Preemergence Weed Control in Gladiolus Cormels

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Gilreath
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Gladiolus Plant

Multiple applications of several preemergence herbicides were evaluated for weed control and for phytotoxicity to gladiolus (Gladiolus X hortulanus L.) grown from cormels in 1984 and 1985. Oryzalin [4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] consistently provided acceptable control of southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. # DIGSP], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN], and smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH) and had minimal effect on gladiolus plant growth even after four applications. Pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] provided erratic weed control and reduced yields of gladiolus corms.

scholarly journals Response of Dianthus barbatus L. To Preemergence Herbicides

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Julie A. Jacobson ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Dianthus Barbatus ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Common Groundsel

Six different preemergence herbicides including one herbicide combination were applied to container-grown Dianthus barbatus L. (Sweet William) and evaluated for their effects on weed control, plant growth and phytotoxicity. Napropamide (Devrinol 10G), oryzalin (Surflan 40.4% AS), oxyfluorfen + oryzalin (Rout GS-3G), oxadiazon (Ronstar 2G), metolachlor (Dual 8EC), simazine (Princep 4G) and Dual and Princep were applied to container-grown Sweet William and studied for a growing season. Weed seeds sown were yellow foxtail, annual bluegrass, common groundsel, common chickweed, and creeping woodsorrel. Devrinol, Surflan, and Rout GS resulted in the best weed control without affecting the overall growth of Sweet Wiliam or resulting in any phytotoxicity at rates applied. Dual and Princep resulted in phytotoxicity at all rates applied on Sweet William to a degree that would make the plants unsalable.

scholarly journals Preemergent Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Julie Schuett ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Ajuga Reptans ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Dicentra Spectabilis

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate several preemergence herbicides for weed control, effects on plant growth, and phytotoxicity to container-grown herbaceous perennials. Surflan (Oryzalin) was applied at 0, 2.24, 4.48, 6.72 kg ai/ha (0, 2, 4, 6 lb ai/A), Ronstar (Oxadiazon) at 0, 4.48, 8.96, 13.44 kg ai/ha (0, 4, 8, 12 lb ai/A), and Rout (Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin) at 0, 3.36, 6.72, 10.08 kg ai/ha (0, 3, 6,9 lb ai/A) to container-grown Ajuga reptans atropurpurea L. (carpet bugle), Campanula garganica major (Ten.) Fiori (bellflower), and Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (spike gayfeather). Additionally, Devrinol (Napropamide) and Treflan (Trifluralin) were each applied at 0, 4.48, 8.96, 13.44 kg ai/ha (0, 4, 8, 12 lb ai/A) to Astilbe × arendsii Arends. (false spirea) and Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. (bleeding heart). Plants were grown in 2.54 1 (#1) containers in a medium of sand, topsoil, and sphagnum peat (1:1:1 by vol). Weed control was acceptable with all herbicides except Surflan at 2.24 kg ai/ha (2 lb ai/A) which did not control shepardspurse. Surflan applied at either 4.48 (41b ai/A) or 6.72 kg ai/ha (61b ai/A) rate resulted in phytotoxicity of carpet bugle, while the 6.72 kg ai/ha rate (6 lb ai/A) significantly reduced plant growth.

Preemergence Herbicides Followed by Trifloxysulfuron Postemergence in Cotton

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field studies were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to evaluate weed control and cotton response from PRE herbicides followed by (fb) trifloxysulfuron POST. In the first study, trifloxysulfuron at 3.8, 7.5, or 15 gai/ha was applied POST with or without pendimethalin at 690 gai/ha applied PRE in a factorial treatment arrangement. Visible crop injury occurred after all trifloxysulfuron applications, but injury was not affected by application of pendimethalin PRE. Cotton injury was 19 to 22% 7 d after POST treatment (DAT) from trifloxysulfuron at 3.8 to 15 g/ha but was 5 to 12% 28 DAT. Trifloxysulfuron controlled smooth pigweed, common ragweed, and common cocklebur, but spurred anoda, large crabgrass, goosegrass, and stinkgrass were not controlled by trifloxysulfuron. Morningglory species (tall morningglory, ivyleaf morningglory, and pitted morningglory) control with trifloxysulfuron at 7.5 and 15 g/ha was at least 79%, whereas velvetleaf was controlled 66% over all years. In a second study, clomazone, pendimethalin, pendimethalin plus fluometuron, pyrithiobac, or flumioxazin were applied PRE fb 7.5 g/ha trifloxysulfuron POST. Cotton injury from PRE herbicides fb trifloxysulfuron was 13 to 39% 7 DAT. Spurred anoda control exceeded 54% only with treatments that included flumioxazin or pyrithiobac PRE. Common lambsquarters, common cocklebur, and morningglory species were controlled at least 75% with all treatments that included trifloxysulfuron POST, whereas pendimethalin and clomazone usually controlled annual grasses. In both studies, the application of pendimethalin PRE controlled annual grass species and improved control of smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters over that controlled by trifloxysulfuron POST without a PRE herbicide.

