Influence of Herbicides and Timing of Application on Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate application timing of seven postemergence (POST) broadleaf herbicides alone and in mixtures for control of eclipta and pitted morningglory. Imazethapyr and 2,4-DB did not control eclipta while AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) at 0.07 kg/ha provided greater than 90% control in 2 of 3 yr. EPOST applications of bentazon, acifluorfen + bentazon, and pyridate controlled eclipta at least 92% all 3 yr. Lactofen applied EPOST at 0.28 kg/ha provided similar levels of eclipta control in 2 of 3 yr. Imazethapyr controlled pitted morningglory > 70% when applied EPOST. AC 263,222 controlled pitted morningglory a minimum of 83% when applied EPOST at 0.04 or 0.07 kg/ha. Pitted morningglory control was at least 85% with 2,4-DB applied alone or in a mixture with AC 263,222, acifluorfen, imazethapyr, lactofen, or pyridate. Effective weed control increased peanut yields up to 98% over the untreated check.

Postemergence AC 263,222 Systems for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
Gerald L. Wiley ◽  
F. Robert Walls
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field studies in 1990 and 1991 at six locations in Georgia and one location in North Carolina evaluated AC 263,222 for weed control, peanut tolerance, and yield. AC 263,222 applied early postemergence at 71 g ai ha−1controlled bristly starbur, coffee senna, common lambsquarters,Ipomoeaspecies, prickly sida, sicklepod, smallflower morningglory, and yellow nutsedge at least 91%. AC 263,222 controlled common cocklebur 77% and Florida beggarweed from 47 to 100%. Crop injury was 4% for AC 263,222 applied once and 12% or less from two applications. Mixtures of bentazon with AC 263,222 did not improve control compared to AC 263,222 alone. Imazethapyr did not improve control of AC 263,222 systems. In several locations, bentazon reduced control of Florida beggarweed with AC 263,222 when applied in a mixture compared to AC 263,222 alone. Weed control from the standard of paraquat plus bentazon applied early postemergence followed by paraquat, bentazon plus 2,4-DB applied POST did not provide the level or spectrum of weed control as AC 263,222 systems.

Rice (Oryza sativa) Weed Control with Soil Applications of Quinclorac

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe E. Street ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Dry Soil

Field studies were conducted from 1988 to 1990 on a Sharkey clay to evaluate residual weed control in rice with quinclorac applied PPI, PRE to dry soil, and PRE to moist soil. Quinclorac applied at 0.4 or 0.6 kg ai ha−1PPI or PRE to dry or moist soil controlled more than 80% of barnyardgrass, pitted morningglory, and hemp sesbania without rice injury. Quinclorac applied at 0.3 kg ha−1controlled these three weed species substantially but inconsistently. No rice injury was observed from any quinclorac treatment. Except for one of three years when irrigation was delayed for 7 d after PRE application to dry soil, application timing did not consistently affect weed control or rice yield.

Effect of Adjuvants on Weed Control and Soybean (Glycine max) Tolerance with AC 263,222

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments were established to observe the effects of adjuvants and time of application on weed control and ‘Terra-Vig 515’ soybean tolerance with POST applications of AC 263,222. A nonionic surfactant or a crop oil concentrate increased sicklepod control with AC 263,222 applied at either V2 or V6 soybean growth stages. Sicklepod control increased as AC 263,222 was increased from 35 to 70 g ai ha–1only when applied without an adjuvant. Late in the season, there was no difference in sicklepod control between V2 and V6 applications. Adjuvants and application timing within herbicide treatments had no effect on pitted morningglory control, and, though adjuvants increased common cocklebur control, all treatments controlled more than 85% of both species. AC 263,222 with adjuvants at all rates and timings injured and stunted soybean more 2 wk after treatment compared to AC 263,222 alone. AC 263,222 at 35 or 70 g ha–1with crop oil concentrate reduced yields more than AC 263,222, with either a surfactant or no adjuvant when applied to V2 soybeans.

Weed Control and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Encapsulated Acetochlor

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Luke M. Etheredge
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Tolerance Study ◽  
Peanut Production

ABSTRACT Field studies were conducted during 2011 and 2012 in the Texas peanut production regions to evaluate encapsulated acetochlor for weed control and cultivar response. Acetochlor alone applied preemergence (PRE) controlled horse purslane, Palmer amaranth, smellmelon, and Texas millet as well as flumioxazin or S-metolachlor. The addition of pendimethalin to either acetochlor, flumioxazin, or S-metolachlor did improve weed control in some instances. In another study comparing the three above mentioned herbicides alone or followed by lactofen postemergence (POST), the addition of lactofen to acetochlor, flumioxazin, or S-metolachlor improved control of smellmelon and Palmer amaranth in some instances but did not affect horse purslane control. In a tolerance study to evaluate potential differences in variety response to acetochlor at 1.26 (1X) and 2.52 kg ai/ha (2X) applied preplant incorporated (PPI), PRE, early postemergence (EPOST), or POST, peanut yield or grade was not affected by either rate of acetochlor or application timing.

Weed Management in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with AC 263,222

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Gerald R. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments conducted at four locations in Georgia and two locations in Florida during 1992 and 1993 evaluated AC 263,222 application rates and timings, systems, and mixtures for weed control, peanut injury, and yield. All rates of AC 263,222 applied early POST (EPOST) or POST controlledIpomoeamorningglories and smallflower morningglory at least 90%, and purple and yellow nutsedge at least 81%. Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control generally was highest when metolachlor was applied PPI followed by AC 263,222 applied EPOST at 71 g/ha, AC 263,222 at 27 or 36 g/ha plus bentazon plus paraquat applied POST, or with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Acifluorfen and acifluorfen plus bentazon reduced Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control at several locations when applied in mixture with AC 263,222. Common ragweed and hairy indigo control were 85 to 95% with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Highest peanut yields were obtained with treatments providing high levels of weed control.

