scholarly journals Kinematics and Ages of UV Ceti Stars

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
A. Poveda ◽  
C. Allen ◽  
M.A. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Contact Binaries ◽  
Flare Stars ◽  
Velocity Dispersions ◽  
Halo Population ◽  
Kinematic Properties ◽  
Total Velocity

AbstractThe kinematic properties of 93 UV Ceti stars of the solar neighborhood are studied, based on a list of flares within 25 pc of the Sun (π ≥ 0".04). With updated values for their distances, proper motions and radial velocities (Gliese & Jahreiss 1991) space velocity dispersions are calculated for these stars. It is found that the total velocity dispersion of the flare stars (σ=30±3 km s−1) is similar to that of the F5 V stars from the same catalogue, for which the conventionally estimated mean age is about 3 · 109 years. A number of flare stars are identified as members of the Hyades, Sirius or Pleiades groups. The velocity dispersions found for the nearby flare stars, as well as their scale height and the membership of some of them to young kinematic groups, indicate that they belong to the young disk population. A small number (7) of UV Ceti stars have kinematics corresponding to the thick disk or halo population. Their long-lived chromospheric activity is interpreted as due to coalescence of old contact binaries. The question of the age of Proxima Centauri is examined in the context of our results, and found to be compatible with the ages of a Centauri A and B.

scholarly journals The relation between velocity dispersions and chemical abundances in RAVE giants

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (S330) ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Smiljanic ◽  
Rafael Silva de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Gaia Dr1 ◽  
Velocity Dispersions ◽  
Kinematic Properties ◽  
Robust Result

AbstractWe developed a Bayesian framework to determine in a robust way the relation between velocity dispersions and chemical abundances in a sample of stars. Our modelling takes into account the uncertainties in the chemical and kinematic properties. We make use of RAVE DR5 radial velocities and abundances together with Gaia DR1 proper motions and parallaxes (when possible, otherwise UCAC4 data is used). We found that, in general, the velocity dispersions increase with decreasing [Fe/H] and increasing [Mg/Fe]. A possible decrease in velocity dispersion for stars with high [Mg/Fe] is a property of a negligible fraction of stars and hardly a robust result. At low [Fe/H] and high [Mg/Fe] the sample is incomplete, affected by biases, and likely not representative of the underlying stellar population.

Different Laws of Increasing of Stellar Dispersion: Observational Flaws or Natural Property of Stellar Population?

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 433-434
Author(s):  
A.M. Fridman ◽  
O.V. Khoruzhii ◽  
A.E. Piskunov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Dispersion Relations ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Natural Property ◽  
Stellar Component ◽  
Velocity Dispersions

Observations show that in the solar neighborhood the velocity dispersions of disk stars increase with their age. In this work we present the results of a critical analysis of the existing interpretations of the data, as well as of previous theoretical explanations of the heating phenomenon. It is shown that different relaxation mechanisms based on star-cloud collisions can result in a wide set of age–velocity dispersion relations (AVDR). Thus the observed differing power laws of the heating of the stellar component can be a consequence of the different relaxation mechanisms.

Kinematics of OB-associations in the 3-kpc solar neighborhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S345) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Anna M. Melnik ◽  
Andrei K. Dambis ◽  
Elena V. Glushkova ◽  
Pertti Rautiainen
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Local System ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Average Residual ◽  
Ob Associations ◽  
Stellar Masses ◽  
Formation Efficiency

AbstractWe use Gaia (DR1, DR2) stellar proper motions to study the kinematics of OB-associations. The average one-dimensional velocity dispersion inside 18 OB-associations with more than 10 Gaia DR1 stars is σv = 3.9 km s−1. The median virial and stellar masses of OB-associations are equal to 7×105 and 9 × 103 solar masses, respectively. The median star-formation efficiency is ε = 2.1%. We have found the expansion in several OB-associations. Models of the Galaxy with a two-component outer ring R1R2 can reproduce the average residual velocities of OB-associations in the Perseus, Sagittarius and Local System complexes.

scholarly journals Kinematics of the Galactic Globular Cluster System

1988 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Webbink
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Galactocentric Distance ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Globular Cluster System ◽  
Kinematic Properties

