Mules of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13

Polar Record ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (160) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. L. Harrowfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
New Information ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractHorses were first used in Antarctica when eight Manchurian ponies provided support for Shackleton's British Antarctic Expedition (1907–09). Scott's British Antarctic ‘Terra Nova’ Expedition (1910–13) used 17 ponies during its first year, and seven Indian mules in the following season. This paper presents new information on the mules, which suffered severely from the effects of an unbalanced diet and low temperatures. They were the last horses ever used to support an Antarctic expedition. In January 1989 when the stables of Scott's hut at Cape Evans were reclad and cleared of ice by a working party from the Antarctic Heritage Trust (New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme), artefacts relating to their occupancy by Manchurian ponies and Indian mules were located.

Mawson’s views on use of natural resources in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Shaughnessy ◽  
Mark Pharaoh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Southern Elephant Seals ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract Sir Douglas Mawson is a well-known Antarctic explorer and scientist. Early in his career, he recognised opportunities for commerce in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. While at Cape Denison, Antarctica, in 1913 on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), the Adelie Blizzard magazine was produced. Mawson contributed articles about Antarctic natural resources and their possible use. Later, he advocated Australia be involved in pelagic whaling. He collected seal skins and oil for their commercial value to be assessed by the Hudson’s Bay Company. During the AAE, Mawson visited Macquarie Island where an oiling gang was killing southern elephant seals and royal penguins. Mawson was concerned that they were over-exploited and lobbied successfully to stop the killing. His plans for Macquarie Island included a wildlife sanctuary, with a party to supervise access, send meteorological observations to Australia and New Zealand, and be self-funded by harvesting elephant seals and penguins. Macquarie Island was declared a sanctuary in 1933. Although Mawson has been recognised as an early proponent of conservation, his views on conservation of living natural resources were inconsistent. They should be placed in their historical context: in the early twentieth century, utilisation of living natural resources was viewed more favourably than currently.

scholarly journals The SCAR Astronomy & Astrophysics from Antarctica Scientific Research Programme

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S288) ◽  
pp. 275-295
Author(s):  
John W. V. Storey ◽  
Lyu Abe ◽  
Michael Andersen ◽  
Philip Anderson ◽  
Michael Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Astronomy And Astrophysics ◽  
New Facilities

AbstractSCAR, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, is, like the IAU, a committee of ICSU, the International Council for Science. For over 30 years, SCAR has provided scientific advice to the Antarctic Treaty System and made numerous recommendations on a variety of matters. In 2010, Astronomy and Astrophysics from Antarctica was recognized as one of SCAR's five Scientific Research Programs. Broadly stated, the objectives of Astronomy & Astrophysics from Antarctica are to coordinate astronomical activities in Antarctica in a way that ensures the best possible outcomes from international investment in Antarctic astronomy, and maximizes the opportunities for productive interaction with other disciplines. There are four Working Groups, dealing with site testing, Arctic astronomy, science goals, and major new facilities. Membership of the Working Groups is open to any professional working in astronomy or a related field.

Against all odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955–1958

Polar Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Stephen Hicks ◽  
Bryan Storey ◽  
Philippa Mein Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
Polar Research Institute ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
British Foreign Office ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACTWhen the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955–1958 advance party sailed from the Millwall Docks in November 1955, bound for the Weddell Sea, their departure was the product of five years of intensive effort on the part of Vivian Fuchs to achieve the first overland crossing of the Antarctic continent. This paper investigates the many obstacles that had to be overcome leading up to Theron sailing and explains the manner in which they were overcome by the Fuchs-Wordie-Clifford triumvirate. The British Foreign Office was particularly opposed to the expedition with the office's focus on sovereignty rather than science while an alternative proposal from Duncan Carse raised a unique set of difficulties. The withdrawal from involvement by the Scott Polar Research Institute Director, Colin Bertram, indicated further disaffection. Most important, if political and financial goals were to be met, was the need for participation by several Commonwealth countries of which New Zealand was the essential partner. Fortunately, the vigorous efforts of a few Antarctic enthusiasts in New Zealand were successful in moving their government to assert its long dormant position in the Ross Dependency. New Zealand's commitment turned the tide of commonwealth apathy towards the TAE. Although the TAE preceded the IGY, events, including the dominating IGY presence of the United States, caused the two projects to become tightly interwoven. For these reasons the years leading up to the departure of Theron were as intriguing as the crossing journey itself.

Antarctica in museums: the Mawson collections in Australia

Polar Record ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (198) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wheeler ◽  
Linda Young
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antarctic Research

AbstractThe relics of polar exploration are treasured in the museums of a multitude of nations. In Australia, the focus of most such collections is Sir Douglas Mawson and his expeditions to Antarctica in 1911–14 and 1929–31. The nature of these collections divides into the two large categories of scientific specimens and expedition relics. The latter are spread among Australian and other museums in a distribution that speaks of fascination with the exotic and heroic aspects of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition and the geopolitical ramifications of the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition. The specimens, by contrast, have not been treated well, and although thoroughly documented, may be close to losing their integrity as scientific resources. Both types of material merit the renewed attention of their museum-keepers as resources on the history of Antarctica.

