scholarly journals Pediatric Head Injury Caused by Off-Road Vehicle Accidents

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Cardoso ◽  
Alexander Pyper
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Pediatric Head Injury ◽  
Head Injured

ABSTRACT:Morbidity and mortality from pediatric head injuries associated with the use of off-road vehicles are increasing. We reviewed all such injuries admitted to acute care hospitals in the two largest urban centers in Manitoba between April 1979 and August 1986. Of 375 injured children, 83 suffered head injury, 70 boys and 13 girls. Ages ranged from 2 to 15 years, with a mean of 10.4 years. Head injury was defined as any injury involving face, scalp or nervous system. Dirtbikes were implicated in 34 accidents, snowmobiles in 28, 3-wheel ATV's in 19, and 4-wheel ATV's in 2. About 85% of accidents occurred in a rural setting. Loss of vehicle control was the most common cause of injury. Alcohol or drug abuse were not factors. Fifty (60.2%) patients suffered loss of consciousness, prolonged in 6 (7.2%). All head-injured children also suffered at least one associated injury, mainly involving the musculoskeletal system. Associated spinal injury occurred in 18%. The average hospital stay was 13 days. Three (3.6%) patients died as a result of head injury.

Strategies for Helping Head-Injured Children Successfully Return to School

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta DePompei ◽  
Jean Blosser
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Return To School ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Head Injured

Each year approximately 75,000 individuals sustain a closed head injury (CHI). The head injuries may be the result of motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, or abuse. It is estimated that as many as 18,000 of those injured are children. Often, head-injured children return to the educational setting following physical recuperation. The communication, physical, cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral changes which have resulted from the head injury may interfere with successful re-entry into school. This article will present information that may be helpful in implementing the CHI student's successful return to school. Specific topics to be discussed include: types of deficits in CHI students, initiating the return to the educational setting, reasons for involvement of the speech-language pathologist in the re-entry process, suggestions for establishing effective networks between the rehabilitation setting (hospital/clinic) and the educational setting; and, specific recommendations for implementing the return.

Head Trauma in Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Brahm Goldstein ◽  
Karen S. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Pediatric Head Injury

Head injury, either alone or in association with multiple other injuries, is extremely common. The initial assessment and management of children who have a head injury is an important topic for all pediatricians. Epidemiology Table 1 lists definitions of minor, moderate, and severe head injuries as determined by the initial neurologic presentation. The most common method to assess a child's neurologic status initially is to assign a score based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The GCS is determined by eye opening and best verbal and motor responses (Tables 2 and 3). Mild-to-moderate head injuries are far more common than severe injuries in the pediatric population. More than 90% of children requiring admission to a hospital following head injury have a GCS score of 13 to 15; severe head injury (GCS≤ 8) accounts for approximately 5% of admissions. Motor vehicle accidents, bicycle accidents, falls, sporting accidents, assaults, and child abuse are the most common causes of pediatric head injury. Despite a significant reduction in the number of pediatric fatalities due to implementation of the 55 mile/hour speed limit, motor vehicle accidents still result in a large number of hospital admissions and deaths each year. Many of these accidents are associated with drug or alcohol abuse.

Traumatic Head Injury: Implications for Rehabilitation Counseling

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Torkelson Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Traumatic Head

Traumatic head injury is a topic of growing concern for rehabilitation professionals. Between 30,000 and 50,000 individuals each year are left with disabilities severe enough to preclude a return to normal life following traumatic head injury. Approximately one-half of the head injuries are caused by motor vehicle accidents, the incidence among males is almost twice that among females, and males fifteen to twenty-four years of age incur more head injuries than any other age group. Brain damage following traumatic injury is typically diffuse. Therefore, a unique set of temporary or permanent limitations may be evident, encompassing physical, cognitive-intellectual, and/or personality-emotional functioning. Flexibility in rehabilitation planning is of key importance in considering the complexity of potential limitations and their changeable nature. Professional awareness and training, specialized services and programs, advocacy for program eligibility in established agencies and programs, and individualized assessment and counseling are part of the exciting rehabilitation challenge in returning the head injured to productive lives.

Golf Related Head Injuries in Children: The Little Tigers

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 139-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. McGuffie ◽  
M.O. Fitzpatrick ◽  
D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department ◽  
Injured Patients

Head injury is a major cause of morbidity in Western society and sport related incidents account for approximately 11% of all head injured patients attending Accident and Emergency Departments. 1 Golf was shown to be one of the sports most commonly associated with head injury requiring referral to a regional neurosurgical centre.2 Previous studies have demonstrated that it is predominantly children who sustain golf related head injuries which present either to an accident and emergency department3 or a regional neurosurgical centre.2 This study examines the number and pattern of golf related head injuries in children presenting to an accident and emergency department or requiring admission to the regional neurosurgical centre, over a three month period.

Controlled lumbar drainage in pediatric head injury

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Levy ◽  
Harold L. Rekate ◽  
W. Bruce Cherny ◽  
Kim Manwaring ◽  
S. David Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Barbiturate Coma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lumbar Drainage ◽  
Pediatric Head Injury ◽  
Lumbar Drain

✓ A retrospective study of external lumbar subarachnoid drainage in 16 pediatric patients with severe head injuries is presented. All patients had Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 8 or lower at 6 hours postinjury and were initially treated with ventriculostomy. Five patients required surgical evacuation of focal mass lesions. All patients manifested high intracranial pressures (ICPs) refractory to aggressive therapy, including hyperventilation, furosemide, mannitol, and in some cases, artificially induced barbiturate coma. After lumbar drainage was instituted, 14 patients had an abrupt and lasting decrease in ICP, obviating the need for continued medical management of ICP. In no patient did transtentorial or cerebellar herniation occur as a result of lumbar drainage. It was also noted retrospectively that the patients in this study had discernible basilar cisterns on computerized tomography scans. Fourteen patients survived; eight made good recoveries, three are functional with disability, and three have severe disabilities. Two patients died, most likely from uncontrolled ICP before the lumbar drain was placed. It is concluded that controlled external lumbar subarachnoid drainage is a useful treatment for pediatric patients with severe head injury when aggressive medical therapy and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid evacuation have failed to control high ICP. Selected patients with elevated ICP, which may be a function of posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid circulation disruption and/or white matter cerebral edema, can be treated with this modality, which accesses the cisternal spaces untapped by ventriculostomy.

