A Photographic Map of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
D. W. G. Arthur ◽  
E. A. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Map Projection

The cartography of the lunar surface can be split into two operations which can be carried on quite independently. The first, which is also the most laborious, is the interpretation of the lunar photographs into the symbolism of the map, with the addition of fine details from telescopic sketches. An example of this kind of work is contained in Johann Krieger'sMond Atlaswhich consists of photographic enlargements in which Krieger has sharpened up the detail to accord with his telescopic impressions. Krieger did not go on either to convert the photographic picture into the line symbolism of a map, or to place this picture on any definite map projection.

Future lunar missions and investigation of dusty plasma processes on the Moon

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEY I. POPEL ◽  
LEV M. ZELENYI
Keyword(s):  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Charged Dust ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Lunar Dust ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dusty Plasma System

AbstractFrom the Apollo era of exploration, it was discovered that sunlight was scattered at the terminators giving rise to “horizon glow” and “streamers” above the lunar surface. Subsequent investigations have shown that the sunlight was most likely scattered by electrostatically charged dust grains originating from the surface. A renaissance is being observed currently in investigations of the Moon. The Luna-Glob and Luna-Resource missions (the latter jointly with India) are being prepared in Russia. Some of these missions will include investigations of lunar dust. Here we discuss the future experimental investigations of lunar dust within the missions of Luna-Glob and Luna-Resource. We consider the dusty plasma system over the lunar surface and determine the maximum height of dust rise. We describe mechanisms of formation of the dusty plasma system over the Moon and its main properties, determine distributions of electrons and dust over the lunar surface, and show a possibility of rising dust particles over the surface of the illuminated part of the Moon in the entire range of lunar latitudes. Finally, we discuss the effect of condensation of micrometeoriod substance during the expansion of the impact plume and show that this effect is important from the viewpoint of explanation of dust particle rise to high altitudes in addition to the dusty plasma effects.

scholarly journals Back to the Moon: The scientific rationale for resuming lunar surface exploration

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Crawford ◽  
M. Anand ◽  
C.S. Cockell ◽  
H. Falcke ◽  
D.A. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Surface Exploration ◽  
Scientific Rationale

X-ray fluorescence observations of the moon by SMART-1/D-CIXS and the first detection of Ti Kα from the lunar surface

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Swinyard ◽  
K.H. Joy ◽  
B.J. Kellett ◽  
I.A. Crawford ◽  
M. Grande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
The Moon ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals 2.2.4 Lunar Soil Movement Registered by the Apollo 17 Cosmic Dust Experiment

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto E. Berg ◽  
Henry Wolf ◽  
John Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
Cosmic Dust ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Normal Impact ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Impact Parameters

In December, 1973, a Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites (LEAM) experiment was placed in the Taurus-Littrow area of the moon by the Apollo 17 Astronauts. Objectives of the experiment were centered around measurements of impact parameters of cosmic dust on the lunar surface. During preliminary attempts to analyze the data it became evident that the events registered by the sensors could not be attributed to cosmic dust but could only be identified with the lunar surface and the local sun angle. The nature of these data coupled with post-flight studies of instrument characteristics, have led to a conclusion that the LEAM experiment is responding primarily to a flux of highly charged, slowly moving lunar surface fines. Undoubtedly concealed in these data is the normal impact activity from cosmic dust and probably lunar ejecta, as well. This paper is based on the recognition that the bulk of events registered by the LEAM experiment are not signatures of hypervelocity cosmic dust particles, as expected, but are induced signatures of electrostatically charged and transported lunar fines.

scholarly journals MINERAL MAPPING USING CHANDRAYAAN-1 HYPERSPECTRAL (HYSI) DATA FROM MARE VAPORUM

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
S. B. Sayyad ◽  
Z. R. Mohammed ◽  
R. R. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Mineral Mapping ◽  
Crustal Composition ◽  
False Color ◽  
Color Composite ◽  
Surface Mineralogy

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The imaging spectroscopy offers an opportunity to map and discriminate different minerals on the lunar surface which further helps to understand the origin, evolution process, and the crustal composition on the surface of the moon. Compositional mapping of the lunar surface is considered as a standard approach for mineral mapping. This paper reports surface mineralogy of the lunar surface from Mare Vaporum using Chandrayaan-1 Hyperspectral remotely sensed data from HySi sensor. False color composite is created using different band shaping algorithms like band strength; band curve and band tilt parameters at crucial wavelength for spatial analysis. The Spectral analysis has been done by deriving reflectance spectra at varying locations from the area under study. The Study shows the mineral map with different categories of minerals which are high-Ca pyroxene and/or olivine and low Ca-pyroxene. However because of the limited spectral coverage of HySi, data at the longer wavelengths required to discriminate among different group of minerals.</p>

scholarly journals Phases of the moon: a study of 19th century scientific book illustrations providing a comprehensive catalogue for the first three editions of James Nasmyth & James Carpenter's The Moon: considered as a planet, a world, and a satellite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Margaret Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Book Production ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Amateur Astronomer ◽  
Book Illustrations ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Phases Of The Moon

James Hall Nasmyth (1808–1890) was an accomplished engineer and amateur astronomer. The culmination of Nasmyth's drawings from telescopic observation, the advent of photomechanical print processes, and his interest in the causative features of the lunar surface, led to the 1874 publication of The Moon: Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite. This thesis provides a comprehensive catalogue of the lunar illustrations in the first three editions, revealing the aesthetic variations in the illustrative plates due to reproduction and print processes used. These processes include: engraving, photogravure, heliotype, lithograph, chromolithograph, and four different variations of the Woodburytype. The editions are contextualized using scientific photographs as illustrations, through a discussion of astronomy, book production, and Nasmyth's biography. Through an examination of Nasmyth's use of photography and permanent print processes, this thesis argues that his lunar illustrations remain an important scientific contribution.

POSSIBILITIES OF STUDYING THE LUNAR SOIL AND COMPARING THE COMPOSITIONS OF LUNAR AND TERRESTRIAL CLINOPYROXENES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Z. Golitsyna ◽  
◽  
A. Kirdyashkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Lunar Rocks ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The problem of compositional analysis of extraterrestrial crystalline rocks in the study of celestial bodies is considered. Since most of the bodies, terrestrial planets and their surrounding objects may contain clinopyroxenes, it is possible to study the temperature and pressure of rock formation in certain areas according to the state of these minerals, and the studies can be carried out identically to the geothermobarometry of Earth rocks. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of clinopyroxene compositions of the basic model system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 in the pressure range of 12...30 kbar and temperatures of 1325...1650 °C, which can be assumed as conditions for the formation of lunar rocks. The development of the necessary experimental data obtained in terrestrial conditions will help in the future to conduct remote studies of the Moon and other celestial bodies without the need to deliver soil to Earth. The revealed clinopyroxenes can be analyzed with existing geothermometers and geobarometers obtained for different ranges of P-T conditions. The possibility of creating a new geothermobarometer based on the distribution of minals or cations in clinopyroxene specifically for lunar rocks is not excluded. The main features and possible instrumentation of the apparatus intended for the study of the lunar surface are described. The study of different areas of the lunar surface will determine where the country rocks are located most closely to the surface. Analysis of silicate components of the lunar rocks will make it possible to get closer to the solution to the problem of initial composition of the lunar mantle

The Model A-5L Space Suit Contract

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Bill Ayrey
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Space Suit ◽  
The Moon

ILC Industries wins the Apollo suit contract and is now the prime contractor responsible for delivering the suit NASA needs to explore the lunar surface and provide other protection to the crews traveling to and from the moon.

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