The impact in the UK of the Central and Eastern European HIV epidemics

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. DELPECH ◽  
Z. YIN ◽  
J. ABERNETHY ◽  
C. HILL ◽  
L. LOGAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYDespite increasing migration, the impact of HIV epidemics from Central and Eastern Europe (C&EE) on the UK HIV epidemic remains small. C&EE-born adults comprised 1·2% of adults newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK between 2000 and 2007. Most C&EE-born women probably acquired their infection heterosexually in C&EE. In contrast, 59% of C&EE-born men reported sex with men, half of whom probably acquired their infection in the UK. Previously undiagnosed HIV prevalence in C&EE-born sexual-health-clinic attendees was low (2007, 0·5%) as was overall HIV prevalence in C&EE-born women giving birth in England (2007, <0·1%). The high proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) suggests under-reporting of this group in C&EE HIV statistics and/or migration of MSM to the UK. In addition to reducing HIV transmission in injecting drug users, preventative efforts aimed at C&EE-born MSM both within their country of origin and the UK are required.

scholarly journals Actual and undiagnosed HIV prevalence in a community sample of men who have sex with men in Auckland, New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter JW Saxton ◽  
Nigel P Dickson ◽  
Richard Griffiths ◽  
Anthony J Hughes ◽  
John Rowden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Post-Diagnosis Behavior Change on HIV Prevalence in Southern California Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya S. Khanna ◽  
Steven M. Goodreau ◽  
Pamina M. Gorbach ◽  
Eric Daar ◽  
Susan J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact

Reduction in Needle Sharing among Community Wide Samples of Injecting Drug Users

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Frischer ◽  
M Bloor ◽  
S Green ◽  
D Goldberg ◽  
R Covell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The City

Evidence of reduced levels of needle sharing among injecting drug users (IDUs) has largely been confined to IDUs attending needle exchanges or receiving treatment. In this paper we present the results of a serial cross-sectional study of needle sharing conducted in Glasgow using a multisite sampling strategy. Of the estimated 9400 IDUs in the city, 503 were interviewed in 1990 and 535 in 1991. The proportion of IDUs reporting injecting with, or passing on used needles and syringes in the last 6 months fell significantly as did the number of individuals from whom equipment was received or passed on to. The impact of this level of sharing has been limited in terms of HIV transmission; the prevalence of HIV among the 1990 sample was 2.0% and 1.1% for the 1991 sample. However, the fact that a third of IDUs in Glasgow continue to inject, even occasionally, with used equipment gives cause for concern in view of the other pathologies known to be associated with poor injecting hygiene.

Introduction of screening guidelines for men who have sex with men at an STD clinic, the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole A. Lister ◽  
Anthony Smith ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Chlamydia Screening ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Computer Reminder ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Background: A recent audit indicated that a substantial proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) were not screened for rectal gonorrhoea and chlamydia at the Melbourne Sexual Health Clinic, Melbourne, Australia. In response, screening guidelines for MSM were introduced at the clinic using a computer reminder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the guidelines and alert on screening MSM for gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Methods: The medical records of MSM were reviewed for gonorrhoea and chlamydia screening by site (pharyngeal, urethral and rectal), four months before the implementation of the guidelines and alert (July to October 2002), and one year thereafter (beginning November 2002). Results: After the introduction of the guidelines there was a significant increase in rectal chlamydia testing (55% to 67%, P < 0.001), and significant reduction in pharyngeal chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing (65% to 28%, P < 0.001, and 83% to 76%, P = 0.015 respectively). The proportion of tests that were positive by any site did not change (7% to 7%). Conclusions: The introduction of a computer reminder for new guidelines was temporally associated with screening that conformed more closely to clinical guidelines.

Estimating HIV incidence in eastern European country of Georgia: 2010–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengiz Tsertsvadze ◽  
Nikoloz Chkhartishvili ◽  
Natia Dvali ◽  
Marine Karchava ◽  
Otar Chokoshvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Eastern European Country ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Country Of Georgia ◽  
Testing Algorithm ◽  
New Diagnosis

The knowledge of HIV incidence is essential to better understand patterns of HIV transmission. We estimated HIV incidence over 2010–2012 in the eastern European country of Georgia. Mathematical modeling using Spectrum software and assay-based recent infection testing algorithm were applied. The study included 1155 HIV patients newly diagnosed in 2010–2012 (84% of total diagnoses). Of them, 231 were determined to be recently infected on the recent infection testing algorithm. The proportion of recent cases did not differ between 2010, 2011 and 2012 (20.4% vs. 19.4% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.94). Both study methods derived comparable estimates ranging from 0.2 to 0.3%, which is up to twice as high as rates of new diagnosis reported in the same period. Despite the relatively stable HIV incidence over 2010–2012, the epidemic continues to grow because of the increasing gap between HIV-infected and diagnosed persons. Increased efforts are needed to reduce the number of people with undiagnosed HIV.

Experience in the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fisher ◽  
V Delpech
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Black African ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

The number of new diagnoses of HIV in the UK is increasing, with most new diagnoses reported in men who have sex with men (MSM) and black African heterosexuals the later of whom usually acquire their infection abroad. Around 31 % of people infected with HIV in the UK are unaware of their diagnosis, and one in three are diagnosed for the first time with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 or with AIDS. Late diagnosis is the most important factor that explains most HIV-related causes of death in the UK. Strategies to increase HIV-testing include universal approaches in antenatal and STD clinics (known as genitourinary [GU] medicine clinics), but other opportunities for prompt diagnosis are often missed during secondary and primary consultations - even when patients present with HIV-related illnesses. Furthermore, a significant proportion of people with undiagnosed HIV who attend GU medicine clinics leave without being offered an HIV test or a diagnosis of HIV. Universal offer (opt-out testing) policies seem to work well - such as in the successful antenatal testing programme - but local strategies to increase HIV-testing and prompt diagnosis, such as training courses and rapid HIV-testing initiatives have met with varied success. New national guidelines for the UK have been published and, if successfully implemented, should help to address some of these issues.

scholarly journals Is the HIV Epidemic Stable among MSM in Mexico? HIV Prevalence and Risk Behavior Results from a Nationally Representative Survey among Men Who Have Sex with Men

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e72616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bautista-Arredondo ◽  
M. Arantxa Colchero ◽  
Martín Romero ◽  
Carlos J. Conde-Glez ◽  
Sandra G. Sosa-Rubí
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sex With Men
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