Sequential Herbicide Treatments for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were sequentially applied to common bermudagrass over a two-year period to determine the lowest herbicide rates required to maintain acceptable large crabgrass and goosegrass control. Large crabgrass control was consistently higher in late August when MSMA at 2.2 kg ha−1was applied to plots previously treated with dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha−1(99%) in 1991, and either pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ha−1(95%) or oxadiazon at 1.1 kg ha−1(94%) in 1992 than when either herbicide was applied alone (≤ 79%). Goosegrass control was also higher in late August when MSMA plus metribuzin at 2.0 + 0.14 kg ha−1was applied to plots treated with pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha−1(71%) in 1991, with oxadiazon at ≤ 2.2 kg ha−1(≤ 89%) in 1992, and with dithiopyr at 0.4 kg ha−1(≤ 96%) both years than when the herbicides were applied alone. Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha−1applied alone as POST controlled ≥ 96% goosegrass throughout the two-year period.

Reduced Rates of Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Sequential applications of preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were applied over a two-year period for large crabgrass and goosegrass control in common bermudagrass. Large crabgrass control was better when prodiamine at 0.3 kg ai ha−1or oryzalin at 0.8 kg ai ha−1were applied in late February, and followed by MSMA at 1.1 kg ai ha−1in June than when prodiamine (0.8 kg ha−1) or oryzalin (2.4 kg ha−1) were applied at recommended rates. Goosegrass control was better when prodiamine was applied at 0.3 kg ha−1followed by MSMA plus metribuzin at 2.2 + 0.1 kg ai ha−1, or when oryzalin was applied at 1.7 kg ha−1followed by MSMA plus metribuzin at 1.1 + 0.1 kg ha−1than when prodiamine was applied at 0.8 kg ha−1or oryzalin was applied at 3.3 kg ha−1. There was no increase in goosegrass control when diclofop was applied in sequence after prodiamine or oryzalin compared to diclofop alone. POST applications of diclofop, MSMA, and MSMA plus metribuzin did not injure common bermudagrass more severely when applied to plots previously treated with prodiamine and oryzalin than with POST herbicides alone.

Tank-Mixed Postemergence Herbicides for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A two-year experiment was conducted to determine if tank-mixes of postemergence (POST) herbicides would consistently control large crabgrass and goosegrass in common bermudagrass turf compared to herbicide alone treatments. Tank-mixes of MSMA plus quinclorac at 2.2 + 0.6 kg/ha effectively controlled large crabgrass (≥ 81%) for 10 to 11 weeks during 1993 and 1994. The control from MSMA plus dithiopyr at 2.2 + 0.3 kg/ha was higher during this period than when each herbicide was applied alone at the same rate. There was no increase in large crabgrass control from tank-mixes of MSMA and diclofop applied in a single application, when compared with two applications of MSMA applied at 2.2 kg/ha. Goosegrass control at 9 wk after tank-mixed treatments of MSMA (2.2 kg/ha) and diclofop (≥ 0.3 kg/ha) in 1994 was lower (12 to 28%) than when diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha was applied alone (85%). Tank-mixes of MSMA with quinclorac or dithiopyr did not control goosegrass. In general, common bermudagrass injury was no higher from herbicide combinations than when each was applied alone. An exception occurred at 1 wk after treatment in 1993 when common bermudagrass injury was higher from tank-mixes of MSMA plus diclofop at 2.2 + 1.1 kg/ha, than when either herbicide was applied alone.

Reduced herbicide rates for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Five PRE herbicides were applied at below maximum registered use rates to the same bermudagrass turf plots for three consecutive years for large crabgrass and goosegrass control. In most instances, full labeled herbicide rates were needed for acceptable large crabgrass and goosegrass control during the 1st year of treatment. All herbicides controlled large crabgrass but not goosegrass during the 1st year. Weed management programs that utilized the lowest herbicide rates while maintaining ≥ 80% control during the 2nd and 3rd years varied with herbicides. The programs for large crabgrass were prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha−1the 1st year followed by 0.2 kg ha−1the 2nd and 3rd years; oryzalin at 2.2 kg ha−1the 1st year followed by 0.6 kg ha−1the 2nd and 3rd years; dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha−1the 1st year followed by 0.1 kg ha−1the 2nd and 3rd years; pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha−1the 1st year followed by 0.8 kg ha−1the 2nd and 3rd years; and oxadiazon at 3.4 kg hha−1the 1st year followed by 2.5 kg ha−1the 2nd year and 1.7 kg ha−1the 3rd year. The programs for goosegrass were prodiamine at 0.8 kg ha−1followed by 0.6 kg ha−1the 2nd and 0.4 kg ha−1the 3rd year; dithiopyr at 0.8 kg ha−1the 1st year followed by 0.4 kg ha−1the 2nd and 3rd years; pendimethalin at 3.4 kg ha−1the 1st year followed by 1.7 kg ha−1the 2nd year and 0.8 kg ha−1the 3rd year; and oxadiazon at 3.4 kg ha−1followed by 0.8 kg ha−1the 2nd and 3rd years. Because goosegrass control with oryzalin at reduced rates was unacceptable during the 1st and 2nd years, this herbicide should not be used in a reduced rate program. The quality of common bermudagrass was not affected by reduced herbicide rates.

