Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control with Fall-Applied Glyphosate and Other Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Good Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Short Growing Season ◽  
Agropyron Repens

The herbicides glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione], and pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynl)benzamide] were evaluated for effectiveness in quackgrass (Agropyron repensL. Beauv.) control when applied in the fall, a time that is desirable in a short-growing-season area such as Atlantic Canada. Glyphosate at 1.12 kg/ha applied to quackgrass in grain stubble gave good control. Glyphosate at 1.12 kg/ha in late October gave better control than the same rate applied in late September. At low rates of 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha, glyphosate gave better quackgrass control when fall-applied than when spring-applied. No differences were noted between seasons at the 2.24-kg/ha rate of glyphosate. Pre-treatment with nitrogen at 35 kg/ha 30 or 15 days before application, or on the day of application, did not improve quackgrass control with glyphosate. Pronamide gave fair to good control. Hexazinone at 2.24, 4.48, or 6.72 kg/ha gave poor control when fall-applied, but excellent control when spring-applied.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) by Sethoxydim

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Agropyron Repens

In greenhouse and field studies, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-(2-ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} provided good control of quackgrass [(Agropyron repens L. (Beauv.) ♯ AGRRE] in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’). Level of control with sethoxydim at 0.6 kg ai/ha in the greenhouse was improved by the addition of a surfactant at 1.0% (v/v) of spray volume. Removal of quackgrass shoots at 6 or 24 h after treatment resulted in decreased control at application rates of 0.6, 1.0, and 1.6 kg ai/ha. Application of sethoxydim at 1.2 or 1.6 kg ai/ha in the field gave excellent control of quackgrass when applied at either the three- or six-leaf stage. Cultivation at 2 days after treatment did not adversely affect level of control obtained. Sethoxydim did not cause any adverse effect on potato yield, but delaying application until the six-leaf stage of quackgrass resulted in yield loss due to quackgrass competition.

Dissociation of cortisol and adrenal androgen secretion in poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Couch
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Androgen Secretion

In acute illness, cortisol secretion increases whereas that of the adrenal androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate declines. The present study examined if a similar dissociation of cortisol and adrenal androgen secretion occurs in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Serum concentrations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate obtained at 08.00 were compared in 13 post-pubertal diabetics (mean age 18.0 years) in good control (HbA1C<8.0%) and 10 post-pubertal diabetics (mean age 17.0 years) in poor control (HbA1C> 10.0%). Those in poor control had significantly higher serum cortisol (597±94 nmol/l vs 479±208, p < 0.05), lower dehydroepiandrosterone (13.1±5.5 nmol/l vs 25.3±16.9, p<0.025) and lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (4.5±2.4 μmol/l vs 7.0±3.7, p<0.025). The ratios of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to cortisol were also significantly lower in those with poor control. It is concluded that poor control of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus results in a dissociation of cortisol and adrenal androgen secretion.

scholarly journals Direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Philippines: findings from two hospital databases and physician surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e049737
Author(s):  
Cecilia Jimeno ◽  
Rosa Allyn Sy ◽  
Pepito De La Pena ◽  
Chritopher Cipriano ◽  
Rima Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Good Control ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Control Range

ObjectiveTo estimate the annual direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in hospitals and outpatient care clinics from a healthcare payer perspective in the Philippines.Design and participants(1) A review of electronic hospital records of people with T2DM in two tertiary hospitals—Ospital ng Makati (OsMak) and National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) and (2) a cross-sectional survey with 50 physicians providing outpatient care for people with T2DM.SettingPrimary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Metro Manila.Outcome measuresCost of managing T2DM and its related complications in US dollars (USD) in 2016.ResultsA total of 1023 and 1378 people were identified in OsMak and NKTI, with a complication rate of 66% and 74%, respectively. In both institutions, the average annual cost per person was higher if individuals were diagnosed with any complication (NKTI: US$3226 vs US$2242 and OsMak: US$621 vs US$127). Poor diabetes control was estimated to incur higher per person cost than good control in both public outpatient care (poor control, range: US$727 to US$2463 vs good control, range: US$614 to US$1520) and private outpatient care (poor control, range: US$848 to US$2507 vs good control, range: US$807 to US$1603).ConclusionThe results highlight the high direct medical cost resulting from poor diabetes control and the opportunity for cost reduction by improving control and preventing its complications.

THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID ON DWARF APPLE TREES WITH BARK APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHOATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Excellent Control

Very effective control of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., on dwarf apple trees, has been obtained by two paintings of an undiluted emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate (30 per cent active ingredient) on the basal part of the trunk of the tree. Approximately 2 millilitres are applied per tree, and application is made with a 1-inch paint brush around the trunk over a distance of approximately 12 inches. A single application in early July, at a time when the seasonal upsurge of aphids is beginning, gave excellent control for 3 to 4 weeks, even where conditions for reinfestation were favourable. A second application at the end of that period ensured full seasonal control. Almost equally good control was obtained by diluting the concentrate with an equal volume of water. At greater dilutions less effective control resulted. The use of a slurry made from dimethoate, 50 per cent wettable powder, in place of the emulsion, was reasonably effective but slower in action.

scholarly journals Control of target spot of tomato with fungicides, systemic acquired resistance activators, and a biocontrol agent

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pernezny ◽  
P. Stoffella ◽  
J. Collins ◽  
A. Carroll ◽  
A. Beaney
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Bacillis Subtilis ◽  
Southern Florida

Control of target spot of tomato, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. &amp; Curt.) Wei., was studied in three seasons in southern Florida, USA. The strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin and a combination product of mancozeb and fumoxate provided excellent control of target spot. In these treatments, accumulated disease severity values were only 10&ndash;15% of those in the untreated control and marketable yields were doubled. Excellent disease control also was achieved with acibenzolar-S-methyl, a systemic acquired resistance activator (SAR). This compound reduced defoliation of tomato plants by 42% compared to the control. An experimental compound, BAS 510 02, provided good control of target spot, reducing defoliation by 40% and increasing marketable yields by 34%. Harpin protein and Bacillis subtilis strain QST 713 were not effective for control of target spot.

Phenology and Tiller Characteristics of Big Bluestem and Switchgrass Cultivars in a Short Growing Season Area

1998 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Madakadze ◽  
Bruce E. Coulman ◽  
K. Stewart ◽  
P. Peterson ◽  
R. Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Short Growing Season

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Interference on Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Robert J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE] density and soil moisture on corn (Zea maysL.) growth and yield. Quackgrass densities ranging from 65 to 390 shoots/m2reduced corn yield 12 to 16%. A quackgrass density of 745 shoots/m2reduced corn yields an average of 37% and significantly reduced corn height, ear length, ear-fill length, kernels/row, rows/ear, and seed weight. In the soil moisture study, quackgrass was shorter than corn throughout the growing season, and analyses of corn leaf tissue indicated that quackgrass did not interfere with the nutrient status of the corn. In 1979, soil moisture was not limiting and corn yields were similar in all treatments regardless of irrigation or the presence of quackgrass. In 1980, soil moisture was limited and irrigation increased the yield of quackgrass-free corn. Irrigation also increased the yield of quackgrass-infested corn to a level similar to irrigated corn. When light and nutrients are not limiting factors, an adequate supply of soil moisture can eliminate the effects of quackgrass interference on the growth, development, and yield of corn.

