Shamanism and the social nature of cumulative culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Nielsen ◽  
Ronald Fischer ◽  
Yoshihisa Kashima
Keyword(s):  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Motivations

AbstractOur species-unique capacity for cumulative culture relies on a complex interplay between social and cognitive motivations. Attempting to understand much of human behaviour will be incomplete if one of these motivations is the focus at the expense of the other. Anchored in gene-culture co-evolution theory, we stake a claim for the importance of social drivers in determining why shamans exist.

Pain, Subjectivity, and the Social

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Epistemological Problem ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social

This introductory chapter first describes two different recent approaches to the relation between pain and social life. The first position casts the pain of the other primarily as an epistemological problem—the thing we cannot, but most need to, know. The second approach emphasizes how pain is always already part of a social world. The chapter then considers some of the terms in which Victorian medical professionals, caregivers, and sufferers understood the social nature of pain. Finally, this chapter discusses what is meant by the book's title, “Victorian Pain.” The goal here is to explain why this book seeks to describe not how pain was represented or constructed, but instead how pain was used by a range of writers at a particular time.

Innovations in Community-Based and Interdisciplinary Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Eric Rice ◽  
Robin Petering ◽  
Erin Stringfellow ◽  
Jaih B. Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Network Connections ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inductive Theory

We present a preliminary theory of innovation in social work science. The focus of the piece is two case studies from our work that illustrate the social nature of innovations in the science of social work. This inductive theory focuses on a concept we refer to as transformative innovation, wherein two sets of individuals who possess different expertise and different network connections come together to solve a problem and in so doing transfer ideas from one network and field of expertise to the other. This transfer of ideas inevitably involves the transformation of ideas, such that the final innovation is something new to both groups of people, and as such innovative.

scholarly journals Privacy as an Alterity Problem Dimension: Analysis of Ten Journalism Dictionaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Rogério Christofoletti
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Dimension ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information

The social nature of journalism forces this activity to take place only in the face of alterity and from it. To narrate the facts, the journalist resorts to the Other - as a source of information - and the product of this work is destined to another Other, the audience. Information publicity and privacy regimes are related to alterity in journalism. Privacy is an individual right that can constrain a collective right, for example. To deepen the debate, this article identifies how privacy presents itself in the academic bibliography and ten area dictionaries over five decades. The results point to rarity, outdatedness and insufficiency in the treatment of the subject in journalism.A natureza social do jornalismo obriga esta atividade a se efetivar apenas diante da alteridade e a partir dela. Para narrar os fatos, o jornalista recorre ao Outro - como fonte de informação - e o produto desse trabalho se destina a um outro Outro, a audiência. Regimes de privacidade e publicidade das informações relacionam-se à alteridade no jornalismo. A privacidade é um direito individual que pode constranger um direito coletivo, por exemplo. Para aprofundar o debate, este artigo identifica como a privacidade se apresenta na bibliografia acadêmica e em dez dicionários da área ao longo de cinco décadas. Os resultados apontam para raridade, desatualização e insuficiência no tratamento do tema no jornalismo.El periodismo sólo se realiza en la otredad y a partir de ella. Para narrar los hechos, los periodistas buscan el otro - como fuentes de información - y el resultado de este trabajo es un otro Otro, la audiencia. Las políticas de privacidad e publicidad de las informaciones refuerzan la otredad en el periodismo. La privacidad es un derecho individual que puede desconcertar un derecho colectivo. Para una mayor discusión, este artículo identifica como la privacidad se presenta en diez diccionarios de la área en cinco décadas. Los resultados indican tratamiento raro, obsoleto e insuficiente acerca de la privacidad en el periodismo.

Activism in a time of pandemic: The impact of COVID-19 in Chilean citizen movement after the uprising of October 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Bronfman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Chile, unlike other countries in the region, is facing two major crises: one of a large social nature and the other in public health, which is in its form of the pandemic that is currently affecting the entire world. In October 2019, secondary-school and university students organized a massive evasion of the Santiago metro fare. The reason was to protest the 30 pesos increase in the cost of the ticket. This apparently small issue detonated the greatest protest movement of the last 30 years. By January 2019, the uprising had left 31 dead and 5,558 people who reported human rights violations, including 331 with ocular trauma or injury to their eyes and 21 suffered damage or loss of the eyeball. In March 2019, protests were eradicated from the streets and the development of the movement was slowed down by the powerful action of the Coronavirus. This article explores the impact that the COVID-19 crisis had on citizen movement, and the functionality of the health crisis to establish the de facto authoritarian hyper-controlled state in order to freeze the social crisis. Also, this work identifies the strategy that the Chilean citizen movement developed to survive during 2020, applying Pleyers’s (2020) model of analysis of activism under pandemic as a starting point.

scholarly journals It’s all relative? Post-truth rhetoric, relativism, and teaching on “Authority as Constructed and Contextual”

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Andrea Baer
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Academic Librarians ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Current Climate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Objective Indicators