Constraints on cluster kinematics proper motions, radial velocities and tidal radii are reviewed. Analysis of the cluster radial velocity distribution suggests a rotation law for the system in which the specific angular momentum is nearby independent of galactocentric distance, and the residual velocity dispersion is isotropic. However, the absence of severely tidally truncated clusters indicates that nearly radial orbits are absent from this distribution. The kinematic properties of the remote halo clusters remain largely indeterminate. Absolute proper motions measured directly with respect to background galaxies and quasars are needed to determine the kinematics of these objects, and also to elucidate the process of tidal stripping.

scholarly journals Absolute Magnitudes of RR Lyrae Variables

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
S. V. M. Clube
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Photoelectric Photometry ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Solar Motion ◽  
Absolute Magnitudes ◽  
Kinematic Properties

My remarks concern the kinematics of a-type RR Lyrae variables with large ∆s(≥5), supposedly halo members, which have relatively well determined proper motions (μ) and radial velocities (ϱ) as well as accurate photoelectric photometry (m). The number of variables fulfilling these criteria is about 60. Using procedures which need not be discussed in detail here, it is possible to determine the statistical kinematic properties of these stars - that is, their solar motion (υ) and velocity dispersion (σ) - in two different ways:

scholarly journals Rotation Periods of Nearby, Mid-to-late M Dwarfs from the MEarth Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (S314) ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Elisabeth R. Newton ◽  
Jonathan Irwin ◽  
David Charbonneau ◽  
Zachary K. Berta-Thomspon ◽  
Andrew A. West
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Galactic Kinematics ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
Velocity Dispersions ◽  
Late Stages

AbstractField stars provide important constraints for the late stages of stars' angular momentum evolution. We measured rotation periods ranging from 0.1 to 150 days for approximately 450 mid-to-late M dwarfs using photometry from the MEarth transiting planet survey. We use parallaxes, proper motions, and radial velocities to calculate galactic kinematics for these solar neighborhood M dwarfs. The velocity dispersions increase towards longer rotation periods, indicating that there is a relationship between rotation and age for these stars.

scholarly journals The merger-driven evolution of massive early-type galaxies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (S359) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Carlo Cannarozzo ◽  
Carlo Nipoti ◽  
Alessandro Sonnenfeld ◽  
Alexie Leauthaud ◽  
Song Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Velocity ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Early Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kinematic Properties ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe evolution of the structural and kinematic properties of early-type galaxies (ETGs), their scaling relations, as well as their stellar metallicity and age contain precious information on the assembly history of these systems. We present results on the evolution of the stellar mass-velocity dispersion relation of ETGs, focusing in particular on the effects of some selection criteria used to define ETGs. We also try to shed light on the role that in-situ and ex-situ stellar populations have in massive ETGs, providing a possible explanation of the observed metallicity distributions.

scholarly journals Kinematics of Disk Stars in the Solar Neighbourhood

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
A.E. Gómez ◽  
S. Grenier ◽  
S. Udry ◽  
M. Haywood ◽  
V. Sabas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Thin Disk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Radial Velocity Data

Using Hipparcos parallaxes and proper motions together with radial velocity data and individual ages estimated from isochones, the velocity ellipsoid has been determined as a function of age. On the basis of the available kinematic data two different samples were considered: a first one (7789 stars) for which only tangential velocities were calculated and a second one containing 3104 stars with available U, V and W velocity components and total velocities ≤ 65 km.s-1. The main conclusions are: -Mixing is not complete at about 0.8-1 Gyr. -The shape of the velocity ellipsoid changes with time getting rounder from σu/σv/σ-w = 1/0.63/0.42 ± 0.04 at about 1 Gyr to1/0.7/0.62 ±0.04 at 4-5 Gyr. -The age-velocity-dispersion relation (from the sample with kinematical selection) rises to a maximum, thereafter remaining roughly constant; there is no dynamically significant evolution of the disk after about 4-5 Gyr. -Among the stars with solar metallicities and log(age) > 9.8 two groups are identified: one has typical thin disk characteristics, the other is older than 10 Gyr and lags the LSR at about 40 km.s-1 . -The variation of the tangential velocity with age(without selection on the tangential velocity) shows a discontinuity at about 10 Gyr, which may be attributed to stars typically of the thick disk populations for ages > 10 Gyr.

