of preservation for sustainable development. For instance, a royal town, which is a town where the old palaces and the royal administrative district are located. This paper aims to discover the significance of the urban heritage of a royal town so as to ensure its preservation. Special attention is paid to the identification of townscape elements in forming the image of the town and the roles of the townscape elements as built heritage of the royal town. A case study was carried out in Sri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan, which is one of the royal towns in Malaysia. The study methodology involves a historical map overlay, non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that Sri Menanti has played a significant role in the history and development of Negeri Sembilan. Additionally, the contribution of ‘Adat Perpatih’ to the nation's history as one of the unique administrative components helps to signify the importance of the town’s local culture and urban heritage. The town also represents a number of townscape elements that are intertwined as urban heritage, with rich cultural and architectural significance. The paper concludes that diversity in the character of the town is unique and worthy of preservation.

scholarly journals Age-Friendly as Tranquilo Ambiente: How Socio-Cultural Perspectives Shape Older Latinos’ Lived Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
Melanie Plasencia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Latino Older Adults

Abstract Researchers have increasingly considered the importance of age-friendly communities to improve the health and well-being of older adults. Studies have primarily focused on the built environment, such as community infrastructure, older adult behavior, and environmental expectations. Less attention, however, has been given to the role of cultural characteristics in shaping perceptions of age-friendly environments for Latinos. Using an ethnographic methodological approach, including participant observation in a Latino community near New York City and 72 semi-structured interviews, this study provides empirical insights into how older Latinos characterize age-friendly communities. Latino older adults described their community as age-friendly using Tranquilo Ambiente (TA), which translates to a calm or peaceful environment. According to older adults, a TA possesses the following: 1) a sense of personal safety, including protection of their body, 2) ethnic, social connectedness, including networks with other Latinos and important social and cultural events; and 3) a comparative understanding of their communities treatment of seniors versus other geographical and spatial locations. While much has been written on the role of the built and social environment in developing and implementing age-friendly communities, more research on the cultural significance and understanding of place among marginalized older adults is necessary. TA and its characteristics demonstrate that cultivating an age-friendly setting requires adapting structures and services to promote Latino older adults' social and cultural support and engagement.

scholarly journals Editorial

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Seb Buckton
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Utility ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Bird Conservation International fills an important niche in the scientific literature by providing a forum for applied research of high utility to conservation biologists, often from research carried out as part of conservation projects. As such, it provides an outlet for research which might otherwise remain in the ‘grey’ literature. This is largely thanks to a cosmopolitan list of contributors, both amateur and professional, including academics and those working for conser vation organisations, from all corners of the globe. To anyone reading this who is working in bird conservation research, I hope BCI is near the top of the list of journals you would like to publish your work in.BCI's remit is to cover ‘subjects relevant to the conservation of birds’, allowing an eclectic mix of topics while maintaining a focus on bird conservation. In Volume 10 alone, 17 papers were studies of individual bird species, of which 15 are listed as globally threatened or near-threatened by BirdLife International (2000). A further nine papers were studies of habitats or regions. The focus of papers in the journal is diverse, and last year topics included baseline surveys, comparisons of bird communities in natural and disturbed habitats, conservation management advice, morpho logical variation, and molecular systematics. Additionally, regular ‘Opinion’ papers provide a forum for the discussion of conservation issues of the day. In covering such a wide range of subjects, every issue should include information of value to those involved or interested in conservation, not only of birds. The journal also has a truly international flavour: papers in Volume 10 resulted from studies in 17 different countries, from six of the world's seven continents, and were contributed by authors based in 14 different countries.

Influences Des Zones Biogéographiques Sur La Diversité Avienne Des Galeries Forestières Au Bénin, Afrique De l’Ouest

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Francis Biaou Yabi ◽  
Toussaint Olou Lougbegnon ◽  
Jean Timothée Claude Codjia
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Suitable Habitats

This study examined the diversity and ecological distribution of riparian bird species across a climatic gradient in Benin. Riparian bird communities were compared among three climatic zones in Benin Republic from December 2012 to November 2015. The diversity and ecological distribution of riparian bird was examined from a census (inventory) of birds in forests galleries across the three climatic zones in Benin by means of a technique of sampling of limited (punctual) type centred on no listening of 20 minutes in a circular plot of 18 m of beam. A total of 140 species richness belonging to 18 orders and 44 families were recorded across climatic zones. The highest (73) species richness were recorded in Guinean zone, followed by Soudanean zone (70) and Soudano – guinean zones, the lowest (68). Similarly, species diversity was highest in Soudanean zone (H’=5.77 bits) and lowest in Soudano – guinean zone (4,28 bits). But we have a significant difference in species diversity between the study climatic zones, but relative abundance of bird are not differed between zones. Further, diverse bird guilds were recorded varying across the climatic gradients indicating the riparian forest conservation importance. Increasing farmland severs more suitable habitats with dire consequences on the survival of disturbance – sensitive bird species. These researches underpin the need for considering integrated bird conservation strategies and are important for planning local ecotourism activities and to protect riparian forest in Benin.

