1. Experiments on the Colorific Properties of Lichens

1872 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
W. Lauder Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Present Series ◽  
Botanical Society ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Positive Results

The author's paper consists mainly of a Table exhibiting certain of the positive results of many hundred experiments on the colouring matters contained in or educible from Lichens. The experiments in question are partly a repetition, and partly an extension on a more systematic and complete scale, of a series of researches made by the author between 1852 and 1855, the results of which were originally submitted to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. The present series of experiments includes the whole family of the Lichens. The Table represents mainly the effects of chemical reagents on solutions of the lichen colouring-matters, or colorific principles, in boiling alcohol or water. The nomenclature of the Colour-reactions is that of Werner and Syme.

X-ray microanalysis of thin specimens in the transmission electron microscope at voltages up to 1000 Kv.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. Cliff ◽  
M.J. Nasir ◽  
G.W. Lorimer ◽  
N. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Constant Independent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Image Position ◽  
X Ray Absorption

In a specimen which is transmission thin to 100 kV electrons - a sample in which X-ray absorption is so insignificant that it can be neglected and where fluorescence effects can generally be ignored (1,2) - a ratio of characteristic X-ray intensities, I1/I2 can be converted into a weight fraction ratio, C1/C2, using the equationwhere k12 is, at a given voltage, a constant independent of composition or thickness, k12 values can be determined experimentally from thin standards (3) or calculated (4,6). Both experimental and calculated k12 values have been obtained for K(11<Z>19),kα(Z>19) and some Lα radiation (3,6) at 100 kV. The object of the present series of experiments was to experimentally determine k12 values at voltages between 200 and 1000 kV and to compare these with calculated values.The experiments were carried out on an AEI-EM7 HVEM fitted with an energy dispersive X-ray detector.

scholarly journals THE MECHANISM OF CHANGE IN RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES TO HYPOTONIC SALT SOLUTIONS

1925 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Great Uncertainty ◽  
Hypotonic Hemolysis ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Ashby's work on the effects of KCl and NaCl on the resistance to hypotonic hemolysis of K•-rich and K•-poor erythrocytes has been repeated with great attention to purity of materials and refinement of technique. The results fail to agree with those of Ashby. 1. KCl produces greater loss in resistance to hypotonic hemolysis than does NaCl, irrespective of the species of the animal from which the cells are taken. 2. While cases of an increase in resistance have been encountered in my experiments, they are either very slight, or else the particular determination is subject to very great uncertainty. The great increases in resistance found by Ashby are not even approached in any of the present series of experiments. 3. Ashby's generalization that KCl and NaCl have opposite effects on red blood cells, and that the sense of these effects depends on whether the cell is K•-rich or K•-poor is not substantiated.

IV.—On the Illuminating Power of Groups of Pin-hole Burners

1910 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
R. G. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Present Series ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Cross

The object of the present series of experiments is to find the variation of the illuminating power of symmetrical groups of pin-hole burners with the distance of adjacent burners.The burners were fitted so as to slide on a frame composed of two pieces of a metre-rod fastened together to form a cross, as shown in figs. 1 and 2. The stems of the burners were circular in section and cylindrical in bore, the external and internal diameters being 8 mm. and less than 1 mm. respectively. Their bases were bevelled in such a manner that the burners could be fixed so close as to touch each other; thus their centres could be placed at any distance from the centre of the cross from 4 mm. to 10 cm. The standard of illumination with which they were compared was a similar pin-hole burner.

IN VITRO EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTED IODOPHENOLS ON CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1779-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D'Iorio ◽  
C. Mavrides
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Reversible Inhibition ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The kinetic study of a new inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase, 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DIHBA), previously reported by the authors (1), shows it to act in a competitive fashion. Instead of the crude enzyme preparation of the early experiments, a partially purified enzyme has been used throughout the present series of experiments and new substances have been tested with respect to their inhibiting effects. Thus, O-methyl-DIHBA is found to be inactive, while 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (DISA) inhibits competitively and 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxypyridine (DIHP) noncompetitively as indicated by the Lineweaver and Burk plots.3,5-Diiodo-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (DIHPA) produces a progressive and partly reversible inhibition, while 3,5-diiodotyrosine (DIT) has no effect on the activity of the enzyme. m-Fluorotyrosine, o-fluorophenol, and o-iodophenol are similarly inactive.

