Numerical Simulation of Ultra-Shallow Buried Large-Span Double-Arch Tunnel Excavated under an Expressway

The temporal and spatial effects of a complicated excavation process are vital for an ultra-shallow buried large-span double-arch tunnel excavated under an expressway in service. Numerical simulations are urgent and necessary to understand the effect of the total construction process. Taking Xiamen Haicang tunnel as a research object, the total excavation process of three pilot tunnels and the three-bench reserved core soil method of an ultra-shallow buried large-span double-arch tunnel with a fault fracture zone under an expressway was simulated using software FLAC3D. The deformation of the surface, surrounding rock, underground pipelines, tunnel support structure and partition wall of the three pilot tunnels and the main tunnel was analyzed, and the dangerous areas and time nodes were obtained. When the tunnel was excavated to the fault fracture zone, the deformation of the surface and surrounding rock increased significantly. The rock and soil within 20 m behind the excavation surface of the pilot tunnel were greatly disturbed by the excavation. During the excavation of the main tunnel, the horizontal displacement of the middle partition wall moved slightly towards the main tunnel excavated first. The research results can provide a reference for the construction design of double-arch tunnels.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORK OF A TECHNICAL CUSTOMER AT THE STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF A CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION OBJECT

The digital development of construction is an important task, the achievement of which will lead to a more comfortable life for citizens, to an increase in the manufacturability of the construction business and more efficient management of urban planning activities by state bodies. The relevance of the introduction of digital technologies in construction is determined by a set of tasks that are set taking into account the development of the entire digital economy of the country. Currently, the government of the country has organized full-scale activities to achieve digital maturity of economic sectors. This article analyzes the digital transformation of the construction industry, examines state goals and tools to achieve them in the field of digitalization of construction. Problems of innovative development of the construction industry require the integrated implementation of digital technologies in solving various problems in the production of building materials, construction design and construction production itself. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the digital transformation of the technical customer's work at the stages of the life cycle of a capital construction object - pre-design, design, construction stage, overhaul, reconstruction, demolition, as well as separately the stage of restoration of a cultural heritage object. When analyzing the activities of a technical customer in the context of the digital transformation of the country's construction industry, at each stage of the life cycle of a capital construction object, the procedures and necessary services that have passed into electronic form are considered in relation to the conditions of the city of Moscow, and important tasks that require the fastest digitalization are highlighted.

DETECTION OF MECHANICAL STRESS LIMITING EFFECTS OF CRANE STRUCTURE DEFORMATION

The paper presents a construction design and results of laboratory tests of so-called mechanical stress detectors, which can be used to detect the deformation of the steel structure of a crane and to amplify the mechanical signal from the effect of the so-called crane skewing, which is included among occasional loads acting on the crane. The values of the relative elongation of the detectors corresponding to the magnitude of the instantaneous tensile force were obtained by conducting experimental mechanical tests. Detectors of a known extent of deformation were installed on a two-girder overhead crane bridge, where they measured axial forces generated during the controlled deformation of the crane bridge. In practice, the instantaneous values of the axial forces recorded by the individual detectors make it possible to regulate the speed of the crane drive wheels and thus eliminate, in a relatively short time, the undesirable effects of deforming the crane bridge and friction of the crane wheels on the sides of the rail heads.

Sustainable Construction: Improving Productivity through Lean Construction

The objective of this article is to improve building productivity, evolving from traditional construction to industrial construction. The methodology used here consists of analysing the use of materials, the construction design, the design of the spatial distribution programme, the use of auxiliary means and resources and the application of lean tools in construction. The results achieved here include a complete building system that integrates the design, project and execution, wherein the construction process is improved and inconsistencies in the final project are reduced. With the application of an industrial manufacturing methodology, the productivity in construction is improved, reducing costs, materials, execution times and waste. These productivity improvements result in construction being more sustainable. As a conclusion of the previous analysis, the elements that must be integrated into a complete building project and the need to incorporate industrial manufacturing into construction processes in order to achieve sustainable architecture are established.

Analysis of Ultimate Bearing Capacity and Parameters of Steel Support Cutting Pipe Roofing Structure

A new pipe-roof construction method, the steel support cutting pipe method (SSCP), was proposed to improve the construction security and accuracy of pipe jacking as well as underground space usage. The pipe-roof method is one of the underground excavation methods which push multiple steel pipes into the soil, then connect the steel pipes horizontally to form a whole. The proposed structure’s failure mode and force characteristics were determined through theoretical analysis, and then its ultimate bearing capacity and influencing parameters were analyzed through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. The research results show that the structure’s bearing capacity depends on the steel pipe’s buckling load; the structure’s failure mode is a result of the steel pipe’s buckling. The ultimate bearing capacity of the pipe-roof structure first increases and then decreases with the increase of the steel pipe chord height ratio. The ultimate bearing capacity reaches the maximum when the ratio is 0.33. In addition, the structure’s ultimate bearing capacity is positively related to the steel pipe wall thickness and the pipe section’s length. This can be obtained from the relationship curve showing that the steel pipe wall thickness should be selected according to the engineering requirements and that the pipe section’s length is preferably 2.3 times the diameter of the steel pipe in the construction design.