scholarly journals (217) Preemergence Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034A-1034
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
James Klett ◽  
Teri Howlett ◽  
Matt Rogoyski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

During the 2005 season, three preemergence herbicides were applied to four container-grown herbaceous perennials and evaluated for weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. The herbicides and application rates were: 1) Pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G) 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg/ha; 2) Trifluralin and Isoxaben (Snapshot 2.5 TG) 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 kg/ha; and 3) S-metolachlor (Pennant Magnum 7.6 EC) 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 kg/ha. Herbicides were applied to Coral Bells (Heuchera sanguinea), Hopflower Oregano (Origanum libanoticum), CORONADO™ Hyssop (Agastache aurantiaca), and SPANISH PEAKS™ Foxglove (Digitalis thapsi). Treatments were applied twice with 30 days between applications. Plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity after 1, 2, and 4 weeks after applying herbicide treatments. No phytotoxicity symptoms were apparent on any of the plants treated with Pendulum, and plant size (dry mass) was not affected. Snapshot resulted in visual phytotoxicity with Digitalis and Heuchera at the higher rates and also resulted in smaller plants. Pennant Magnum caused phytotoxicity at all rates in all plants and resulted in significantly smaller plants than the control. Weed control was very good with all herbicides, but did not control every weed.

Influence of Soybean Oil Carrier and Method of Application on Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van E. Banks ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Marilyn McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} and bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] plus acifluorfen were applied through hydraulic flat-fan nozzles or controlled-droplet applicators (CDA) in water plus surfactant, soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] oil and water emulsions, and soybean oil alone. Except for inadequate weed control with CDA applications at 7 L/ha, method of application did not affect weed control of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL. #3XANST) or smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. # AMACH) at high rates of bentazon plus acifluorfen (560 plus 280 g ai/ha or above). With low rates (280 plus 140 g/ha or less), hydraulic flat-fan nozzles were more effective than CDA applications. Early CDA applications of acifluorfen in an oil carrier at a volume of 9 L/ha were as effective as hydraulic nozzle applications at a carrier volume of 47 L/ha. Later applications resulted in inadequate weed control. Increasing soybean oil concentration from 2.5 to 40% (v/v) in acifluorfen spray mixtures did not significantly increase the phytotoxicity of acifluorfen.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Herbicides on Field-Grown Woody Ornamentals

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Reeder ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
David B. South ◽  
Gary J. Keever
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
First Year ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Plant Injury

Abstract Six herbicides and selected combinations were evaluated on four field-grown woody landscape crops: live oak, ‘Mary Nell’ holly, ‘Chesapeake’ viburnum, and ‘Acoma’ crapemyrtle. All herbicide treatments provided excellent control of goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.). Treatments with Predict (norflurazon) provided adequate sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) control. Only Goal (oxyfluorfen)-containing treatments controlled cutleaf eveningprimrose (Oenothera laciniata Hill). Predict and Predict treatment-combinations bleached older foliage of crapemyrtle and viburnum when applied in the first year after planting; however, growth was not affected. Holly was not injured by any herbicide treatments. Pendulum (pendamethalin) and Surflan (oryzalin) had similar weed control activity and plant growth with no plant injury

