scholarly journals Reply to Johnson and Wright

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Philipona ◽  
J. Kevin O'Regan
Keyword(s):  
Color Naming ◽  
Unique Hues ◽  
Hue Cancellation

Johnson and Wright (hereafter J&W) claim, in their brief communication entitled “Reply to Philipona and O'Regan” that there are various difficulties in the reasoning in Philipona and O'Regan's (2006) paper entitled “Color naming, unique hues and hue cancellation predicted from singularities in reflection properties,” which was published in this journal in 2006. These difficulties supposedly prevent our paper's conclusions from being accepted.

Color naming, unique hues, and hue cancellation predicted from singularities in reflection properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID L. PHILIPONA ◽  
J. KEVIN O'REGAN
Keyword(s):  
Color Naming ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Unique Hues ◽  
Neuronal Representation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Unique Green ◽  
Psychophysical Studies ◽  
Hue Cancellation

Psychophysical studies suggest that different colors have different perceptual status: red and blue for example are thought of as elementary sensations whereas yellowish green is not. The dominant account for such perceptual asymmetries attributes them to specificities of the neuronal representation of colors. Alternative accounts involve cultural or linguistic arguments. What these accounts have in common is the idea that there are no asymmetries in the physics of light and surfaces that could underlie the perceptual structure of colors, and this is why neuronal or cultural processes must be invoked as the essential underlying mechanisms that structure color perception. Here, we suggest a biological approach for surface reflection properties that takes into account only the information about light that is accessible to an organism given the photopigments it possesses, and we show that now asymmetries appear in the behavior of surfaces with respect to light. These asymmetries provide a classification of surface properties that turns out to be identical to the one observed in linguistic color categorization across numerous cultures, as pinned down by cross cultural studies. Further, we show that data from psychophysical studies about unique hues and hue cancellation are consistent with the viewpoint that stimuli reported by observers as special are those associated with this singularity-based categorization of surfaces under a standard illuminant. The approach predicts that unique blue and unique yellow should be aligned in chromatic space while unique red and unique green should not, a fact usually conjectured to result from nonlinearities in chromatic pathways.

scholarly journals A new spectrally sharpened sensor basis to predict color naming, unique hues, and hue cancellation

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vazquez-Corral ◽  
J. K. O'Regan ◽  
M. Vanrell ◽  
G. D. Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Color Naming ◽  
Unique Hues ◽  
Hue Cancellation

Implicit stereotyping and prejudice and the primed Stroop task

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Kawakami ◽  
Kenneth L. Dion ◽  
John F. Dovidio
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stereotype Activation ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
Black Stereotypes ◽  
Implicit Prejudice ◽  
Implicit Stereotyping ◽  
Naming Latencies

In the present study, automatic stereotype activation related to racial categories was examined utilizing a primed Stroop task. The speed of participants' ink-color naming of stereotypic and nonstereotypic target words following Black and White category primes were compared: slower naming times are presumed to reflect interference from automatic activation. The results provide support for automatic activation of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. With respect to prejudice, naming latencies tended to be slower for positive words following White than Black primes and slower for negative words following Black than White primes. With regard to stereotypes, participants demonstrated slower naming latencies for Black stereotypes, primarily those that were negatively valenced, following Black than White category primes. These findings provide further evidence of the automatic activation of stereotypes and prejudice that occurs without intention.

Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
P. Avero ◽  
M. Dolores Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Miguel-Tobal
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Content Specificity ◽  
Specificity Effects

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxiety, or interpersonal and daily-routines anxiety made no specific contribution to any cognitive bias. Multidimensional anxiety measures are useful for detecting content-specificity effects in cognitive biases.

A Unique Asymmetrical Stroop Effect in Absolute Pitch Possessors

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilach Akiva-Kabiri ◽  
Avishai Henik
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Pitch Processing ◽  
Reverse Pattern

The Stroop task has been employed to study automaticity or failures of selective attention for many years. The effect is known to be asymmetrical, with words affecting color naming but not vice versa. In the current work two auditory-visual Stroop-like tasks were devised in order to study the automaticity of pitch processing in both absolute pitch (AP) possessors and musically trained controls without AP (nAP). In the tone naming task, participants were asked to name the auditory tone while ignoring a visual note name. In the note naming task, participants were asked to read a note name while ignoring the auditory tone. The nAP group showed a significant congruency effect only in the tone naming task, whereas AP possessors showed the reverse pattern, with a significant congruency effect only in the note reading task. Thus, AP possessors were unable to ignore the auditory tone when asked to read the note, but were unaffected by the verbal note name when asked to label the auditory tone. The results suggest that pitch identification in participants endowed with AP ability is automatic and impossible to suppress.

Implicit associative learning in an incongruent color-naming task

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Lermercier ◽  
Thierry Bouillot ◽  
Sandrine Cogniard
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Incongruent Color

Color naming by art students and science students: A comparative study

Semiotica ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ VON WATTENWYL ◽  
HEINRICH ZOLLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Art Students
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