Building Virtual Scene Construction and Environmental Impact Analysis Based on Image Processing

With the rapid development of computer technology, the virtual scene construction technology of image processing has gradually become a hotspot in computer research. The application of virtual scene construction technology in the construction industry is also expanding, with the intelligentization of architectural design and construction. With the rapid development of the industry, virtual technology can better provide users with diversified services and experiences. The main content of the article is as follows: (1) The article introduces image construction technology and analyzes the three-dimensional presentation of virtual technology in construction design and the diversified application of virtual technology in construction design. (2) The article introduces two virtual scene construction techniques: one is to combine the real scene obtained by taking pictures with the virtual scene by image technology processing to construct a natural virtual scene; the other is the use of geometric construction by architects. The virtual building model is drawn by the model method, and the virtual building model is thus obtained. (3) The article chooses two representative buildings as cases. The virtual platform monitors and records the movement trajectory of volunteers in the virtual environment in real time. The experimental results show that the number and shape characteristics of the escalators in the building all have a little impact on volunteers’ awareness. (4) The article sets up three control groups of normal mode, fixed skin, and variable skin. It analyzes the environmental impact of buildings from three different aspects of wind environment, thermal environment, and light environment and proposes related control measures.

HOW CAN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING SUPPORT THE INCREASED RECYCLING OF LUMINAIRES AND LIGHT SOURCES

Reducing waste from luminaire and light source products has become a core priority for practice and research. This has to do with luminaires frequently ending up in landfills and that scarce rare earth elements are seldomly recovered. This paper explores how the use of modern information systems, like Building Information Modelling (BIM), in conjunction with databases, can contribute to increasing the recycling rates of light sources and luminaires. Although there is a wealth of studies on BIM and life-cycle assessments (LCA), there is a scarcity of studies exploring the interface of BIM, LCA and lighting. Based on a review of the literature and interviews with subject matter experts, this paper contributes an early understanding how relevant environmental data about luminaires can be systematically stored and transmitted throughout the life cycle of a project. Findings indicate that the latest generation of BIM classification structures allows for manufacturers and material suppliers to make their product data readily available for construction design teams. Making this data available in a structured digital way, allows for informed environmental decision-making throughout the life cycle of a building project aiding recycling rates and material recovery.

Use of BIM Technology in Construction Design Phase

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital information technology used to transmit information involving architecture, engineering, and construction as a set of interactions in the construction industry. When BIM technology is used as a management system in communication, the delivery of information is more accurate, clear, and detailed. However, problems occur when the construction industry lacks cost in the acquisition of such technology, in addition lack of knowledge and skills to use BIM technology process in project management. Therefore, this study identifies the factors use of BIM technology, the level of absorption, and the measures to increase the users of BIM technology in construction design phase. The method used in the data collection process is the questionnaire method. The population involved in this study includes architects and engineers, with a total of 80 distinguished populations. However, only 55 sets of questionnaire forms were recovered. The respondents involved in this study were architects and engineers. The result of the data analysis obtained shows that knowledge and skills need to be improved in the process of operating BIM technology. However, small-scale organisations cannot afford to own this technology because of the high cost and the need to undergo training in managing the technology. In an effort to coordinate the policy on the use of BIM technology, CIDB provides a centre as a reference for all parties involved in the industry to know the true concept of BIM technology and to undergo courses offered related to the use of BIM technology. These findings benefit those involved in achieving a more systematic use of BIM technology in organisational management involving the construction design phase.

Business Model Construction from Dynamic Capabilities Perspective

The construction of the business model is to shape the structure of various activities in the plate according to the task attributes and task objectives of each section in the business model. The Dynamic Capabilities of the enterprise determine the result of the construction of the business model, and its strength also affects the adaptation and operation of the business model institutions to the new business model. Enterprises with strong Dynamic Capabilities have a good execution ability in the business model architecture, and can also quickly adapt to the structural framework of changing their business model, and improve the feasibility of the actual operation of the business model. This paper will be in the framework of the Dynamic Capabilities theory, the construction of business model, through the case from model construction, design innovation to the coordinated operation of the new model, concluded that the two have a strong interaction, including the enterprise higher-order Dynamic Capabilities has a strong positive influence on the choice of business model, construction and application.

Business Model Construction from Dynamic Capabilities Perspective

The construction of the business model is to shape the structure of various activities in the plate according to the task attributes and task objectives of each section in the business model. The Dynamic Capabilities of the enterprise determine the result of the construction of the business model, and its strength also affects the adaptation and operation of the business model institutions to the new business model. Enterprises with strong Dynamic Capabilities have a good execution ability in the business model architecture, and can also quickly adapt to the structural framework of changing their business model, and improve the feasibility of the actual operation of the business model. This paper will be in the framework of the Dynamic Capabilities theory, the construction of business model, through the case from model construction, design innovation to the coordinated operation of the new model, concluded that the two have a strong interaction, including the enterprise higher-order Dynamic Capabilities has a strong positive influence on the choice of business model, construction and application.