Tank-Mixed Herbicides on Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Tank-mix combinations of PRE and POST herbicides were applied to control emerged large crabgrass and goosegrass in common bermudagrass turf. Large crabgrass control was better when MSMA at 2.2 kg ai ha-1was tank mixed with either pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ai ha-1(≤ 85%) or dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ai ha-1(≤ 94%), when compared with MSMA at 2.2 kg ai ha-1(≤ 50%) alone. When MSMA plus metribuzin at 2.2 + 0.14 kg ai ha-1was tank mixed with pendimethalin in 1992, large crabgrass control was better (≥ 96%) than when MSMA plus metribuzin was applied alone (≤ 73%). Quinclorac applied alone at 0.8 kg ai ha-1controlled ≥ 94% large crabgrass, but control with diclofop was 32%. There was no increase in control when either quinclorac or diclofop was tank mixed with any PRE herbicide. Methyl ester of diclofop applied alone at 1.1 kg ai ha-1provided 97% control of goosegrass at one location, but control was ≤ 62% at two other locations. Goosegrass control was better when diclofop at 1.1 kg ha-1was tank mixed with dithiopyr at 0.6 kg ha-1(≥ 77%) than when either diclofop (≤ 62%) or dithiopyr (≤ 50%) was applied alone. Goosegrass control was consistently better across years from combinations of dithiopyr plus diclofop at 0.6 + 1.1 kg ha-1(82%) than from combinations of MSMA plus metribuzin with dithiopyr (34%) or pendimethalin (53%). Common bermudagrass injury at Griffin-Spalding Golf Course in 1991 was higher at 1 wk after combination treatments of MSMA plus metribuzin with dithiopyr (46 to 54%) or pendimethalin (50%) than with MSMA plus metribuzin applied alone (26%). Injury from the combinations was higher from single MSMA plus metribuzin treatment for 4 wk. Similar results occurred at the Georgia Station in 1992 from combinations of dithiopyr with MSMA plus metribuzin.

Postemergence Control of Large Crabgrass and Goosegrass in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Single and repeated applications of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) with and without 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one], and methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-di-one] were evaluated for control of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.). Large crabgrass was controlled satisfactorily at Griffin in 1972 and 1973 with a single application of 1.7 kg/ha of MSMA, however, repeated applications were required for similar control at Griffin in 1974 and at Blairsville in 1973 and 1974. Repeated treatments at 0.6 kg/ha resulted in satisfactory large crabgrass control in only 2 of 3 years at Griffin and 1 of 3 experiments at Blairsville. The optimum time interval between the first and second MSMA treatments (average 1973 and 1974) was 12 days for the 1.1 kg/ha rate and anytime between 12 and 19 days for the 1.7 and 2.2 kg/ha rates. There was no advantage in large crabgrass control from treatments of methazole, metribuzin, or combinations of MSMA + 2,4-D when compared with MSMA. Single applications of 1.1 kg/ha of metribuzin or 2.2 kg/ha of methazole resulted in excellent goosegrass control without causing any permanent injury to common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Repeated treatments of 3.3 kg/ha of MSMA were required to obtain satisfactory goosegrass control.

