scholarly journals Functional connectivity based brain signatures of behavioral regulation in children with ADHD, DCD, and ADHD-DCD

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Christiane S. Rohr ◽  
Signe L. Bray ◽  
Deborah M. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Reward Pathways ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Abstract Behavioral regulation problems have been associated with daily-life and mental health challenges in children with neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Here, we investigated transdiagnostic brain signatures associated with behavioral regulation. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 115 children (31 typically developing (TD), 35 ADHD, 21 DCD, 28 ADHD-DCD) aged 7–17 years. Behavioral regulation was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and was found to differ between children with ADHD (i.e., children with ADHD and ADHD-DCD) and without ADHD (i.e., TD children and children with DCD). Functional connectivity (FC) maps were computed for 10 regions of interest and FC maps were tested for correlations with behavioral regulation scores. Across the entire sample, greater behavioral regulation problems were associated with stronger negative FC within prefrontal pathways and visual reward pathways, as well as with weaker positive FC in frontostriatal reward pathways. These findings significantly increase our knowledge on FC in children with and without ADHD and highlight the potential of FC as brain-based signatures of behavioral regulation across children with differing neurodevelopmental conditions.

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity based Brain Signatures of Behavioral Regulation in Children with ADHD, DCD and ADHD-DCD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane S. Rohr ◽  
Signe Bray ◽  
Deborah Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Coordination Disorder

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often struggle with behavioral self-regulation (BR), which is associated with daily-life challenges. ADHD sometimes presents with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), but little is known about BR in DCD. BR is thought to involve limbic, prefrontal, parietal and temporal brain areas. Given the risk for negative outcomes, gaining a better understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying BR in children with ADHD and/or DCD is imperative.MethodsResting-state fMRI data collected from 115 children (31 typically developing (TD), 35 ADHD, 21 DCD, 28 ADHD-DCD) aged 7-17 years were preprocessed and motion was mitigated using ICA-AROMA. Emotion control, inhibition, and shifting were assessed as subdomains of BR. Functional connectivity (FC) maps were computed for ten limbic, prefrontal, parietal and temporal regions of interest and were investigated for associations with BR subdomains across all participants as well as for significant group differences.ResultsMultiple FC patterns were associated with BR across all participants. Some FC patterns were associated with multiple BR subdomains, while others were associated with only one. Differences in BR were found only between children with ADHD (i.e. ADHD and ADHD-DCD) and those without ADHD (i.e. TD and DCD). FC differences were also found between children with and without ADHD.ConclusionsOur results show dimensional associations between BR subdomain scores and whole-brain FC and highlight the potential of these associative patterns as brain-based signatures of BR in children with and without ADHD.

scholarly journals Developmental Coordination Disorder, Motor Performance and Daily Participation in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Rebeca Montes-Montes ◽  
Laura Delgado-Lobete ◽  
Sara Rodríguez-Seoane
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Coordination Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often present with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or motor coordination problems that further impact their daily functioning. However, little is known about the prevalence of co-occurring DCD and ADHD in the Spanish context, and research about the impact of ADHD on performance and participation in motor-based activities of daily living (ADL) is scarce. The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of co-occurring DCD in children with ADHD, and to examine differences in performance and participation in motor-based ADL between children with ADHD and typically developing children. We conducted a case-control study including 20 children with ADHD and 40 typically developing controls randomly matched for exact age and sex (males = 80%; mean age = 8, 9 (2, 3) years). Presence of probable DCD (p-DCD) was confirmed with the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). The DCDDaily-Q was administered to assess performance and participation in ADL. A 75% prevalence of p-DCD was found in the ADHD group (OR = 27; p < 0.001). Children with ADHD showed poorer motor performance and less participation in ADL (p < 0.01; d = 0.9–1.4). These findings contribute to understand the functional consequences of ADHD in motor-based ADL and its relationship with DCD.