Weed Control with Combinations of Selected Fungicides and Herbicides Applied Postmergence to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper ◽  
W. James Grichar ◽  
J. Tredaway Ducar ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1997 through 2001 in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas to evaluate compatibility of selected postemergence herbicides and fungicides applied in tank mixtures. Control of broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) by clethodim applied in tank mixtures with copper-based fungicides, fungicides containing chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin, and iprodione was reduced in 80, 69, 60, and 46% of comparisons, respectively, when compared to clethodim alone. Fluazinam, tebuconazole, and propiconazole did not reduce efficacy of clethodim. Efficacy was reduced more by fungicides when clethodim was applied in 230 L/ha spray volume compared with 94 L/ha. Efficacy of acifluorfen, bentazon, imazethapyr, and 2,4-DB applied with fungicides was also compared. Smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) control by 2,4-DB was reduced in at least two of three experiments when applied with chlorothalonil, copper-based fungicides, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin, and fluazinam. Iprodione did not affect efficacy of 2,4-DB. Control of smooth pigweed by imazethapyr was reduced when applied in combination with copper-based fungicides but not when applied with chlorothalonil, propiconazole, tebuconazole, fluazinam, propiconazole plus flutolanil, or propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin. Smooth pigweed control by acifluorfen was reduced in one of three experiments when applied with tebuconazole. Efficacy of acifluorfen was not affected by chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin, propiconazole, or fluazinam. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control by bentazon was reduced by propiconazole plus chlorothalonil, propiconazole plus flutolanil, and copper-based fungicides. With the exception of fluazinam and chlorothalonil applied with 2,4-DB in one experiment, fungicides did not affect peanut injury following application of acifluorfen, clethodim, imazethapyr, or 2,4-DB.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Fertility Regimes and Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Removal Times on Lettuce Yields

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431B-431
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Lettuce Yield ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

The effects of different smooth pigweed and common purslane removal times and two phosphorus (P) fertility regimes were studied under field conditions. Head lettuce (cv. South Bay) in organic soils low in P fertility. Smooth pigweed and common purslane were grown at a density of 16 plants per 6 m of row (5.4 m2) and five removal times (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) after lettuce emergence. Phosphorus (P) was applied broadcast (1200 kg P/ha) and banded 2 inches below each lettuce row (600 kg P/ha). Lettuce fresh weights were collected 8 weeks after emergence. When smooth pigweed was removed after 4 weeks, significant reductions (–17%) were observed for P banding. However, these reductions occurred after 2 weeks if P was broadcast. No significant differences were observed if removal was imposed later for P broadcast, whereas lettuce yields gradually decreased as removal time was delayed. These findings indicate that P banding can counteract the negative impact of smooth pigweed on lettuce and may allow farmers to delay weed control (if necessary) for another 2 weeks without significant yield reductions. Common purslane interference did not cause significant lettuce yield reductions as compared to the weed-free control for 6 weeks when P was banded, whereas this was true for P broadcast up to 4 weeks. Phosphorus fertility regime significantly influenced the period of weed interference of common purslane with lettuce, reducing its impact when P was banded.

scholarly journals Weed Control for Pot-In-Pot Production using Preemergence Herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare ◽  
Patricia Knight ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
James Altland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to investigate herbicides currently labeled for field and/or container production for use in pot-in-pot production. Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.), red maple (Acer rubrum Spach. ‘Autumn Flame’ and ‘Franksred’), ornamental pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne. ‘Bradford’ and ‘Cleveland Select’), river birch (Betula nigra L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. and F. pennsylvanica Marsh.‘Marshall's Seedless’), and zelkova (Zelkova serrata Spach ‘Village Green’) were evaluated for herbicide tolerance. Barricade 65WG, Surflan 4AS, and Pendulum 60WDG, used alone or in combination with Princep and Gallery 75 DF, had no adverse effect on tree shoot growth or trunk caliper growth when applied as a directed band application. Weed control varied depending upon local site conditions, herbicide rate and weed species.

scholarly journals Green house studies on the biology of winter annual grasses and the use of cover crops and herbicides for their control

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Ranjit ◽  
R Bellinder ◽  
C Benidict ◽  
V Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Green House ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Greenhouse studies were initiated in two small (Polypogon fugox) and large (Phalaris minor) seeded annual grasses in 2007 at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA. These two annual grasses were very common in wheat fields of midhills and terai regions of Nepal. P fugox was taken for biological study. Days to emergence took 8-11 days in green house. Early emerged panicles were longer than those emerged late. Panicle took 10-12 days to emerge completely from the flag leaf. Panicles per plant were 120. Seeds were very small having about 1091 seeds per panicle. So one fully matured plant could produce seeds about 130920. Study on eco-biology needs to continue in the future. P fugox and P minor responded differently to buckwheat residues. Among different treatments emergence and growth of both weeds were suppressed more by buckwheat residues when left on the surface than incorporated. P minor was less affected by buckwheat residues. It might be due to larger seed compared to P fugox. Post emergence herbicides clodinofop and pinoxaden were effective on both grasses. Isoproturon and tralkoxydim were effective on P fugox. Sulfosulfuron was good in reducing plant growth to some extent. Preemergence herbicides pendimethalin and s-metolochlor were effective in reducing emergence and growth of both weeds. Isoproturon and and sulfosulfuron suppressed plant growth reducing dry plant biomass. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7529 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.139-148

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