Options for controlling needle nematode (Paralongidorus australis) and preventing damage to rice in northern Queensland

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling ◽  
LL Vawdrey ◽  
EL Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Good Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

Options for the control of Paralongidorus australis on paddy rice in northern Queensland were evaluated in a series of field and pot experiments. Soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene at 220 and 358 kglha gave excellent control in the field and increased grain yields by more than 40%. In pots, carbofuran (5, 10 and 20 kg a.i./ha) applied to soil prior to sowing or in water at the time of permanent flooding gave good control but fenamiphos and CuSO4 did not. These results suggested that the amounts of 1,3-dichloropropene or carbofuran needed to control the nematode were too high for annual treatment with nematicides to be economic. Carbofuran and oxamyl applied as seed dressings at 0.75% and 0.36% a.i. respectively were much cheaper treatments, but failed to control P. australis or reduce nematode damage to root tips. P. australis was eliminated from moist soil by air-drying, but this effect could not be reproduced in the field by deep ripping followed by cultivation to break up clods. Amendment of nematode-infested soil with straw and various sulfur-containing compounds and flooding for 6 or 12 weeks, failed to reduce nematode numbers in the subsequent rice crop, indicating that products of anaerobic decomposition did not control the nematode. However, there was a marked reduction in the percentage of root tips damaged by the nematode in the straw + sulphur treatment. Additional pot experiments investigated practices that reduced losses from P. australis but did not necessarily control the nematode. When rice was flooded 1, 2, 3, 5 or 7 weeks after sowing, the degree of nematode damage was reduced as flooding was delayed, possibly because P. australis remained inactive during the period prior to flooding. Of the 14 rice cultivars and breeding lines tested for tolerance to P. australis, several cultivars were more tolerant than Starbonnet and Lemont, the cultivars currently being grown commercially in northern Queensland. Both delayed flooding and the use of tolerant varieties showed enough promise to warrant further testing in the field.

Selective Postemergence Herbicidal Control of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Swisher ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Growing Conditions

Two yr of field research were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of BAS-9021 {2-[1-(N-allyloxyamino)butylidene]-5,5-dimethyl-4-methoxycarbonylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, Na salt}, HOE 29152 {methyl 2-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate}, and mefluidideN-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide as selective herbicides applied postemergence to johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.]. All three herbicides afforded 85% or greater control of rhizome johnsongrass in one experiment in 1977, where repeat applications were made and ideal growing conditions prevailed. HOE 29152 also afforded excellent control with a single application made at the boot stage of johnsongrass. In a second experiment in 1977, when drought conditions prevailed, HOE 29152 was the only herbicide that afforded 70% or greater control of the johnsongrass. Both BAS-9021 and mefluidide afforded less than 60% control of johnsongrass in the single 1978 experiment, when evaluated at the end of the season. This study also was subject to drought conditions throughout the growing season.

scholarly journals Target Site Resistance to Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors in Diplotaxis erucoides and Erucaria hispanica–Mechanism of Resistance and Response to Alternative Herbicides

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maor Matzrafi ◽  
Ofri Gerson ◽  
Moshe Sibony ◽  
Baruch Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
First Case ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Diplotaxis Erucoides ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Two Populations

Diplotaxis erucoides and Erucaria hispanica are common weeds of the Mediterranean region; they infest various habitats including cultivated fields and roadsides. In several fields across Israel, farmers have reported on poor control of D. erucoides and E. hispanica plants using acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various ALS inhibitors on plants from two potentially resistant D. erucoides and E. hispanica populations. Additionally, alternative management strategies using auxinic herbicides were studied. Plants from both populations exhibited resistance to all tested ALS inhibitors, up to 20-fold the label field rate, as compared with ALS sensitive populations of D. erucoides and E. hispanica. Sequencing of the ALS gene revealed Trp574 to Leu substitution in ALS-resistant D. erucoides plants, whereas a Pro197 to Ser substitution was detected in ALS-resistant E. hispanica plants. Although high levels of resistance were observed in individuals from both putative resistant populations, sensitive individuals were also detected, suggesting the evolution of resistance in these two populations is still in progress. Auxinic herbicides, 2,4-D, and mecoprop-P, provided excellent control of plants from both ALS-resistant populations. This study documents and confirms the first case of evolution of resistance to ALS inhibitors in D. erucoides and E. hispanica populations.

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