Wild oat (Avena fatua) seed production in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) is affected by the interaction of wild oat density and herbicide rate

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Wille ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
William J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Initial Population Density

The efficacy of current wild oat herbicides and their high cost have resulted in use rates that are less than those recommended. While acceptable weed control may be attained at less cost, this practice does not consider the potential for increased wild oat seed production. The objective of this experiment was to determine the interaction of wild oat density and reduced imazamethabenz rates on wild oat seed production in spring barley. As wild oat densities increased from 8 to 1,100 plants m−2, wild oat seed production increased from 180 to 9,950 seed m−2without herbicide, and from 0 to 2,810 seed m−2using 0.53 kg ai ha−1imazamethabenz. This general pattern was modeled using a cumulative logistic function. Estimates from this model indicated that < 1 wild oat seed m−2was produced at population densities of ≤ 20 plants at any imazamethabenz rate. Imazamethabenz rates of 0.26 kg ha−1or greater at wild oat densities of less than approximately 190 plants m−2did not result in wild oat seed production above the initial population density. As wild oat density increased, however, imazamethabenz rates below 0.40 kg ha−1resulted in substantially greater wild oat seed production compared to the recommended rate.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Growth and Development in Monoculture and Mixed Culture

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morishita ◽  
Donald C. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Oat Biomass

Barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Advance’) and wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) were grown in the field in monoculture and mixed culture (additively) to compare their seasonal growth and development. Barley and wild oat tiller and tiller head production were reduced by the interference (higher density) of the other species. Plant height of either species was not affected by interference of the other. Wild oat biomass was reduced more and at an earlier growth stage (two to three tillers) than was barley biomass (heading) in mixed culture. Barley and wild oat grown in monoculture had similar total plant nitrogen content throughput the growing season. Gas exchange and water potential of barley and wild oat in monoculture and mixed culture were similar. All measurements indicated that barley and wild oat grown in monoculture had growth and development patterns that were similar. In mixed culture, however, barley was more competitive with wild oat than wild oat was with barley. Wild oat reduced barley yield component quality and grain yield.

Factors of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference on Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morishita ◽  
Donald C. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Critical Duration ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Boot Stage

Field experiments were conducted in 1983 and 1984 to measure the interference of wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) removed at various stages of development (two to three leaves, two to three tillers, two nodes, and heading), plus treatments with wild oat not removed, and wild oat-free stands on the growth and yield of spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Advance’). The final plant density of barley and wild oat was 160 and 170 plants/m2, respectively. Based on aboveground barley biomass and yield, the critical duration of wild oat interference began about the two-node stage and continued until maturity of the barley. Wild oat interference reduced barley biomass, the number of tiller heads/plant, tiller heads/unit area, and tiller grain yield, but not the number or grain yield of the main-stem heads. Wild oat did not affect the soil matric potential or the barley total plant and soil nitrogen contents. However, wild oat did reduce total water and turgor potential in barley at the boot stage of growth, which may have affected tiller head formation.

Economic thresholds for wild radish, wild oat, hemp-nettle and corn spurry in spring barley

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Weaver ◽  
J. A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Economic Thresholds

The yield response of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Morrison') to a range of densities of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.), and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) was investigated in field experiments on Prince Edward Island from 1991 through 1994. Barley yield was modelled as a function of both barley and weed density. In the absence of weed competition, barley seed yield, number of main shoots, number of heads, and thousand-kernel weight varied significantly during the 4 yr of the study. Increasing densities of wild radish and wild oat reduced the number of barley heads primarily by interfering with tillering, but wild oat also reduced barley thousand-kernel weight. Hemp-nettle and corn-spurry at densities up to 200 plants m−2 had little effect on barley yield, except in a year of low barley yield potential. Estimated economic thresholds for wild radish, wild oat, hemp-nettle and corn spurry at a barley population of 250 plants m−2 were 37, 45, 122 and 297 plants m−2, respectively, assuming a weed-free yield of 4 t ha−1, a crop price of $100 t−1, and weed control costs of $30 ha−1. Key words: Avena fatua, Galeopsis tetrahit, Hordeum vulgare, Raphanus raphanistrum, Spergula arvensis, yield loss, weed interference, economic threshold

Use of Incorporated and Non-incorporated Granular Trifluralin for Annual Grass Control in Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Canola (Brassica napus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
West Central ◽  
Green Foxtail

The comparison of incorporation vs no incorporation on a mid-October application of the granular formulation of trifluralin to control infestations of wild oat and green foxtail was evaluated in spring barley, wheat, and canola in west central Saskatchewan over a 3 yr period. Incorporation treatments consisted of: no incorporation, one incorporation in fall, one incorporation in fall and a second in spring, one incorporation in fall and two additional incorporations in spring. All treatments eliminated green foxtail. In all three crops wild oat panicle counts were equivalent from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. Wild oat fresh weights in crops grown on stubble were similar for incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. In fallow crops, wild oat fresh weight reductions were greater in three of nine site years with incorporation. There was little difference in crop yields from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin.