Application Timing for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Dicamba Tank Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Optimal application timing for dicamba–acetamide tank mixes was examined in field studies conducted in Michigan and Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995. Dicamba was tank mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, or SAN 582H and applied at planting, 7 d after planting, and 14 d after planting. Additional dicamba plus alachlor tank mixes applied at all three timings were followed by nicosulfuron postemergence to determine the effects of noncontrolled grass weeds on corn yield. Delaying application of dicamba–acetamide tank mixes until 14 d after planting often resulted in lower and less consistent giant foxtail control compared with applications at planting or 7 d after planting. Corn grain yield was reduced at one site where giant foxtail control was lower when application was delayed until 14 d after planting. Common lambsquarters control was excellent with 7 or 14 d after planting applications. At one site, common lambsquarters control and corn yield was reduced by application at planting. Dicamba–alachlor tank mixes applied 7 d after planting provided similar weed control or corn yield, while at planting and 14 d after planting applications provided less consistent weed control or corn yield than a sequential alachlor plus dicamba treatment or an atrazine-based program.

Absorption, Translocation, and Phytotoxicity of Chlorimuron and 2,4-Db Mixtures in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) and Selected Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John A. Mcguire
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Better Than

Mixtures of chlorimuron and 2,4-DB were additive with respect to crop injury and were either additive or slightly antagonistic with respect to weed control in greenhouse experiments. Absorption and translocation of14C following application of14C-chlorimuron and14C-2,4-DB were not affected by the presence of the other unlabeled herbicide, except in Florida beggarweed and peanut where 2,4-DB affected distribution of14C-chlorimuron in the treated leaf. In field studies, maximum efficacy was obtained with mixtures of chlorimuron plus 2,4-DB applied 7 or 9 wk after planting. Florida beggarweed control was greatest with chlorimuron or chlorimuron mixtures while the addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron improved morningglory and sicklepod control. At 9 and 11 wk after planting, addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron controlled Florida beggarweed better than chlorimuron alone. Peanut yields were increased by the addition of 2,4-DB at later applications.

Response of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) to AC 263,222

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
F. Robert Walls
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate AC 263,222 applied postemergence (POST) alone and as a mixture with atrazine or bentazon for weed control in imidazolinone-resistant corn. Nicosulfuron alone and nicosulfuron plus atrazine were also evaluated. Herbicide treatments were applied following surface-banded applications of two insecticides, carbofuran or terbufos at planting. Crop sensitivity to POST herbicides, corn yield, and weed control was not affected by insecticide treatments. AC 263,222 at 36 and 72 g ai/ha controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass 88 and 99%, respectively, which was equivalent to nicosulfuron applied alone or with atrazine. AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled large crabgrass 99% and redroot pigweed 100%, and this level of control exceeded that obtained with nicosulfuron alone. AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled sicklepod and morningglory species 99 and 98%, respectively. Nicosulfuron alone or with atrazine controlled these two species less than AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha. Addition of bentazon or atrazine to AC 263,222 did not improve control of any species compared with the higher rate of AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha applied alone. Corn yield increased over the untreated control when POST herbicide(s) were applied, but there were no differences in yield among herbicide treatments.

Postemergence Weed Management Systems for Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
T. Vint Hicks ◽  
Tracy A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1987 to evaluate postemergence herbicide systems with preemergence systems to control Texas panicum, Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory in peanuts. Adding paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha to postemergence herbicide systems reduced fresh weight of Florida beggarweed 92% (18% increase over the same systems without paraquat), sicklepod 95% (21% increase), and pitted morningglory 95% (11% increase). Herbicide systems containing paraquat improved peanut yields by 230 kg/ha and net returns by $52/ha over herbicide systems not containing paraquat. Fluazifop-P and sethoxydim systems reduced Texas panicum fresh weight (at least 96%) more than a preemergence system (92% reduction) that used benefin applied preplant incorporated and alachlor plus naptalam and dinoseb applied at cracking (GC) or a postemergence system that used alachlor and naptalam plus dinoseb GC and paraquat applied early postemergence (86% reduction). Systems containing fluazifop-P provided greater yields (4190 kg/ha) and net returns ($383/ha) than systems containing sethoxydim (4010 kg/ha, $305/ha) when averaged across all rates of application.

Effect of AC 263,222, Imazethapyr, and Nicosulfuron on Weed Control and Imidazolinone-Tolerant Corn (Zea mays) Yield

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
Joseph H. Hatton ◽  
Michael G. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Commercial Field

Imidazolinone herbicides injure currently available commercial field corn cultivars; however, cultivars resistant to these herbicides have been developed. Sicklepod, Texas panicum, and annual morningglory control using AC 263,222 (36 and 72 g ai/ha), imazethapyr (36 and 72 g ai/ha), or nicosulfuron (35 g ai/ha) applied POST at 2,4, and 6 wk after planting were evaluated in imidazolinone-tolerant corn. Studies were conducted at Attapulgus and Plains, Georgia from 1992 through 1993. Nicosulfuron and AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled Texas panicum at least 87% when applied 2 wk after planting. Imazethapyr did not consistently control Texas panicum or sicklepod, regardless of application rate. AC 263,222 at both rates and nicosulfuron controlled sicklepod at least 86% when applied 2 wk after planting; however, later application or application under dry conditions generally resulted in reduced control. All herbicides controlled the entireleaf and pitted morningglory complex at least 84% when applied 2 wk after planting. Imidazolinone-tolerant corn was tolerant to all herbicides, regardless of rate and timing, and generally yielded greater when weeds were controlled early in the season.

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