Head Injury in Very Young Children: Mechanisms, Injury Types, and Ophthalmologic Findings in 100 Hospitalized Patients Younger Than 2 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Duhaime ◽  
A. J. Alario ◽  
W. J. Lewander ◽  
L. Schut ◽  
L. N. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Retinal Hemorrhages ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Injured Patients

Head injury in the youngest age group is distinct from that occurring in older children or adults because of differences in mechanisms, injury thresholds, and the frequency with which the question of child abuse is encountered. To analyze some of these characteristics in very young children, the authors prospectively studied 100 consecutively admitted head-injured patients 24 months of age or younger who were drawn from three institutions. Mechanism of injury, injury type, and associated injuries were recorded. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination to document the presence of retinal hemorrhages. An algorithm incorporating injury type, best history, and associated findings was used to classify each injury as inflicted or accidental. The results confirmed that most head injuries in children younger than 2 years of age occurred from falls, and while different fall heights were associated with different injury types, most household falls were neurologically benign. Using strict criteria, 24% of injuries were presumed inflicted, and an additional 32% were suspicious for abuse, neglect, or social or family problems. Intradural hemorrhage was much more likely to occur from motor vehicle accidents and inflicted injury than from any other mechanism, with the latter being the most common cause of mortality. Retinal hemorrhages were seen in serious accidental head injury but were most commonly encountered in inflicted injury. The presence of more serious injuries associated with particular mechanisms may be related to a predominance of rotational rather than translational forces acting on the head.

Risk of pediatric head injury after motor vehicle accidents

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Muszynski ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
Thomas A. Gennarelli
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Pediatric Head Injury

scholarly journals Psychological and neuropsychological correlates of postconcussional disorder

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Helena Wymer B.S.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Closed Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Risk Takers

Each year approximately 2 million people in the United States suffer closed head injuries (CHI); approximately 500,000 are severe enough to require hospitalization (Brown, Fann & Grant, 1994). Other researchers have estimated the incidence of CHI in the United States at over 9 million (Miller & Berenguer-Gil, 1994). CHI account for about 10% of all emergency room visits (Sherer, Madison & Hannay, 2000). This number has recently decreased, possibly due to decreased hospitalization of individuals with mild brain injuries. According to the National Head Injury and Spinal Injury Survey of 1980, the typical male is four times more likely to experience a head injury than a female (Kalsbeek, McLaughlin, Harris & Miller, 1980). Men are believed to sustain more head injuries because they have been found to be greater risk-takers, more likely to be engaged in potentially dangerous work, more impulsive, and more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs. Alcohol is reported to be involved in 30% of head injuries suffered by males and 10% of those suffered by females (Bennett, 1987).

scholarly journals “Locked up inside home” – Head injury patterns during coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Nishant Goyal ◽  
Srikant Kumar Swain ◽  
Kanav Gupta ◽  
Jitender Chaturvedi ◽  
Rajnish Kumar Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Radiological Diagnosis ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Background: As citizens have been forced to stay home during coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the crisis created unique trends in the neurotrauma patterns with changes in mode, severity, and outcome of head injured patients. Methods: Details of neurotrauma admissions under the neurosurgery department at our institute since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in the country were collected retrospectively and compared to the same period last year in terms of demographic profile, mode of injury, GCS at admission, severity of head injury, radiological diagnosis, management (surgical/conservative), and outcome. The patients were studied according to which phase of pandemic they were admitted in – “lockdown” period (March 25 to May 31, 2020) or “unlock” period (June 1 to September 15, 2020). Results: The number of head injuries decreased by 16.8% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, during the lockdown period, the number of admissions was 2.7/week while it was 6.8/week during the “unlock” period. RTA was the mode of injury in 29.6% patients during the lockdown, while during the unlock period, it was 56.9% (P = 0.000). Mild and moderate head injuries decreased by 41% and severe head injuries increased by 156.25% during the COVID-19 pandemic (P = 0.000). The mortality among neurotrauma patients increased from 12.4% to 22.5% during the COVID-19 era (P = 0.009). Conclusion: We observed a decline in the number of head injury admissions during the pandemic, especially during the lockdown. At the same time, there was increase in the severity of head injuries and associated injuries, resulting in significantly higher mortality in our patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Pediatric Head Injury Resulting From All-Terrain Vehicle Accidents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-935
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. KRIEL ◽  
MARIAN SHEEHAN ◽  
LINDA E. KRACH ◽  
HELENA D. KRIEL ◽  
THOMAS F. ROLEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Pediatric Head Injury

In our experience, accidents involving all-terrain vehicles are an increasingly frequent cause of brain injury in children. The risk associated with operation of these vehicles is not fully appreciated and should be better publicized. We believe that it is possible to delineate several steps that could significantly reduce the risk to the pediatric population without curtailing the recreation altogether. Although construction design has promised to produce safer vehicles, our experience has shown that extreme injury is still possible with the newer fourwheel machine.

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