Effect of Surface Roughness on Cavitation Performance of Hydrofoils—Report 3

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Numachi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Cavitation Performance ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effect Of Surface

As a sequel to the first and second reports of the present series of experiments intended to gain knowledge on the effect of surface roughness on hydromechanical characteristics, particularly cavitation performance, the author has this time taken up the case of striations in the direction parallel to the chord, to determine their effect on cavitation efficiency and profile performance in general, for comparison with that of spanwise striations which were the subject of the preceding two reports.

scholarly journals Experimenting with Contact Strategies in Business Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred D. Tuttle ◽  
Jennifer L. Beck ◽  
Diane K. Willimack ◽  
Kevin P. Tolliver ◽  
Aryn Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Annual Business ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Business Survey ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The U.S. Census Bureau conducted a series of experiments to evaluate alternative contact strategies. We hoped to identify effective mail strategies that increase timeliness of response and reduce the number of cases receiving more-costly follow-ups. These experiments were incorporated into the collection of several annual business surveys and one quarterly survey. This article summarizes results from five experiments whose designs are based on business survey decision-making and response processes. We obtained clear, positive results from tests involving manipulation of mail sequences, but only modest results from tests in which we varied messages and envelope appearance, whose effects were seen only in specific industry subgroups.

scholarly journals Two Heads Are Better Than One, but How Much?

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Vadillo ◽  
Nerea Ortega-Castro ◽  
Itxaso Barberia ◽  
A. G. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Causal Learning ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Integration Rule ◽  
Causal Induction ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Integration Rules

Many theories of causal learning and causal induction differ in their assumptions about how people combine the causal impact of several causes presented in compound. Some theories propose that when several causes are present, their joint causal impact is equal to the linear sum of the individual impact of each cause. However, some recent theories propose that the causal impact of several causes needs to be combined by means of a noisy-OR integration rule. In other words, the probability of the effect given several causes would be equal to the sum of the probability of the effect given each cause in isolation minus the overlap between those probabilities. In the present series of experiments, participants were given information about the causal impact of several causes and then they were asked what compounds of those causes they would prefer to use if they wanted to produce the effect. The results of these experiments suggest that participants actually use a variety of strategies, including not only the linear and the noisy-OR integration rules, but also averaging the impact of several causes.

To “See” or Not to “See”: That is the Selection Task

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Griggs
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Semantic Ambiguity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Abstract Version ◽  
Pragmatic Reasoning ◽  
Analytic Processing ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The present series of experiments examined a recent hypothesis by Margolis (1987) to explain the poor performance usually obtained on Wason's four-card selection task. According to Margolis, the difficulty stems mainly from scenario ambiguity in which the context is misperceived, and partially from semantic ambiguity in which the meaning of the if … then rule is misinterpreted. Reliable facilitation on an abstract version of the task was observed when these two ambiguities were eliminated. In order to observe the facilitation, however, the consequent part of the rule had to be phrased to prevent matching. These findings are discussed in terms of Evans's heuristic and analytic processing model of reasoning and Cheng and Holyoak's pragmatic reasoning schemas theory.

304. The gas-packing and storage of milk powder

1943 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lea ◽  
T. Moran ◽  
J. A. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Made In

The following summary of the effect of increasing quantities of oxygen in producing ‘off’ flavour in gas-packed full-cream milk powder during storage for long periods has been based on observations made in the present series of experiments, supplemented to some extent by results from later work on the gas storage of spray-dried powder which is not here reported in detail.(a) Full-cream powders stored in the presence of up to 0.01 ml. of oxygen per g. of powder kept very well at both normal and high temperatures. This figure corresponds to 1 % of oxygen (after completion of desorption) in the free-space gas of a can of spraydried powder packed to a bulk density of 0.55 g./ml., or to 0.5 % of oxygen in a can of roller powder packed to a bulk density of 0.35 g./ml. Tallowiness was never definitely detected under such conditions, and there seems to be little or no advantage to be gained, at least so far as palatability is concerned, by improving on this figure. An atmosphere containing not more than 0.01 ml. of oxygen per g. of powder can therefore be considered an ideal pack for milk powder.

Associative Priming: Fact or Artifact

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Associative Priming ◽  
Correct Word ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments on the remembering of a list of words, Schwartz and Rouse demonstrated what they call “associative priming.” By using a special multiple-choice recognition form on which the correct word was mixed with four of its associates they showed that, when Ss make errors, they are more likely to pick stronger associates. They attribute this to unconscious priming of associates. The present series of six experiments suggests that “priming” is an artifact of the multiple-choice form, that Ss grasp the rule by which the incorrect words were selected and apply it when they have forgotten a word.

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