Selectivity of Dichlofop Methyl Among Wheat, Barley, Wild Oat (Arena fatua) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Todd ◽  
E.H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

The selectivity of {2-[4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] methyl propionate}, (hereinafter referred to as dichlofop methyl), among wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Bonanza’), wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.) was investigated. On an ED50basis, barley, wild oat, and green foxtail were 2, 190, and 1,090 times more sensitive, respectively, to foliar-applied dichlofop methyl at the two-leaf stage than was wheat. Selectivity decreased with increasing maturity of the plant material with the ratio of selectivity between barley and wild oat decreasing from 55 at the two-leaf stage to three at the four-leaf-plus-one-tiller stage. Greater spray retention and more rapid penetration of dichlofop methyl partially explained the susceptibility of green foxtail, but did not explain selectivity between wheat, wild oat, and barley. Root uptake of14C-dichlofop methyl by the four species was proportional to the amount of solution absorbed during the treatment period and to the concentration of dichlofop methyl in the treatment solution but was not related to species sensitivity to this herbicide.

Intraspecific Differential Response of Wild Oat and Barley to Barban

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Jacobsohn ◽  
Robert N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
In The Wild

Two wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) biotypes and two barley(Hordeum vulgareL.) varieties known to have intraspecific differential response to foliarly-applied 4-chloro-2-butynylm-chlorocarbanilate (barban) were studied. When barban was applied to the roots, the intraspecific differential response (measured by shoot retardation) was maintained in both species but to a much lesser extent than previously observed with foliar application. Wild oat maintained a greater differential response than barley. Therefore, the factors causing the differential response to foliarly-applied barban may reside primarily in the leaves of both species but to some extent elsewhere (perhaps at the plant apex) in the wild oat biotypes and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the barley varieties. Differential response to foliar applications was not caused by differential uptake, but may be caused primarily by the susceptible biotype or variety's reduced ability to degrade barban beyond 3-chloroaniline. This might cause the greater build-up of compound X (a water-soluble 3-chloroaniline-containing metabolite of barban) observed in the susceptible biotype or variety. Compound X appeared to be nonphytotoxic. The build-up of compound X in turn may reduce the rate of metabolism of barban resulting in the greater amount of free barban found in the treated leaf of the susceptible biotype or variety 12 to 24 hr after treatment. This greater amount of free barban in the leaf of the susceptible biotype or variety may be responsible for the differential response to foliar applications of barban. Evidence for this partial explanation of the differential response was better for barley than for wild oat.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) with Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Beverly R. Durgan ◽  
Douglas W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Rates and application timings of postemergence herbicides for wild oat control in spring wheat and barley were evaluated at Crookston, MN, from 1994 to 1996. Diclofop, imazamethabenz, and fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron were applied to one- to three-leaf wild oat; and difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and fenoxaprop plus 2,4-D plus MCPA were applied to four- to five-leaf wild oat at 1/2 ×, 3/4 ×, and 1 × rates. Wild oat response to herbicide rate and timing was similar in wheat and barley. Wild oat control with 1/2 × rates generally was less than that with 3/4 × rates, which was lower than or similar to that with 1 × rates. Wild oat biomass was often reduced less with 1/2 × rates than 1 × rates. However, reducing herbicide rates generally did not influence grain yields or net economic return. Grain yields and net economic return were generally greater in herbicide-treated plots than in the nontreated control.

Effects of Variable Tralkoxydim Rates on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Seed Production, Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Yield, and Economic Return1

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN T. O'DONOVAN ◽  
K. NEIL HARKER ◽  
ROBERT E. BLACKSHAW ◽  
ROBERT N. STOUGAARD
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control by Flufenprop-methyl

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Miller ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja ◽  
W. A. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Postemergence applications of flufenprop-methyl [methyl-N-benzoyl-N(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-amino-propionate] for wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) control in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), durum wheat (Triticum durumL.), and barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) were evaluated in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environmental chambers. Wild oat control with flufenprop-methyl was greater at the five-leaf stage than three and one-half or two-leaf stage of growth. Wild oat control was not reduced when flufenprop-methyl was tank-mixed with bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one, 2,2-dioxide]. Tolerance of spring and durum wheat cultivars to flufenprop-methyl was acceptable; however, tolerance of barley cultivars was considerably more variable. Air temperature after treatment, soil fertility, and moisture did not influence wild oat control with flufenprop-methyl; however, a simulated rainfall of 1 mm within 1/2 h or 4 mm within 4 h after application reduced wild oat control.

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