Multilingualism in Metropolitan London

English Today ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinier Salverda
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
University College London ◽  
The Common

A description and discussion of the vast linguistic diversity in the capital of the United Kingdom.LONDON today is an enormous Tower of Babel, where in addition to the common language, English, many other languages are spoken. On Tuesday 13 March 2001, as part of the Lunch Hour Lecture Series at University College London, Professor Reinier Salverda discussed the linguistic diversity of contemporary London, presenting recent data on the other languages spoken there, as well as focussing on the social aspects of this linguistic diversity, in particular issues of language policy and language management. The following is a slightly adapted version of that presentation.

European Coal and Steel Community

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
German Federal Republic ◽  
Vice Presidents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up

The Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) held an extraordinary session at Strasbourg from November 27 to 30, 1956. It elected as its President, Mr. Hans Furler (German Federal Republic, Ohristian Democrat) and the following Vice-Presidents: Messrs. Jean Fohrmann (Luxembourg, Socialist), Roger Motz (Belgium, Liberal), G. Vixseboxse (Netherlands, Historical Christian), Emile Vanrullen (France, Socialist) and Emilio Battista (Italy, Ohristian Democrat). The Assembly discussed four reports. The first dealt with the crisis in the coal market, and pointed out that one of the causes for the crisis was the exceptional cold the preced-ing winter which had led to heavy drawing on stocks and the oil shortage. Under its Treaty, the ECSC had the duty of seeing that adequate supplies reached its members, but the High Authority had not been given many means of ensuring this. The report recommended that the High Authority, in collaboration with the Assembly's Committee on the common market, take up a number of specific questions relative to coal, preferably in the framework of a special conference along the lines of that set up to study security in the mines. The questions included 1) the coordination of measures proposed within each member country, 2) steps to increase production and to bring about economies in the use of coal and coke, and 3) questions of delivery and the import of coal from the United States. The other three reports dealt with 1) the creation, functions and composition of one or more joint committees (“commissions paritaires”) within the framework of the Community, 2) the social aspects of the proposed common market, and 3) security and rescue systems in the mines of the Community.

Voices of Spectators and Audience Power

Pólemos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Biet
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dramatic Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Voice ◽  
The Way

AbstractTheatre and law are not so different. Generally, researchers work on the art of theatre, the rhetoric of the actors, or the dramaturgy built from law cases or from the questions that the law does not completely resolve. Trials, tragedies, even comedies are close: everybody can see the interpenetration of them on stage and in the courts. We know that, and we know that the dramas are made with/from/of law, we know that the art the actors are developing is not so far from the art of the lawyers, and conversely. In this paper, I would like to have a look at the action of the audience, at the session itself and at the way the spectators are here to evaluate and judge not only the dramatic action, not only the art of the actors, not only the text of the author, but also the other spectators, and themselves too. In particular, I will focus on the “common judgment” of the audience and on its judicial, aesthetic and social relationship. The spectators have been undisciplined, noisy, unruled, during such a long period that theatre still retains some prints of this behaviour, even if nowadays, the social and aesthetic rule is to be silent. But uncertainty, inattention, distraction, contradiction, heterogeneity are the notions which characterise the session, and the judgments of the spectators still depend on them. So, what was and what is the voice of the audience? And with what sort of voice do spectators give their judgments?

scholarly journals Developing Soft Skills among Potential Employees: A Theoretical Review on Best International Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Malykhin ◽  
Nataliia Oleksandrivna Aristova ◽  
Liudmyla Kalinina ◽  
Tetyana Opaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Common Language ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
A Company ◽  
Selection Of

The present paper addresses the issue of determining the best international practices for developing soft skills among students of different specialties through carrying out a theoretical review. Basing on literature on present-day theory the authors make an attempt to explain soft skills dichotomies, summarize existing approaches to classifying soft skills, consolidate and document best international practices for soft skills development among potential employees of different specialties including bachelor students, master students, doctoral and postdoctoral students. The data obtained in the theoretical analysis reveal that the possible ambiguities in the interpretation of the concept of “soft skills” are caused, on the one hand, by the dichotomic perception of their nature by present-day researchers and educators and, on the other hand, by the absence of the common language which makes it difficult to provide a more unified definition most satisfactory to all concerned. The authors are convinced that soft skills have a cross-cutting nature and regard them as personal and interpersonal meta-qualities and meta-abilities that are vital to any potential employee who is going to make positive contributions not only to his/her professional development but to the development of a company he/she is going to work for. The results of the conducted theoretical review clearly indicate that the absence of the unified understanding of the concept of “soft skills” is reflected in the existence of different approaches to classifying soft skills, let alone, the selection of didactic tools for developing soft skills among potential employees.

