scholarly journals Controlling Light Pollution in Chile: A Status Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Basic Level

A basic-level summary is provided of work since late 1993 to control light pollution in Chile. The purpose of this article is to stimulate such work inside Chile and to promote good lighting in developing countries in general. Chile is selected as the case study because of its critical importance to optical and radio astronomy, and the related economic and cultural benefits for Chile and the world. Examples are presented in some detail in order to illustrate adjustments that have been made to accommodate local scientific, cultural and economic realities and to show that it is necessary to anticipate the issues involved in controlling light pollution several decades before it would otherwise become a problem. It is hoped that international organizations such as the IAU, the IDA and the CIE can soon promote programmes in Chile that can serve as pilot programmes for other parts of the developing world.

Implementing BioSand Filters in Rural Honduras

2013 ◽  
pp. 468-496
Author(s):  
Jacob Z. Morris ◽  
Ken D. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Biosand Filter ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
The World

Access to clean water for drinking and sanitation is an urgent issue that the world is facing. According to the United Nations (UN), approximately one billion people live in extreme poverty, and almost 2.6 billion people live without the basics of adequate sanitation. Over the past two decades, the BioSand Filter has proven to be an effective and efficient point-of-use device to purify water to a potable level in developing countries. The success of this device is due to its simplicity, use of appropriate technology, and sustainability. This chapter discusses a case study of His Hands Mission International’s work installing these filters in the villages of rural Honduras. It focuses on the implementation, adoption, diffusion, and impacts of these filters, providing insight to the system’s factors of success. These factors provide information that can be utilized to improve the chances for success of similar system implementations around the world.

Youth Employment

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Şenol Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
The World

Youth employment has been a challenge with gradual acceleration from beginning of 1990s. It also has been exacerbated by latest global crises. Besides, as a fact mutually having a fostering relation with it, increasing rate of inactive population among the youth has caused to soar worry about the matter. Although youth unemployment is a common problem for developed and developing countries, it differs in these countries in terms of formation, intensity and solution way. In two decades countries around the world have implemented particular policies against the matter accordance to action plans prescribed by international organizations such as ILO, OECD and EU. Even though, there has been some partial improvements as a result of economic and labour market policies, there is a long way to solve the problem significantly and to decrease the anxiety down to reasonable level. Therefore, the countries must continuously monitor and analyze their conditions and create integrated policies suited to socio-economic conjuncture.

Social knowledge and international policymaking at the World Bank

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toye
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Binding Constraints

The production of social knowledge in all international organizations is problematic because all are public bureaucracies. The World Bank provides a case study of the problems of managing in-house research in an international public bureaucracy. Not only are there managerial constraints on what the Bank is willing to publish, but the binding constraints on publication evolve. The evolution in managerial objectives at the Bank in recent years and the factors that have influenced shifts in its rhetoric and policy are examined. Are these adjustments merely rhetorical? Recent research on poverty reduction, governance and conditionality is discussed to gauge how far the Bank has moved.

scholarly journals The international organizations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Milos Bjelic ◽  
Jerzy Krol
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Developing World ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Widespread Interest

During the Plenary Session on Prosthetics and Orthotics in the Developing Countries the representatives of the United Nations and the World Health Organization expressed the personal views which follow. They are presented here to the membership at large in view of the widespread interest and the Society's involvement in the problems of improving service in the developing world.

scholarly journals Study of Illumination Optical System to Control Light Pollution due to Night Lighting

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Kyung Sun Yoo ◽  
Soo Young Lee ◽  
Dong Hoon Hyun1 ◽  
Byoung Jo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Control Light

Background/Objectives: Artificial light has developed with both sides of light pollution. International organizations recognize the seriousness of light pollution and are offering ways to make restrictions light pollution.Methods/Statistical analysis: It padded an additional surface on the back of the lens to convert the light to the House side into a street side. The slope of the additional surface was determined by the angle of the light that emerged from the LED.As a result, it implemented B1 rating of security light on BUG Rating defined by IESNA.Findings: The total internal reflection of the lens was used to control the posterior light. The inner surface was set to totally reflect the light directed toward the house side inside the lens, and the inclination of the outer surface was set so that the light refracted from the outer surface and directed forward when the light exits. As a result of controlling the backlight in this way, the B1 light distribution classified by the BUG rating was implemented. It also made the ratio of light from Street side to House side about 8:2.Improvements/Applications: When applying the expression proposed in this paper to the streetlight optical system, it can complement the light pollution problem.  

