scholarly journals Gone fishing: Adélie penguin site-specific foraging tactics and breeding performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Silvia Olmastroni ◽  
Niccolò Fattorini ◽  
Francesco Pezzo ◽  
Silvano Focardi
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractThe ecological drivers underlying breeding performance are expected to differ across the geographical range of seabird species, but few studies have compared trade-offs between colonies with different local conditions. During chick-rearing (2000–01), we compared the foraging trips, diet and breeding parameters of two Adélie penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, at Edmonson Point (EdPo; ~2000 breeding pairs) and Inexpressible Island (InIs; ~24 000 breeding pairs). Penguins from InIs travelled farther and performed longer feeding trips. The quantity of food brought to the nest was the same for the two colonies, but penguins from InIs brought more fish and less krill. Eggs hatched earlier at EdPo. Breeding success did not differ, but chick weight during hatching–fledging was greater at InIs. Despite worse weather conditions at InIs, the larger proportion of high-energy food brought by penguins from InIs (i.e. fish) may explain their offspring‘s better performance. In addition, the persistence of fast ice at EdPo may have led to greater energy expenditure of breeding individuals, possibly reducing chick growth. The greater intraspecific competition expected at InIs may have been reduced by longer foraging trips and/or counteracted by the more nutritious diet. Our findings reveal complex trade-offs between foraging effort and environmental constraints in determining the breeding performance of Adélie penguins.

South Polar Skua breeding populations in the Ross Sea assessed from demonstrated relationship with Adélie Penguin numbers

Polar Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Wilson ◽  
Philip O’B. Lyver ◽  
Terry C. Greene ◽  
Amy L. Whitehead ◽  
Katie M. Dugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
South Polar Skua ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
South Polar

A 1000-year record of Adélie penguin diets in the southern Ross Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL POLITO ◽  
STEVEN D. EMSLIE ◽  
WILLIAM WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Pleuragramma Antarcticum ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Antarctic Silverfish ◽  
The Antarctic

Non-krill prey remains were recovered from ornithogenic sediments at three active Adélie penguin colonies on Ross Island, to assess long-term dietary trends in this species. Radiocarbon dates place the age of these deposits from a maximum of 947 years ago to the present. We identified 12 taxa of fish and two of squid with the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) as the most abundant prey species represented at all sites. In addition, silverfish have decreased in importance in Adélie penguin diet over the past 600 years, perhaps in response to climate change since the onset of the Little Ice Age, though it remains much more abundant in current penguin diet in the Ross Sea than in the Antarctic Peninsula. Other prey taxa reflect the diversity of prey selection by Adélie penguins in Antarctica.

Adélie penguin dietary remains reveal Holocene environmental changes in the western Ross Sea (Antarctica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lorenzini ◽  
Carlo Baroni ◽  
Ilaria Baneschi ◽  
Maria Cristina Salvatore ◽  
Anthony E. Fallick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Western Ross Sea

scholarly journals Factors driving Adélie penguin chick size, mass and condition at colonies of different sizes in the Southern Ross Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 523 ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Whitehead ◽  
PO’B Lyver ◽  
G Ballard ◽  
K Barton ◽  
BJ Karl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Chick Size

Spatial relationships of Adélie penguin colonies: implications for assessing population changes from remote imagery

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Woehler ◽  
Martin J. Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Pair Density ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colony Area

The relationship between colony area and population density of Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae was examined to determine whether colony area, measured from aerial or satellite imagery, could be used to estimate population density, and hence detect changes in populations over time. Using maps drawn from vertical aerial photographs of Adélie penguin colonies in the Mawson region, pair density ranged between 0.1 and 3.1 pairs m−2, with a mean of 0.63 ± 0.3 pairs m−2. Colony area explained 96.4% of the variance in colony populations (range 90.4–99.6%) for 979 colonies at Mawson. Mean densities were not significantly different among the 19 islands in the region, but significant differences in mean pair density were observed among colonies in Mawson, Whitney Point (Casey, East Antarctica) and Cape Crozier (Ross Sea) populations. The relationship between colony area and population may be locality-and/or species-specific, and a robust data set is required to validate the relationship.

scholarly journals Environmental Constraints and Cooperative Breeding in the Azure-Winged Magpie

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Canário ◽  
Susana Matos ◽  
Manuel Soler
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Breeding Attempt ◽  
Breeding Seasons