On Some Free-living Marine Nematodes from Kerguelen Island

1955 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Schuurmans Stekhoven ◽  
Patricia M. Mawson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Marine Nematodes ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Kerguelen Island ◽  
Junior Author ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Recent Monograph ◽  
The Antarctic

In February, 1958, Dr. Paulian, of Paris, asked the senior author to study his collection of free-living marine Nematodes, collected at Kerguelen Island. The visit of the junior author enabled us to study this material in collaboration; this was the more interesting since she had already made extensive studies of free-living marine Nematodes of the antarctic region (dredged from between 150° E to 40° E by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition). Moreover, we had access to the recent monograph of Wieser (1958) on the Enoploidea of Chile.

scholarly journals Alf Howard

Polar Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Anna Bemrose
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Antarctic Research

Alf Howard, (Fig. 1) died on 4 July 2010. He was the last surviving member of Sir Douglas Mawson's 1929–1931 British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) that made further extensive claims to sovereignty defining the limits of what was to become Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) in 1933. He was also the last survivor to have served aboard the coal-fired three-masted wooden ship Discovery built in Dundee for Captain Robert Falcon Scott's 1901–1904 National Antarctic Expedition.

Focussing an Antarctic research programme: the Australian experience

Polar Record ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (164) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
Maturity Management ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Environment ◽  
Antarctic Treaty System

AbstractThis paper illustrates the manner in which inceased political and community interest in Antarctica is shifting the focus of Australian Antarctic research towards environmental management, creating tensions amongst bureaucrats and scientists as to programme priorities and funding allocations, and argues the existence of three distinct eras, each with particular chacteristics and orientation, but all reflecting political and scientific perspectives about Antarctic at the relevant time: (a) idosyncratic individualism in the ‘heroic age’ of Antarctic exploration 1890–1945; (b) hydra-headed science programmes within the Antarctic Treaty system 1945–1959–1990; and (c) prospective maturity management of the Antarctic environment in the post-CRAMRA era, 1990 onwards.

scholarly journals Glaciological research in Antarctica

1994 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
H.H Thomsen ◽  
J.O Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Polar Research Institute ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Polar Center ◽  
Research Institute

During 1991 and 1992 the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) was observer on behalf of the Danish Polar Center in and preparation of a common Nordic research effort in Antarctica. The Nordic Antarctic Research Programme (NARP) involves Norway, Sweden and Finland, which are all Antarctic Treaty Consultative Partners, whereas Denmark is an observer. A natural continuation of this work was Danish participation in the Antarctic research, and a GGU glaciologist took part in the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition (NARE) 1992/93 arranged by the Norwegian Polar Research Institute.

scholarly journals Polar Research and Supply Vessel POLARSTERN operated by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Knust
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Main Operation

POLARSTERN, operated by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, is an ice going research and supply vessel. The main operation areas are the ice-covered seas of the northern and southern polar regions. The ship provides ideal working conditions for almost all compartments of marine sciences, atmospheric and glaciological research. It can break ice up to 2m continuously and can operate up to 90 days at sea. POLARSTERN is therefore ideally suited for often long expeditions to remote Polar Regions. POLARSTERN regularly supplies the Antarctic research stations, especially the Neumayer Station III and the Kohnen Station (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2016a). In the last 30 years POLARSTERN was in average 310 days per year at sea, she is the major research tool of the German polar research programme.

scholarly journals BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2196 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MARK O’LOUGHLIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
The Antarctic

The holothuroid species collected by The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) are listed, with some systematic annotations. A previous report by O’Loughlin on some BANZARE holothuroids is revised and incorporated. Four new species are described: the Antarctic dactylochirotid Echinocucumis kirrilyae sp. nov.; the Kerguelen dendrochirotid Clarkiella deichmannae sp. nov.; the Antarctic dendrochirotids Trachythyone cynthiae sp. nov. and Trachythyone mackenzieae sp. nov. Cucumaria serrata var. intermedia Théel from Heard and Kerguelen, and Cucumaria serrata var. marionensis Théel from Marion, are raised to species status, and assigned to Pseudocnus Panning. Cucumaria (Semperia) ekmani Ludwig & Heding is a junior synonym of Cucumaria kerguelensis Théel. Cucumaria kerguelensis is re-assigned to Neopsolidium Pawson. Thyone recurvata Théel and Cucumaria squamata Ludwig are junior synonyms of Trachythyone muricata Studer. Cucumaria (Semperia) bouvetensis Ludwig & Heding is formally re-assigned to Trachythyone. Trachythyone baja Hernández is a junior synonym of Trachythyone bouvetensis (Ludwig & Heding). Molecular genetic data indicate possible allopatric cryptic Antarctic forms for the morpho-species Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel. A table with all species and station data is provided.

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