scholarly journals Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Setelah Pemberian Rebusan Daun Salam pada Lansia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-434
Author(s):  
Santi Novitasari ◽  
Ricky Riyanto Iksan ◽  
Sri Atun Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Study Design ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT : THE DECREASE OF URIC ACID LEVELS AFTER GIVING SALAM LEAVES BOOKIN IN ELDERLY Background: Gout is a dominant health problem in various countries, both in developed countries and in developing countries, although the prevalence of gout in the world globally has not been recorded. Purpose : This study aims to identify the application of therapeutic interventions for giving bay leaf water decoction to reduce uric acid levels for the elderly. Result : This type of research is a case study design, which is a form of research (inquiry) or case studies and interventions about a problem that has a specificity (particularty). Results: The results of the study on 4 respondents who experienced a decrease in uric acid levels in the elderly after being given a decoction of bay leaves with an average value of 6.0 mg/dl. Conclusion: the conclusion from the study of giving bay leaf decoction to gout sufferers has shown a significant decrease in uric acid levels on the sixth day. Keywords : Elderly, Gout, Salam Leaves, Uric Acid Levels ABSTRAK PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT SETELAH PEMBERIAN REBUSAN DAUN SALAM PADA LANSIA Latar Belakang : Gout merupakan suatu masalah kesehatan yang dominan diberbagai negara, baik di negara – negara maju maupun di negara – negara berkembang, meskipun angka prevalensi gout di dunia secara global belum tercatat. Tujuan : Penelitian Ini bertujuan Untuk Teridentifikasi Penerapan Intervensi Terapi Pemberian Rebusan Air Daun Salam Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Asam Urat Bagi Lansia. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah case study design yaitu suatu bentuk penelitian (inquiry) atau studi kasus dan intervensi tentang suatu masalah yang memiliki sifat kekhususan (particularty). Hasil : Hasil penelitian pada 4 responden yang dilakukan mengalami penurunan kadar asam urat pada lansia setelah diberikan rebusan daun salam dengan rerata nilai 6,0 mg/dl. Kesimpulan : simpulan dari penelitian pemberian rebusan daun salam pada penderita asam urat telah menunjukan penurunan kadar asam urat yang signifikan pada hari ke enam. Kata Kunci : Asam Urat, Daun Salam, Kadar Asam Urat, Lansia

scholarly journals Countries' strategies in facing crisis and disasters during the Corona Virus pandemic - The case of the Kingdom of Bahrain -: استراتيجيات الدول في مواجهة الأزمات والكوارث أثناء جائحة كورونا  – دراسة حالة مملكة البحرين –

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baligh Ali Hasan Beshr
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Selective Process

The aim of this research us to identify the most important mechanisms and tools used by countries in facing the crisis of Corona Virus Pandemic (case study of the Kingdom of Bahrain) to review the most important aspects of the crisis and the mechanisms to overcome it while this crisis transformed to be economical, social, and environmental crisis impacting the sociality. The research problem summarized in what are the strategies taken by the Kingdom of Bahrain in containing and facing the crisis which it gives back the international organizations praise. The methodology used in this research is the descriptive analytical approach to describe the phenomena, the reasons behind it and the mechanism used to face it. The most important results of this research are, the international economy has suffered huge losses reached 50 billion dollars. Western governments have been unable to manage the crisis and have turned basic rights to health and life into a selective process. The unemployment rate rose to 1.2 points. The number of infected cases in the world has increased to 6, 925, 880 cases to date. As well as Bahrain has a strong infrastructure to cope with crises at all levels. Finally, kingdom of Bahrain has taken careful procedures and measures steps to manage the crisis. The research has given recommendations to increase the attention to scientific research in the field of crisis management and to rely on other sources of income instead of oil so as not to be affected by economic fluctuations and crises, and to conduct more research in the mechanisms of facing the emergencies and crisis and the readiness of after COVID- 19 Corona Virus.

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