Within the current climate of political polarization and discussions about “post-truth” rhetoric, many academic librarians are debating how the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education1 does or does not address “post-truth” thinking and rhetoric. Most of these discussions have centered on the Authority Is Constructed frame, which describes source authority as determined largely in communities and within specific contexts, rather than as anything absolute or universal. The concept of constructed authority can potentially be understood as an affirmation that authority is purely a matter of opinion or subjective evaluation, or that there are no consistent or objective indicators of credibility. On the other hand, the notion of authority as entirely objective misrepresents the social nature of knowledge creation and renders invisible the sociocultural structures and systems that powerfully share what is considered knowledge.

scholarly journals MENCIPTA DENGAN MENGHANCURKAN: SIGNIFIKANSI SEMIOTIK KEKERASAN DAN REPRODUKSI IDENTITAS SOSIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Geger Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Scarce Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sense Of Identity

<p>In this article, I want to show the semiotic significance of violence which made its representation profoundly essential in cultural life. My argument is we cannot fully comprehend the social nature of violence provided we view it merely as an act to satisfy the desire to harm the other or to seize a contested scarce resource. As it gave off the impression of negating the others, violence, whatever its motive, tend to be interpreted as the sign of one’s commitment toward his/her group while considerably strengthening the group’ sense of identity. It is this semiotic significance of violence, I argue, which made it being reproduced prevalently in our cultural imaginations. I will be arguing this by examining cases in which the representation of violence being actively exhibited and exploited to invoke a particular sense of identity.</p>

The Other Side of the Coin: Conceptualizing the Relationship between Business and the State in the Age of Globalisation

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jürgen Bieling
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Private Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategic Options ◽  
The Relationship

The concluding article to the special issue critically reflects on arguments and analysis presented in the preceding articles. It argues that globalisation, new forms of private authority and the increased power of transnational business have not generally weakened the state, but rather advanced a business-oriented transformation of statehood. To understand this transformation the article first provides a very short overview of the state-globalisation debate. Subsequently, it deals more explicitly with the state theoretical debate. In particular, it brings together neo-Marxist and post-Weberian conceptualisations in order to address both the social nature of the state and the particular forms and processes by which it is interactively embedded in the economy and society. After an outline of the transformation of statehood and the strategic options for non-state actors, the article concludes with some critical remarks on the future of democratic politics.

scholarly journals Classical and Non-Classical Versions of the Ontological Argument

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
K. V. Sorvin
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
Ontological Argument ◽  
The Other ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Classical Version ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Scientific Doctrine ◽  
Hegelian Philosophy

The article is devoted to the interpretation of the ontological argument as a theoretical construction that is connected with understanding of the reflexive relationship of thinking and existence. The author concludes that the consistent implementation of this approach requires an appeal to the historically transitory forms of the ontological argument which reconstructs the logic of the evolution of reflexive systems. The ontological argument is considered as a developing theoretical construct. Therefore, theoretical constructs conceptualized as non-classical versions of the ontological argument will constantly re-emerge. Emergence of the first non-classical version of the ontological argument is related to need of overcoming apriority of introduction of the idea of the absolute being which is typical for Cartesianism. This issue was realized in the Kantian doctrine of transcendental ideas, which presented mind as an independent essence that creates its own content. Thus, the metaphysical construction, conditionally referred to as “the moral proof of the existence of God,” is revealed in the paper as a non-classical variant of the ontological argument. However, while Kant could be content with faith in reality of other subjectivity as an object of moral action, Fichte’s scientific doctrine demanded a proof of objective reality of the concept of the other I. This issue was identical to a basic problem of an ontological argument. “The ontological argument of the other I” offered by Fichte was devoid of mysticism as it is indissolubly connected with the disclosure of the social nature of the human subjectivity. The last step in formation of the concept “non-classical version of the ontological argument” was taken in Hegelian philosophy, where the reflexive relations between the multitude of I’s were transformed to reflexive interconnection between God and man. The versions of ontological argument are considered in the paper as necessary stages which any theoretical model of reflexive systems has to pass in its formation.

scholarly journals Od kulture sebičnosti prema kulturi solidarnosti

2017 ◽  
Vol 72. (3.) ◽  
pp. 385-385
Author(s):  
Josip Jelenić
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The author reflects on the phenomenon in contemporary society called the culture of egoism which has become the ideology of modern man. This ideology always excludes the other, the one who is different, because it is concerned with one–way egotistical activities based on domination. The result is division in society causing permanent conflict and ending, as a rule, in self–destruction. Instead of a culture of egoism, always ideology–based, a culture of solidarity is recommended as the way in which to live and work for one’s personal and also the common good. Here solidarity is understood and accepted as a basic value which evolves into a principle and a mandatory course of action. After all, it is solidarity, and not egoism, which is the expression of the social nature of the human being.

Community in the Online Environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Janet Lear
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social

Students enrolled in a face-to-face classroom have the opportunity to interact with their peers and develop a sense of community, feelings of belonging, and connectedness. However, students taking courses accessed through the Internet, while they do have classmates, generally cannot see the other students and usually do not interact synchronously with these individuals because the flexibility of both time and location allow for differences in course access. This lack of face-to-face synchronous interaction with other students enrolled in online classes has led to concern about online education because of the social nature of learning. To facilitate the social nature of learning, instructors in the online environment may design classes that engage students and promote the building of community among the students enrolled in the course. Those instructors who perceive that social learning is important will, therefore, encourage students to build the connections that lead to a sense of community and a successful online learning experience.

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