AbstractWe studied the Azure-winged Magpie's (Cyanopica cyanus) breeding performance and cooperative breeding system in two consecutive breeding seasons with varying climate conditions. We found a strong year effect on most breeding parameters. Helpers were more frequent in the year with more severe weather conditions, and helper presence significantly increased provisioning rates and breeding success of the breeders. Some of the helpers were adults that had failed on a previous breeding attempt, while others were offspring of the breeding pair from the previous season. We suggest that helping in this species is a “best-of-a-bad-job” strategy, in which individuals facing a breeding attempt with low prospects of success, or with high costs associated, assist others.Imposiciones Ambientales y Cría Cooperativa en Cyanopica cyanusResumen. Estudiamos el éxito reproductivo y el sistema de cría cooperativa en Cyanopica cyanus en dos períodos reproductivos consecutivos con condiciones climáticas muy diferentes. Encontramos un fuerte efecto del año en la mayoría de los parámetros reproductivos. Los ayudantes fueron más frecuentes durante el año con peores condiciones climatológicas, y su presencia aumentó significativamente las tasas de ceba y el éxito reproductivo de las parejas. Algunos de los ayudantes eran adultos que habían fracasado en un intento de reproducción anterior, mientras que otros eran hijos de la pareja reproductora nacidos el año anterior. Sugerimos que el comportamiento de ayudar en esta especie representa una estrategia de “dentro de lo malo, lo mejor”, en la cual algunos individuos en lugar de realizar un intento de reproducción con pocas probabilidades de éxito o muy costoso, se dedican a ayudar a otros.

scholarly journals Ancient Adélie penguin colony revealed by snowmelt at Cape Irizar, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Penguin Colony ◽  
Marine Productivity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Adélie Penguins

The Ross Sea (Antarctica) is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and supports nearly one million breeding pairs of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) annually. There also is a well-preserved record of abandoned penguin colonies that date from before the Last Glacial Maximum (>45,000 14C yr B.P.) through the Holocene. Cape Irizar is a rocky cape located just south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the Scott Coast. In January 2016, several abandoned Adélie penguin sites and abundant surface remains of penguin bones, feathers, and carcasses that appeared to be fresh were being exposed by melting snow and were sampled for radiocarbon analysis. The results indicate the “fresh” remains are actually ancient and that three periods of occupation by Adélie penguins are represented beginning ca. 5000 calibrated calendar (cal.) yr B.P., with the last occupation ending by ca. 800 cal. yr B.P. The presence of fresh-appearing remains on the surface that are actually ancient in age suggests that only recently has snowmelt exposed previously frozen carcasses and other remains for the first time in ~800 yr, allowing them to decay and appear fresh. Recent warming trends and historical satellite imagery (Landsat) showing decreasing snow cover on the cape since 2013 support this hypothesis. Increased δ13C values of penguin bone collagen further indicate a period of enhanced marine productivity during the penguin “optimum”, a warm period at 4000–2000 cal. yr B.P., perhaps related to an expansion of the Terra Nova Bay polynya with calving events of the Drygalski Ice Tongue.

Lagged response of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) abundance to environmental variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Polar Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1781
Author(s):  
Xintong Chen ◽  
Xiao Cheng ◽  
Baogang Zhang ◽  
Hao Meng ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Adelie Penguin

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal diet variability of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) Penguin: a multi tissue stable isotope analysis

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Jafari ◽  
Deborah Maccapan ◽  
Giulio Careddu ◽  
Simona Sporta Caputi ◽  
Edoardo Calizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Aptenodytes Forsteri

AbstractThe Ross Sea, Antarctica, supports large populations of Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), two key meso-predators that occupy high trophic levels. Despite these species are largely studied, little is known about their diet outside the breeding period. In the present study, we investigated the intra-annual diet of Adélie and Emperor Penguins belonging to five colonies in the Ross Sea through the stable isotope analysis of different tissues (feathers and shell membranes), synthetized in different seasons, and guano that indicates recent diet. Penguin samples and prey (krill and fish) were collected during the Antarctic spring–summer. δ13C and δ15N of tissues and guano indicate spatio-temporal variation in the penguin diet. The krill consumption by Adélie Penguins was lowest in winter except in the northernmost colony, where it was always very high. It peaked in spring and remained prevalent in summer. The greatest krill contribution to Emperor Penguin’s diet occurred in summer. The relative krill and fish consumption by both species changed in relation to the prey availability, which is influenced by seasonal sea ice dynamics, and according to the penguin life cycle phases. The results highlight a strong trophic plasticity in the Adélie Penguin, whose dietary variability has been already recognized, and in the Emperor Penguin, which had not previously reported. Our findings can help understand how these species might react to resource variation due to climate change or anthropogenic overexploitation. Furthermore, data provides useful basis for future comparisons in the Ross Sea MPA and for planning conservation actions.

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