scholarly journals Motor Abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Associated With Regional Grey Matter Volumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Albajara Sáenz ◽  
Thomas Villemonteix ◽  
Peter Van Schuerbeek ◽  
Simon Baijot ◽  
Mathilde Septier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are associated with motor impairments, with some children holding a comorbid diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). However, DCD is underdiagnosed in these populations and the volume abnormalities that contribute to explaining these motor impairments are poorly understood. In this study, motor abilities as measured by the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) were compared between children with ADHD, children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children, aged 8–12 years old. Additionally, the association between the DCDQ scores (general coordination, fine motor/handwriting, control during movement, total) and regional volume abnormalities were explored in 6 regions of interest (pre-central gyrus, post-central gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus), within each group and across all participants. Children with ASD and children with ADHD showed impaired motor abilities in all the DCDQ-derived scores compared to TD children. Additionally, most children with ASD or ADHD had an indication or suspicion of DCD. Within the ASD group, coordination abilities were associated with the volume of the right medial frontal gyrus, and within the ADHD group, the total DCDQ score was associated with the volume of the right superior frontal gyrus. This study underlines the importance of routinely checking motor abilities in populations with ASD or ADHD in clinical practise and contributes to the understanding of structural abnormalities subtending motor impairments in these disorders.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Cortico-Subcortical Functional Connectivity in Developmental Dyslexia and Developmental Coordination Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Cignetti ◽  
Federico Nemmi ◽  
Marianne Vaugoyeau ◽  
Nadine Girard ◽  
Jean-Michel Albaret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Large N ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Abstract Developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are distinct diagnostic disorders. However, they also frequently co-occur and may share a common etiology. It was proposed conceptually a neural network framework that explains differences and commonalities between DD and DCD through impairments of distinct or intertwined cortico-subcortical connectivity pathways. The present study addressed this issue by exploring intrinsic cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity in a large (n = 136) resting-state fMRI cohort study of 8–12-year-old children with typical development and with DD and/or DCD. We delineated a set of cortico-subcortical functional circuits believed to be associated with the brain’s main functions (visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal control, and default-mode). Next, we assessed, using general linear and multiple kernel models, whether and which circuits distinguished between the groups. Findings revealed that somatomotor cortico-cerebellar and frontoparietal cortico-striatal circuits are affected in the presence of DCD, including abnormalities in cortico-cerebellar connections targeting motor-related regions and cortico-striatal connections mapping onto posterior parietal cortex. Thus, DCD but not DD may be considered as an impairment of cortico-subcortical functional circuits.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Research on Movement Skill Performance and Physical Fitness

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Harvey ◽  
Greg Reid
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Coordination Disorder

The purpose of this study was to present a comprehensive review of research on the movement performance and physical fitness of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and offer research recommendations. Movement behaviors of children with ADHD were described on the basis of 49 empirical studies published between 1949 and 2002. Major results indicated that (a) children with ADHD are at risk for movement skill difficulties, (b) children with ADHD are at risk for poor levels of physical fitness, (c) comorbidity may exist between ADHD and developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and (d) few interventions have focused on movement performance and physical fitness of children with ADHD. Numerous reference citations for seminal review articles on ADHD are provided so that potential researchers or program planners might enter the vast ADHD literature with some ease.

scholarly journals Event-Based Prospective Memory Deficit in Children with ADHD: Underlying Cognitive Factors and Association with Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5849
Author(s):  
Floriana Costanzo ◽  
Elisa Fucà ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Antonella Rita Circelli ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Event Based

Event-based prospective memory (PM) was investigated in children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a novel experimental procedure to evaluate the role of working memory (WM) load, attentional focus, and reward sensitivity. The study included 24 children with ADHD and 23 typically-developing controls. The experimental paradigm comprised one baseline condition (BC), only including an ongoing task, and four PM conditions, varying for targets: 1 Target (1T), 4 Targets (4T), Unfocal (UN), and Reward (RE). Children with ADHD were slower than controls on all PM tasks and less accurate on both ongoing and PM tasks on the 4T and UN conditions. Within the ADHD group, the accuracy in the RE condition did not differ from BC. A significant relationship between ADHD-related symptoms and reduced accuracy/higher speed in PM conditions (PM and ongoing trials), but not in BC, was detected. Our data provide insight on the adverse role of WM load and attentional focus and the positive influence of reward in the PM performance of children with ADHD. Moreover, the relation between PM and ADHD symptoms paves the road for PM as a promising neuropsychological marker for ADHD diagnosis and intervention.

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