European Coal and Steel Community

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-596
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
The Third ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Common ◽  
Foreign Ministers ◽  
Opening Address

Common AssemblyThe third ordinary session of the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) reconvened from June 21 to 24, 1955. In his opening address Mr. Rene Mayer, newly elected president of the High Authority of the ECSC, expressed general agreement with the policy resolutions passed by the Common Assembly at its May meeting, and specifically mentioned resolutions on cartels, on implementation of the association agreement with the United Kingdom, and on action to improve the living standard of the workers in the ECSC countries, in regard to which he announced that the High Authority would shortly conclude two loans to finance new workers' housing projects–one of $4,000,000 in Belgium and the other of just over $4,000,000 in Germany. In addition, $300,000 were to be allocated for medical research. In commenting on the Messina conference of foreign ministers, Mr. Mayer said that the High Authority welcomed the decision to explore means of extending the single market. At the same time, he warned the Assembly to expect resistance to changes as the Community developed.

scholarly journals Visualisation of Written Culture with Digital Collage and Woman Representation: Visualisation of Woman Figure in the Mountain and Sea Themed Turkish Cypriot Legends

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Gurkan Gokasan ◽  
Erdal Aygenc
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Mother Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Element ◽  
Tangible Culture ◽  
Turkish Cypriot

Abstract This study aimed to visualise the written versions of legends, which can transform the intangible culture as one of the significant parts of culture covering human facts and some habits like art, customs, traditions, into the tangible culture which is the other part of culture, through certain theme/s. Within this perspective, the study aimed to transform the women and discursive representation styles given in the Turkish Cypriot legends into visual representation in addition to creating an absolute language through the use of homogenous indicators. The study discussed the woman described with the ‘passive’, ‘oppressed’, ‘victim’ and ‘sinful’ features, in brief her marginalisation with the patriarchal legend structure through the use of semiotics. For the visualisation of legends, regardless the positive or negative consequence of woman, the ‘torn paper - collage with its popular name - texture was used to create a common language and the emotions to be reflected were symbolised with various colours. The content references of colours were taken into account; for instance, purple was used in the images that woman was downtrodden and blue in the images with the dominant male hegemony. Since the themes covered generally referred to the ‘mother nature’, the woman figures were illustrated as naked delivering the woman in her purest, simplest and most natural self without the social status indicators symbolised by the clothes. The main scene and woman figures, mountain and sea motifs in the selected legends were re-fictionalised in the digital environment and finalised with the illustration. As the effectiveness of pictorial elements in teaching and facilitating to remember the legends, as a cultural element within the main scope of this study is known, the legends were illustrated through the digital collage method. Therefore, the contribution was aimed to be reflected on the permanence and popularity of legends as a cultural product and verbal asset with the benefits of visual and artistic language.

scholarly journals Outside Caste? The Enclosure of Caste and Claims to Castelessness in India and the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mosse
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Caste Discrimination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indian Nation ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scholarly Discourse

AbstractCaste has always generated political and scholarly controversy, but the forms that this takes today newly combine anti-caste activism with counter-claims that caste is irrelevant or non-existent, or claims to castelessness. Claims to castelessness are, in turn, viewed by some as a new disguise for caste power and privilege, while castlessness is also an aspiration for people subject to caste-based discrimination. This article looks at elite claims to “enclose” caste within religion, specifically Hinduism, and the Indian nation so as to restrict the field of social policy that caste applies to, to exempt caste-based discrimination from the law, and to limit the social politics of caste. It does so through a comparative analysis of two cases. The first is the exclusion of Christian and Muslim Dalits—members of castes subordinated as “untouchable”—from provisions and protections as Scheduled Castes in India. The other case is that of responses to the introduction of caste into anti-discrimination law in the UK. While Hindu organizations in the UK reject “caste” as a colonial and racist term and deploy postcolonial scholarship to deny caste discrimination, Dalit organizations, representing its potential victims, turn to scholarly discourse on caste, race, or human rights to support their cause. These are epistemological disputes about categories of description and how “the social” is made available for public debate, and especially for law. Such disputes engage with anthropology, whose analytical terms animate and change the social world that is their subject.

