Influence of Incorporation Depth on Chloramben Activity

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane N. Sommerville ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Better Than

Rates of 0, 1.7, and 3.4 kg/ha of 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben) were incorporated to 0, 3.8, and 7.6-cm depths in 0.7 by 0.7-m microplots under low, moderate, and high rainfall conditions. Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr., var. Amsoy] injury increased with increasing depth of incorporation of 3.4 kg/ha chloramben. Chloramben incorporation under low rainfall conditions significantly improved control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) compared to surface treatments. Jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) was not controlled well by chloramben regardless of rate or incorporation depth. In larger field plots over a 3-year period, 3.4 kg/ha chloramben incorporated with a disc produced slight but insignificant soybean injury. Giant foxtail, smooth pigweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and velvetleaf control with incorporated chloramben was equal to or better than the control obtained with surface-applied chloramben. Regardless of method of application, control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed, and annual morningglory (Ipomoeaspp.) was poor.

Effect of Weeds on Soybean Yield and Harvesting Efficiency

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Nave ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

A reduction in soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) yield of 25% (1968) to 30% (1969) resulted from one smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.) per ft in 30-inch rows. A giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.) infestation of one plant per ft in 30-inch rows reduced yield 13% in 1969. Harvesting before weeds were desiccated resulted in significant threshing and separating losses as speed was increased from 1 to 2 and 3 mph. Stubble, lodging, and stalk losses were more than double in the pigweed and foxtail plots when compared to the weed-free plots after weeds were desiccated by frost.

Factors Influencing the Phytotoxicity of Chloroxuron

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne C. Carlson ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

The phytotoxicity of 3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) usually decreased as the stage of growth of five weed species at treatment increased. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and the cotyledonary stage of cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) were most resistant to the herbicide. Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.) and jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) were more susceptible to chloroxuron. Soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) seemed less susceptible at the cotyledonary stage than at later stages. Phytotoxicity on both weeds and soybeans was increased by increased temperature and relative humidity following chloroxuron application. The phytotoxicity of chloroxuron also was increased by simulated rainfall in greenhouse studies.

Effect of Time of Giant Foxtail Removal from Corn and Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellery L. Knake ◽  
Fred W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Better Than

With a corn (Zea mays L.) yield of 144 bu/A on weed-free plots, giant foxtail (Setaria faberii Herrm.) reduced corn yields 1, 2, 5, 7, and 18 bu/A, respectively, when removed when 3, 6, 9, and 12 inches high and at maturity. With a soybean (Glycine max L.) yield of 30 bu/A on weed-free plots, the same treatments reduced soybean yields 0, 0, 1, 2, and 18 bu/A, respectively. Giant foxtail competing with corn delayed tassel emergence but had little effect on moisture of grain or on shelling percent at harvest. The total dry matter produced per acre remained relatively constant whether the dry matter was made up of corn alone or corn and weeds. The greatest competitive effect of giant foxtail with soybeans occurred after the reproductive stage of soybeans began or after the weeds became sufficiently dense to reduce the light which soybeans received. Early-season competition had greater effect on corn than on soybeans. However, the taller growing corn competed better than soybeans with giant foxtail later in the season.

Germination Stimulation Properties of Carbamate Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fawcett ◽  
F. W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Stimulation Of

Butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate), EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate), diallate [S-(2,3-dichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate], CDEC (2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate), and chlorpropham (isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate) at 0.1 kg/ha caused increased velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) populations in field plots. Butylate caused increased populations of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) at rates of up to 1.1 kg/ha. In the laboratory, each of the six herbicides caused increased velvetleaf seed germination, and butylate, EPTC, and CDEC caused increased common lambsquarters germination when seeds were exposed to herbicide vapors prior to germination. Germination of velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiiHerrm.) was also increased by butylate solutions over a wide range of concentrations. Maximum germination stimulation generally occurred between concentrations of 10-5and 10-6M butylate. Seedling injury and death also resulted from these concentrations of butylate. Butylate stimulation of seed germination could not be correlated with light requirements of seeds, but appeared to be an additional promotive factor. Ungerminated common lambsquarters seeds after butylate treatment were viable and responded to KCN and KNO3in the same manner as control seeds which did not initially germinate in water. Butylate in combination with the antidote, R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) stimulated germination of common lambsquarters.

Efficacy of Bentazon and MSMA as Affected by a Humic Acid-Type Polymeric Polyhydroxy Acid Adjuvant

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
Gene D. Wills ◽  
Robert D. Wauchope
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Foliar applications of14C-bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] with PPA (polymeric polyhydroxy acid) at 1 or 2% (v/v) or nonoxynol (9.5 POE) [α-(p-nonylpheny1)-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)] at 1% (v/v) or mixtures of PPA and nonoxynol did not increase absorption or translocation of14C-bentazon in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee 74′] or common cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL. # XANST). PPA alone at 1 to 2% (v/v) did not significantly affect absorption or translocation of14C-bentazon in smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. # AMACH), but PPA with nonoxynol significantly increased translocation out of the treated leaf. Both PPA and nonoxynol decreased absorption and movement of14C-MSMA [monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid] out of the treated leaf of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA]. In greenhouse research, PPA at 0.25 and 0.5% (v/v) did not increase the level of control of common cocklebur obtained following postemergence applications of bentazon at 0.24 and 0.48 kg ai/ha. Similarly, PPA at 0.25 and 0.50% (v/v) did not increase the toxicity of MSMA at 0.3 and 0.6 kg ai/ha to either johnsongrass or common cocklebur.