Land ownership patterns associated with declining forest birds: targeting the right policy and management for the right birds

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
BROOKE MASLO ◽  
JULIE L. LOCKWOOD ◽  
KAREN LEU
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Right

SUMMARYFor over a century the foundation of biological conservation has been the development of open space networks either through outright public land acquisition or appropriate management of private lands. Because both approaches come with significant trade-offs, it is critical to understand which species are found across various land ownership types so that policy tools and management actions can efficiently be targeted to do the most good. In this paper, presence-only biological data were used to create species distribution maps for 18 imperilled forest bird species that breed within the deciduous forests of New Jersey (USA). These maps, combined with publicly available, spatially explicit information on land ownership, document who owns the habitat relied on by each of these 18 species. There were significant variations in both species- and guild-specific reliance on public versus private lands, with the latter preferentially supporting nearly twice as many species as the former. Subcategories of land ownership provided support for the role of both state-owned forests and privately-owned agricultural lands in forest bird conservation; however, each landownership type supports a distinct set of species. While explicitly recognizing the need to employ diverse conservation strategies, the approach provides a solid framework for structuring forest conservation planning and policy at regional scales.

THE ROLES OF URBAN HERITAGE IN DETERMINING THE IMAGE OF THE ROYAL TOWN OF SRI MENANTI, NEGERI SEMBILAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Zalina Harun ◽  
Dg. Norhidayah Fairuz ◽  
Nor Adilla Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Architectural Significance ◽  
The Town

Malaysia has many towns of historic and cultural significance that are worthy of preservation for sustainable development. For instance, a royal town, which is a town where the old palaces and the royal administrative district are located. This paper aims to discover the significance of the urban heritage of a royal town so as to ensure its preservation. Special attention is paid to the identification of townscape elements in forming the image of the town and the roles of the townscape elements as built heritage of the royal town. A case study was carried out in Sri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan, which is one of the royal towns in Malaysia. The study methodology involves a historical map overlay, non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that Sri Menanti has played a significant role in the history and development of Negeri Sembilan. Additionally, the contribution of ‘Adat Perpatih’ to the nation's history as one of the unique administrative components helps to signify the importance of the town’s local culture and urban heritage. The town also represents a number of townscape elements that are intertwined as urban heritage, with rich cultural and architectural significance. The paper concludes that diversity in the character of the town is unique and worthy of preservation.

scholarly journals Language attitudes and language practices of the Lebanese community in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (269) ◽  
pp. 179-202
Author(s):  
Zeina Eid ◽  
Julia Sallabank
Keyword(s):  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The number of Lebanese immigrants in the UK has dramatically increased in recent years, motivated by socio-political and economic pressures and in pursuit of academic excellence. This is one of the first studies to explore the attitudes of Lebanese parents and British-Lebanese children towards Arabic (Lebanese Arabic [LA] and Modern Standard Arabic [MSA]) in the UK. The data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 24 parents and 15 children, participant observation and field notes. Results indicate that Lebanese parents and children believe that HL maintenance can foster a sense of Lebaneseness, and help children access the highly valued socio-cultural significance of LA. MSA is regarded in high esteem, but Muslim children appreciate MSA more for its “pride” value than for instrumental “profit” purposes. This illustrates that the notions of “pride” and “profit” are not clear-cut in a linguistic market where multilingualism is undervalued and European foreign languages outweigh Arabic varieties, even MSA despite its global significance. For HL speakers, the “pride” value of the HL in family, culture and religion may outweigh both profit incentives and hegemonic language ideologies.

Peregrinação Acadêmica: A mulher Romeira do Bom Jesus da Lapa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The West ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
West Part

This work is the result of the doctoral thesis entitled Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa: Social Reproduction of the Family and Female Gender Identity, specifically the second chapter that talks about women in the Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa, emphasizing gender relations, analyzing the location of the pilgrimage as a social reproduction of the patriarchal family and female gender identity. The research scenario is the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, which has been held for 329 years, in that city, located in the West part of Bahia. The research participants are pilgrim women who are in the age group between 50 and 70 years old and have participated, for more than five consecutive years in the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, belonging to five Brazilian states (Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Goiás) that register a higher frequency of attendance at this religious event. We used bibliographic, qualitative, field and documentary research and data collection as our methodology; we applied participant observation and semi-structured interviews as a technique. We concluded that the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage is a location for family social reproduction and the female gender identity, observing a contrast in the resignification of the role and in the profile of the pilgrim women from Bom Jesus da Lapa, alternating between permanence and the transformation of gender identity coming from patriarchy.

TOURISM MOBILITY AT THE SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES RIO 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cabral ◽  
Carolin Lusby ◽  
Ricardo Uvinha
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Sports Tourism as a segment is growing exponentially in Brazil. The sports mega-events that occurred in the period from 2007 to 2016 helped strengthen this sector significantly. This article examined tourism mobility during the Summer Olympic Games Rio 2016, hosted by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study expands the understanding of the relationship between tourism and city infrastructure, therefore being relevant to academics, professionals of the area and to the whole society due to its multidisciplinary field. The existence of a relationship between means of transportation and the Olympic regions as well as tourist attractions for a possible legacy was observed. Data were collected from official sources, field research and through participant-observation and semi structured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed. The results indicate that the city was overall successful in its execution of sufficient mobility. New means of transportation were added and others updated. BRT's (Bus Rapid Transit) were the main use of mass transport to Olympic sites. However, a lack of public transport access was observed for the touristic sites.

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