scholarly journals Welfare state: Convergence: Downward versus upward

2010 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Kosta Josifidis ◽  
Novica Supic
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to contribute, in the theoretical and empirical sense, to better understanding the challenges of the EU welfare regimes and how particular regimes react on them. Despite significant differences among the EU welfare regimes, it is real to expect that they will converge because of the common challenges confronting them. In this paper, using the model of sigma and beta convergence, we are trying to predict the possible direction of convergence in the sense that Europe will go toward to more or less generosity or in other words it will converge downward or upward. The downward convergence means the strengthen competition among existing welfare regimes, in order to maintain and/or attract capital, that could reduce the social spending generosity. On the other hand, the upward convergence above involves the strengthening of coordination among existing welfare regimes according to the values of solidarity and social justice, which characterise not only the most developed EU countries but also the supranational European social model. .

scholarly journals CHALLENGES IN ASSESSING PROCESS – MORAL AND PROFESSIONAL VALUES FROM ACQUISITION TO APPLICATION

10.26458/1723 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Daliana Tascovici ◽  
Robert Gabriel DRAGOMIR
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
University Courses ◽  
European Dimension ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
The Common ◽  
Educational Contents

The present paper aims at presenting the actual situation as concern the values the students are taught about during their university courses on one hand and the necessity of the labour market on the other hand. At first, we referred to the values within the European dimension of education, as they were established by the European Commission for every state. Here we made special reference to the plan of the educational contents, as it has to contain elements of proximity and coincidence. Secondly, we talked about the new paradigms met with the educational policies. Here we stress the importance not only of knowledge, but also of competences and values the students will achieve. In order to fulfil this task, the usage of the TIC and of the educational resources opened for every type of educational contexts should be intensified. Here we also mentioned the series of activities which help the learning of the common language for a European citizenship and the defining of the new educations, adapted to the dimension of education, the European Commission and the Council of Europe propose. The next treated aspect was to establish the defining of the problem mentioned at the beginning. Here we reach the following objectives: to describe the nature of the problem, to establish the scale of the problem, to identify the affected categories, to establish the causes of the problem, to argue the need for intervention, to estimate the risks and the uncertainty of the problem discussed and also to present the healing activities. In order to get real information, we used the following methods: questionnaires (were disseminated to two different categories of respondents: students who want to get a job on one hand and employers on the other hand) and observations. The activities supposed data collecting, processing, analyzing and interpretation. In the end we draw the conclusions.

Language, social nature of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Learning Language

Language is mostly used in a social setting. We use it to communicate with others. We depend on others when learning language, and we constantly borrow one another’s uses of expression. Language helps us perform various social functions, and many of its uses have become institutionalized. But none of these reflections settle the question of whether language is an essentially social phenomenon. To address this we must consider the nature of language itself, and then ask which social elements, if any, make an essential contribution to its nature. While many would accept that language is an activity that must take place in a social setting, others have gone further by arguing that language is a social practice. This view commits one to the claim that the meanings of an individual’s words are the meanings they have in the common language. The former view need not accept so strong a claim: meaning depends on social interaction because it is a matter of what one can communicate to others but this does not require the existence of communal languages. A competing conception which rejects the social character of language in either of these versions is the thesis that language is mentally represented in the mind of an individual.

“It’s not something I’ve really thought about ‘til now’”: The social aspects of U.S. emerging adults’ comics reading histories

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110542
Author(s):  
Robin A. Moeller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Common

The common image of a reader is that of a person alone with a book, but reading is actually a social activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which social aspects influenced a group of emerging adults’ comics reading when they were children and/or teens. Data was collected by surveying and conducting semi-structured interviews with 34 emerging adults in the Southeast region of the United States about their comics reading histories. The research findings describe who the participants felt had the most impact on their comics reading, as well as the extent to which the participants felt that they belonged to a community of comics readers. Significantly, the participants’ notion of comics readers as “nerds” emerged from the data, which the participants largely connected to gender, and which participant Lauren noted, “It’s not something I’ve really thought about ‘til now.’” The implications of these findings suggest that some of these participants felt that there was a social cost to comics reading. Suggestions for making comics reading more accessible for more readers are discussed.

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