Control of Triazine-Resistant Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in No-till Corn (Zea mays)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Hagood
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
No Till ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were established to evaluate preemergence and postemergence herbicides for control of triazine-resistant smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters in no-till corn. When applied preemergence, alachlor in the microencapsulated formulation controlled smooth pigweed better than the emulsifiable concentrate formulation and better than either metolachlor or pendimethalin. These herbicides applied preemergence did not control common lambsquarters consistently. Pendimethalin controlled both triazine-resistant species when applied as a sequential treatment of a preemergence and an early postemergence application. Control of triazine-resistant smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters was excellent when dicamba was applied early postemergence in treatments containing alachlor, metolachlor, or pendimethalin applied preemergence and/or early postemergence. Thiameturon and CGA-131036 controlled triazine-resistant smooth pigweed with acceptable crop tolerance. Thiameturon also controlled common lambsquarters, but control was unacceptable with CGA-131036.

Influence of Adjuvants and Application Variables on Postemergence Weed Control with Bentazon and Sethoxydim

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison ◽  
Loyd M. Wax ◽  
Loren E. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Control Equivalent

Experiments were conducted at Urbana, IL, in 1983 and 1984 to determine the effect of adjuvants, adjuvant rate, and carrier volume on postemergence weed control with bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’]. Little difference was observed between a petroleum oil:emulsifier blend (83:17, v/v) (POC) and a soybean oil: emulsifier blend (85:15, v/v) (SBOC) in enhancing control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) with 0.6 or 1.1 kg ai/ha bentazon. Application of bentazon in a carrier volume of 94 L/ha provided velvetleaf control equivalent to that applied in 187 L/ha. Increasing the adjuvant rate from 2.3 to 11.7 L/ha increased visible soybean injury but had no effect on velvetleaf control with bentazon. Control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) with 0.1 kg ai/ha sethoxydim was enhanced more by POC than by SBOC. Phytotoxicity of sethoxydim was not altered by changes in carrier volume or adjuvant rate under conditions of adequate soil moisture in 1983. Under limiting soil moisture in 1984, giant foxtail control with sethoxydim increased slightly when the adjuvant rate was increased from 4.6 to 11.7 L/ha, and carrier volume was increased from 47 to 187 L/ha.

Differential Phytotoxicity of an Amiben Metabolite

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Radicle Elongation ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii

The differential phytotoxicity of an unidentified amiben conjugate (hereinafter referred to as amiben-X), obtained from giant foxtail (Setaria faberii Herrm.) treated with 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) was tested in several plant species. Concentrations of amiben-X up to 10 ppm had no effect on radicle elongation in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) or ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.). Giant foxtail radicles were inhibited about 35% at 10 ppm. Amiben, amiben-X, and N-(3-carboxy-2,5-dichlorophenyl)-glucosylamine (hereinafter referred to as N-glucosyl amiben) were detected in seedling tissues of the three above species treated for 24 hr with 20 ppm amiben-X. The growth response of the plants to amiben-X probably resulted from the action of the amiben released by plant hydrolytic activity on amiben-X; amiben-X itself is considered to be relatively nonphytotoxic.

Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Cantwell ◽  
Rex A. Liebl ◽  
Fred W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Imazethapyr at 0.05 to 0.14 kg ai/ha applied preplant incorporated, preemergence, and postemergence was evaluated alone and with complementary herbicides in the field for weed control in soybean. Imazethapyr controlled 90% or more smooth pigweed regardless of application method or herbicide rate. Imazethapyr at 0.05 kg/ha controlled jimsonweed 30% better postemergence compared to soil applications. Imazethapyr at 0.10 kg/ha controlled 90% or more velvetleaf regardless of application method. The addition of alachlor to soil-applied imazethapyr enhanced giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf control. Adding acifluorfen or bentazon to postemergence imazethapyr antagonized weed control. Adding sethoxydim to postemergence imazethapyr was not beneficial.

Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) Control in Full-Season No-Till Soybeans (Glycine max)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ritter ◽  
Lisa M. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Better Than

Alachlor plus linuron tank mixed with paraquat and applied preemergence (PRE) did not control giant foxtail all season in full-season no-till soybeans. Alachlor applied early preplant (EPP) plus PRE was necessary to control (>70%) giant foxtail acceptably all season. Metolachlor applied PRE or EPP plus PRE were equally effective in controlling giant foxtail (71 to 74%). Oryzalin at 1.7 or 2.2 kg ai/ha applied fall or spring EPP controlled giant foxtail better than 70% through July. Oryzalin applied PRE did not control giant foxtail acceptably.

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