scholarly journals The genetics of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Rehana S. Parveen ◽  
Samuel R. Revolinski ◽  
Kimberly A. Garland Campbell ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Maturity

Abstract Genetic susceptibility to late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) results in increased alpha-amylase activity in mature grain when cool conditions occur during late grain maturation. Farmers are forced to sell wheat grain with elevated alpha-amylase at a discount because it has an increased risk of poor end-product quality. This problem can result from either LMA or preharvest sprouting, grain germination on the mother plant when rain occurs before harvest. Whereas preharvest sprouting is a well-understood problem, little is known about the risk LMA poses to North American wheat crops. To examine this, LMA susceptibility was characterized in a panel of 251 North American hard spring wheat lines, representing ten geographical areas. It appears that there is substantial LMA susceptibility in North American wheat since only 27% of the lines showed reproducible LMA resistance following cold-induction experiments. A preliminary genome-wide association study detected six significant marker-trait associations. LMA in North American wheat may result from genetic mechanisms similar to those previously observed in Australian and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) germplasm since two of the detected QTLs, QLMA.wsu.7B and QLMA.wsu.6B, co-localized with previously reported loci. The Reduced height (Rht) loci also influenced LMA. Elevated alpha-amylase levels were significantly associated with the presence of both wild-type and tall height, rht-B1a and rht-D1a, loci in both cold-treated and untreated samples.

AC2000 hard white spring wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. S. Sadasivaiah ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Tilletia Laevis ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Sprouting Resistance ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting Resistance

AC2000 is a hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance to preharvest sprouting and prevalent races of common bunt [Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and T. caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. It is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (White) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, white wheat, bunt resistance, preharvest sprouting resistance, noodle color

Investigating conditions that induce late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) using Northwestern US spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Keiko M. Tuttle ◽  
Kimberly A. Garland Campbell ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
Camille M. Steber
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract The wheat industry rejects grain with unacceptably high α-amylase enzyme levels due to the risk of poor endproduct quality. There are two main causes of elevated grain α-amylase: (1) preharvest sprouting in response to rain before harvest and (2) late maturity α-amylase (LMA) induction in response to a cool temperature shock during late grain development. LMA induction was detected in a panel of 24 Northwestern US spring wheat lines. Thus, this problem previously described in Australian and U.K. varieties also exists in U.S. varieties. Because LMA induction results were highly variable using published methods, a characterization of LMA-inducing conditions was conducted in an LMA-susceptible soft white spring wheat line, WA8124. Problems with elevated α-amylase in untreated controls were reduced by raising the temperature, 25°C day/18°C night versus 20°C day/10°C night. LMA induction was not improved by colder temperatures (15°C day/4°C night) versus moderately cold temperatures (18°C day/7.5°C night or 10°C day/10°C night). While previous studies observed LMA induction by heat stress, it failed to induce LMA in WA8124. Thus, not all LMA-susceptible cultivars respond to heat. The timing of LMA susceptibility varied between two cultivars and within a single cultivar grown at slightly different temperatures. Thus, variability in LMA induction likely results from variability in the timing of the grain developmental stage during which cold shock induces LMA. Thus, it was concluded that the visual inspection of grain is needed to correctly identify LMA-sensitive spikes at the soft dough stage of grain development (Zadok's stage 85).

LEADER HARD RED SPRING WHEAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. De PAUW ◽  
D. S. McBEAN ◽  
S. R. BUZINSKI ◽  
T. F. TOWNLEY-SMITH ◽  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Brown Soil

Leader hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines resistance to the wheat stem sawfly with a low level of alpha-amylase activity. It is adapted to the Brown soil zones of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Journey hard red spring wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Graf ◽  
D. A. Potts ◽  
K. M. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Sprouting Resistance

Journey hard red spring wheat is adapted to the wheat-growing regions of the Canadian prairies. Evaluation occurred in Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration tests in 1997, 1999 and 2000 relative to Neepawa, Roblin, AC Majestic, McKenzie and AC Barrie. Journey displayed high grain yield, mid- to late - season maturity, reduced height, very strong straw, high test weight, high protein content and improved pre-harvest sprouting resistance. It exhibited resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust, leaf rust and common bunt, and intermediate resistance to loose smut and Fusarium head blight. Journey is eligible for all grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, red spring wheat, strong straw, grain protein, test weight, preharvest sprouting resistance, disease resistance

scholarly journals Phenotyping and Identification of Reduced Height (Rht) Alleles (Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b) in a Nepali Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Diversity Panel to Enable Seedling Vigor Selection

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2412
Author(s):  
Kamal Khadka ◽  
Mina Kaviani ◽  
Manish N. Raizada ◽  
Alireza Navabi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Reduced Height

Nepal is facing more intense early-season drought stress associated with climate change. The introgression of reduced height (Rht) alleles to enable stem dwarfism in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inadvertently reduced coleoptile length and growth plasticity in seedlings, making improved varieties less suitable for deep seeding; these alleles may have also reduced seedling root length. Therefore, with the long-term objective of breeding wheat for early-season drought stress, a Nepali spring wheat panel was evaluated to assess allelic variation at the most common dwarfing-associated loci (Rht-B1, Rht-D1) and their impact on coleoptile/seedling root traits, and to identify accessions with longer and/or more GA-responsive coleoptiles as parents for future breeding. Here, Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) was used to genotype accessions. The panel was phenotyped using the cigar-roll method in the presence/absence of GA3. Plant height was measured under field conditions. The results showed that Nepali landraces had a significantly higher frequency of the non-dwarfing allele Rht-B1a. The dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b had negative effects on coleoptile length but positive effects on the length of the longest seedling root. However, 40 potential semi-dwarf accessions (possessing Rht-B1b and/or Rht-D1b alleles) with long and/or more plastic coleoptiles suited for deep sowing were identified. This included 12 accessions that exhibited significant changes in coleoptile length in response to GA3 treatment.

scholarly journals AC Vista hard white spring wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
J. M.Clarke ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Sprouting Resistance ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting Resistance

AC Vista is a hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance to preharvest sprouting. It combines high grain yield and resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust, common bunt, and loose smut except race T9 in a semidwarf photoperiod insensitive background. AC Vista has harder kernels and stronger gluten than AC Karma. It is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (White) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, white spring wheat, preharvest sprouting resistance, common bunt resistance, high grain yield

scholarly journals Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with common bunt resistance in a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Lillian

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
pp. 3023-3033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdissa E. Bokore ◽  
Richard D. Cuthbert ◽  
Ron E. Knox ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
Heather L. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Bunt Resistance

Biggar red spring wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
K. R. Preston ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith ◽  
E. A. Hurd ◽  
G. E. McCrystal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
End Use ◽  
Milling Properties

Biggar red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield potential with semidwarf stature and wide adaptation. Biggar has improved end-use suitability relative to HY320 such as harder kernels, better flour milling properties, greater water absorption, and stronger gluten properties. It received registration No. 3089 and is eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring (red). Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), high yield, cultivar description

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