scholarly journals The AMBRE project: The thick thin disk and thin thick disk of the Milky Way

2017 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. L1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hayden ◽  
A. Recio-Blanco ◽  
P. de Laverny ◽  
S. Mikolaitis ◽  
C. C. Worley
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Thin Disk ◽  
Thick Disk ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Galaxies ◽  
Subgiant Stars

We analyze 494 main sequence turnoff and subgiant stars from the AMBRE:HARPS survey. These stars have accurate astrometric information from Gaia DR1, providing reliable age estimates with relative uncertainties of ±1 or 2 Gyr and allowing precise orbital determinations. The sample is split based on chemistry into a low-[Mg/Fe] sequence, which are often identified as thin disk stellar populations, and high-[Mg/Fe] sequence, which are often associated with thick disk stellar populations. We find that the high-[Mg/Fe] chemical sequence has extended star formation for several Gyr and is coeval with the oldest stars of the low-[Mg/Fe] chemical sequence: both the low- and high-[Mg/Fe] sequences were forming stars at the same time. We find that the high-[Mg/Fe] stellar populations are only vertically extended for the oldest, most-metal poor and highest [Mg/Fe] stars. When comparing vertical velocity dispersion for the low- and high-[Mg/Fe] sequences, the high-[Mg/Fe] sequence has lower vertical velocity dispersion than the low-[Mg/Fe] sequence for stars of similar age. This means that identifying either group as thin or thick disk based on chemistry is misleading. The stars belonging to the high-[Mg/Fe] sequence have perigalacticons that originate in the inner disk, while the perigalacticons of stars on the low-[Mg/Fe] sequence are generally around the solar neighborhood. From the orbital properties of the stars, the high-[Mg/Fe] and low-[Mg/Fe] sequences are most likely a reflection of the chemical enrichment history of the inner and outer disk populations, respectively; radial mixing causes both populations to be observed in situ at the solar position. Based on these results, we emphasize that it is important to be clear in defining what populations are being referenced when using the terms thin and thick disk, and that ideally the term thick disk should be reserved for purely geometric definitions to avoid confusion and be consistent with definitions in external galaxies.

scholarly journals Understanding biases in measurements of molecular cloud kinematics using line emission

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (2) ◽  
pp. 2440-2455
Author(s):  
Yuxuan (宇轩) Yuan (原) ◽  
Mark R Krumholz ◽  
Blakesley Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Molecular Cloud ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Molecular Line ◽  
Velocity Dispersions ◽  
Cloud Kinematics ◽  
Measurement Biases

ABSTRACT Molecular line observations using a variety of tracers are often used to investigate the kinematic structure of molecular clouds. However, measurements of cloud velocity dispersions with different lines, even in the same region, often yield inconsistent results. The reasons for this disagreement are not entirely clear, since molecular line observations are subject to a number of biases. In this paper, we untangle and investigate various factors that drive linewidth measurement biases by constructing synthetic position–position–velocity cubes for a variety of tracers from a suite of self-gravitating magnetohydrodynamic simulations of molecular clouds. We compare linewidths derived from synthetic observations of these data cubes to the true values in the simulations. We find that differences in linewidth as measured by different tracers are driven by a combination of density-dependent excitation, whereby tracers that are sensitive to higher densities sample smaller regions with smaller velocity dispersions, opacity broadening, especially for highly optically thick tracers such as CO, and finite resolution and sensitivity, which suppress the wings of emission lines. We find that, at fixed signal-to-noise ratio, three commonly used tracers, the J = 4 → 3 line of CO, the J = 1 → 0 line of C18O, and the (1,1) inversion transition of NH3, generally offer the best compromise between these competing biases, and produce estimates of the velocity dispersion that reflect the true kinematics of a molecular cloud to an accuracy of $\approx 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ regardless of the cloud magnetic field strengths, evolutionary state, or orientations of the line of sight relative to the magnetic field. Tracers excited primarily in gas denser than that traced by NH3 tend to underestimate the true velocity dispersion by $\approx 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on average, while low-density tracers that are highly optically thick tend to have biases of comparable size in the opposite direction.

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