Multiple Herbicide Treatments for Grassy Weed Control in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Two applications of benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], prosulfalin N-[[4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl]sulfonyl]-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine, and napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] provided full-season large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control in turfgrass. Benefin was applied at 3.3 kg/ha in March and 2.2 kg/ha in May while other herbicides were applied at 2.2 kg/ha in March and May. Satisfactory goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] control was obtained with a single March treatment with prosulfalin, but two applications of napropamide in March and May were required for similar control. None of the herbicide treatments severely injured common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] or Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis (L.) ‘Common’] in these studies. Prosulfalin at 6.6 kg/ha applied as single treatment or 3.3 kg/ha in each of two applications resulted in moderate injury to Kentucky bluegrass in 1 of 2 yr.

scholarly journals Frequency of Drive (Quinclorac) Treatments on Common Bermudagrass Tolerance and on Large Crabgrass Control

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract When a postemergence (POST) herbicide is used to control large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], the herbicide should maintain optimum weed control for 8 to 10 weeks without causing undesirable injury to the turfgrass. A field experiment was conducted during 1993 and 1994 to determine the lowest rate of Drive (quinclorac) needed to control large crabgrass without causing undesirable injury to bermudagrass turf. Drive (quinclorac) applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) initially in early May and repeated at the same rate at a 2-week interval, controlled 85% large crabgrass for 16 weeks in 1993 and 70% for 10 weeks in 1994. The control in 1994 was 96% for 17 weeks when the herbicide was applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) in each of three applications on May 2, May 29, and June 13. The maximum bermudagrass injury in 1993 from Drive (quinclorac) applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) in each of two applications at 2- to 4-week interval was ≤ 27% compared to ≥ 33% when ≥ 0.56 kg ai/ha (≥ 0.5 lb ai/A) was applied as a single application. Bermudagrass treated initially with Drive (quinclorac) at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) was injured higher in 1994 (≤ 35%) than in 1993 (≤ 14%). Bermudagrass injury was ≥ 40% when the second application was delayed until mid- to late June either year or when the herbicide was applied in three applications during May and June 1994.

Initial and Residual Herbicide Control of Crabgrass (Digitariaspp.) in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Callahan ◽  
J. R. Overton ◽  
W. L. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Large Crabgrass ◽  
Herbicide Control

Over 9 yr, bandane (polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers) at 67 kg/ha, bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] at 11 and 22 kg/ha, DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) at 22 kg/ha, and terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate) at 22 kg/ha applied preemergence controlled 94 to 100% of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSP] in a lawn of common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. # CYNDA]. Control from benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) at 5 kg/ha, DCPA at 11 kg/ha, simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 5 kg/ha, and terbutol at 11 kg/ha was 90 to 99%. Bandane and bensulide persisted in soil to control large crabgrass a year after treatment.

Frequency of Herbicide Treatments for Summer and Winter Weed Control in Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Wild Parsnip ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Four herbicides were applied in the spring and fall over a 3-yr period to Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis (L.) ‘Common′] in the Mountain Region and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common′] in the Piedmont Region of Georgia at different frequencies of treatments for summer and winter weed control. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] was controlled throughout the 3-yr period from spring treatments of bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] at 11.2 kg/ha and oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] at 4.5 kg/ha in the first year followed by 5.6 kg/ha for bensulide and 2.3 kg/ha for oxadiazon the following 2 yr. To control large crabgrass with benefin (N- butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) it was necessary to apply 3.4 kg/ha for 2 consecutive yr before rates could be reduced to 1.7 kg/ha. Oxadiazon was the only herbicide that controlled goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] completely. Control was excellent throughout the 3-yr period when oxadiazon was applied at full rate in the spring of the first year with no additional treatments during the following 2 yr. Optimum control of winter weeds was obtained throughout the 3-yr period when herbicides were applied at full rates for the spring and fall treatments the first year followed by one-half rates at similar dates the following 2 yr. Bensulide treatments increased cover of corn speedwell (Veronica arvensis L.) and hop clover (Trifolium agrarium L.); DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) and benefin increased spur weed (Soliva spp.) and wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.); and oxadiazon increased wild parsnip and thymeleaf sandwort (Arenaria serpyllifolia L.).

Influence of Herbicide Rotation Treatments on Species Composition of Weeds in Turfgrass

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Large Crabgrass

DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide], and oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] were applied to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Common′] as consecutive repeated annual treatments or in all possible sequence combinations for 3 yr to determine the effects on species composition of winter and summer annual weeds. Regardless of the rotation of treatments on winter weeds, oxadiazon increased the cover of common chickweed [Stellaria media(L.) Cyrillo], spur weed (Solivaspp.), and thymeleaf sandwort (Arenaria serpyllifoliaL.); bensulide increased the cover of corn speedwell (Veronica arvensisL.); and DCPA in most instances increased the cover of hop clover (Trifolium agrariumL.) and spur weed. When a herbicide controlled large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] or goosegrass (Eleusine indicaL. Gaertn.), the cover of weeds not controlled increased rapidly, with the exception of oxadiazon applied for 3 consecutive yr.

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